004 FLUID MACHINES
FRL UNIT
DR. KK SUNDARAM
9422330650
AGENDA - FRL
• PURPOSE OF USING A FILTER REGULATOR
LUBRICATOR UNIT
• SYSTEM PERFORMANCE FOR SPECIFIC
APPLICATIONS
• FLITER SELECTION
• REGULATOR ( PRESSURE) SELECTION
• LUBRICATOR SELECTION
• CONCLUSIONS
PNEUMATIC
WHAT IS AN FRL SYSTEM
FILTER REGULATOR LUBRICATOR
• An FRL unit comprises
– a filter (F),
– Regulator (R), and
– Lubricator (L).
In the beginning all units were used separately. Later
to save space these units were combined into one
unit. Today both types are used depending on
application. ALL these individual units can
combine into one unit to ensure clean air in a
pneumatic system.
FILTER REGULATOR LUBRICATOR
• ALL these individual units can combine into
one unit to ensure clean air in a pneumatic
system.
FILTER REGULATOR LUBRICATOR
purpose
• FRL unit in a pneumatic system
– provides higher reliability of the components
downstream
– reduced power wastage from over-pressurization,
– increased component lifetime.
Functions
• Filters: Filters remove water, dirt, and other
harmful debris from an air system, which
causes a good quality function for the
pneumatic system
• Removal of dirt grime and water etc avoids
corrosion and improves life. Dirt that sticks
and forms sludges can incubate bateria algae
etc and impair function. This if removed will
ensure smooth performance
Functions
• Selection of the filter depends on
– Flow rate of the fluid
– Particle size purity desired for the
application
– Type of operational environment
Regulators (control units)
• Regulators: The second step in an FRL system
is a regulator. Regulators adjust and control
the air pressure of a system to ensure that
down-line components do not exceed their
maximum operating pressures.
• Safety and stablity of the system is ensured,
by prevent of downstream shocks.
Lubricator
• Lubricators: Lubricators reduce the internal
friction in air tools by releasing a controlled oil
mist into the compressed air. This is often
done last and/or right before the component
that needs lubrication.
• Reducing friction- reduces power
consumption and optimizes costs.
Lubricator
• Lubricators:
• Most modern pneumatic tools use self-
lubricating seals, and the user often does not
need to install a separate lubricator.
ORDER OF INSTALLATION OF UNITS
Order / sequence of an installation IS :
a compressor,
filter,
regulator,
and lubricator.
We should give careful consideration to both the
order and location of these devices.
SELECTION OF F-R-L
HOW TO SELECT AN FRL
• Application specifications PARAMETERS
• Type of Application Where needed ? : eg.
Hospital/Automated machinery / Food
processing plant etc ? Tire changer ?
• Pressure NEEDED flow rate NEEDED
• Air quality requirements of the tools which
will be using compressed air
HOW TO SELECT AN FRL
• Application specifications PARAMETERS
• QUANTIFY
– PRESSURE RANGE
– AIR FLOW RATE RANGE
– AIR QUALITY STANDARD ( TO BE ABLE TO DICTATE
THE TYPE OF FILTERS)
IF ITS FOR SAY A VENTILATOR THEN WE NEED FOR
EG A COVID N 92 TYPE OF FILTER !!!
ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS
• THESE WILL HELP DICTATE THE MATERIAL OF
CONSTRUCTION THAT NEEDS TO BE USED FOR
THE FRL UNIT
• If the device is outside and exposed to heat,
salt water, salt air, or chemicals a metal body
is used.
• A non corrosive unit such as the Use of Nylon
or polycarbonate housing is used for most
general applications.
MATERIALS USED
Materials
• Materials used for the valve S
– BRASS STAINLESS STEEL AND NYLON ARE USED
FOR THE VALVE BODY
• Materials used for the seal
– EPDM (Ethylene - Propylene - Diene
Monomer), FKM (Fluorine Rubber,
Viton), PTFE (Teflon) and NBR (Nitrile butadiene
rubber or nitrile rubber) are the most commonly
used seal materials . Ptfe IS THE MOST INERT
MATERIAL of the ones shown in the list.
Types of valves
• Solenoid valve
• Ball valve
• Butterfly valve
• Directional control valve
• Check valve
• Needle valve
• Angle seat valve
• Gate Valve
SOLENOID VALVES
• SOLENOID VALVE
BALL VALVE
• VALVE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
THESE CAN BE MANUAL ELECTRICALLY OR
PNEUMATICALLY OPERATED !!
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
• DC
NEEDLE VALVES
• Needle valves can be used
as a leakproof on-off valve
or to accurately regulate
the flow rate. They are
manually operated and
generally used for relatively
low flow rates.
NEEDLE VALVES
• . The pressure drop of is
quite large compared to
other valves such as ball
valves. Settings are smooth
and gradual.
ANGLE SEAT VALVES
• ANGLE SEAT VALVES ARE ALSO CALLED AS Y
VALVES OR GLOBE VALVES
GATE VALVE
• GATE VALVE
Kk sundaram
FILTERS SELECTIONS
Filters
• Two factors determine a filter’s
necessary micron size and bowl
material: contaminants’ type and size
and components’ air requirements.
Common applications typically require
a filter rated between 5 - 40 microns.
The filter rating gives the particle size
limit that the filter allows to pass
through. For example, a 20-micron
filter allows only particles smaller than
20 microns to pass through.
Filters
• Two factors determine a filter’s
necessary micron size and bowl
material: contaminants’ type and size
and components’ air requirements.
Common applications typically require
a filter rated between 5 - 40 microns.
The filter rating gives the particle size
limit that the filter allows to pass
through. For example, a 20-micron
filter allows only particles smaller than
20 microns to pass through.
PRESSURE REGULATORS
Pressure Regulators
• A pressure regulator is a device that controls
the pressure of liquids or gasses by reducing a
high input pressure to a lower output
pressure. Designed to produced a constant
output pressure even when fluctuations in the
inlet pressure occur.
Pressure Regulators
• The main aspect common across all
applications is pressure control – from a
higher inlet pressure to a lower output
pressure.
Pressure Regulators
• Types of pressure regulators
• Pressure regulators have the following
categories:
• Direct-operated
Direct operated or self-operated
self operated
• Pilot-operated
Uses / applications
• A pressure regulator accepts an input pressure
and reduces it to a constant output pressure. It is
adjustable for a wide range of pressures that are
higher than or equal to the output pressure.
• When is a pressure regulator necessary?
• A pressure regulator is necessary whenever the
pressure of the source is higher than maximum
required pressure. For example, pressure coming
from an air compressor going to a paint gun.
Pressure Regulators
• A pressure regulator is a device that controls
the pressure of liquids or gasses by reducing a
high input pressure to a lower output
pressure. It produces a constant output
pressure even when fluctuations in the inlet
pressure occur.
Pressure Regulators
• Pressure regulators, in various forms, are suitable for many
domestic and industrial applications, like regulating propaidne in
gas grills, regulating oxygen in healthcare equipment, supplying
compressed air in industrial applications, and regulating fuel in
automotive engines and aerospace applications. The main aspect
common across all these applications is pressure control – from a
higher inlet pressure to a lower output pressure. This article looks
closer at the types of pressure regulators, their applications, and
what to consider when choosing between pressure regulators.
• Table of contents
• Pressure regulator components
• Types of pressure regulators
• Pressure regulator applications
• Selection criteria for pressure regulators
Pressure Regulators
• Pressure regulators, in various forms, are
suitable for many domestic and industrial
applications, like regulating propaidne in gas
grills, regulating oxygen in healthcare
equipment, supplying compressed air in
industrial applications, and regulating fuel in
automotive engines and aerospace
applications.
LUBRICATORS
Lubricators
• Lubricators automatically
lubricate air for
downstream equipment
in the compressed air
system. Lubricators
reduce the internal
friction in tools or
equipment by releasing a
controlled mist of oil into
the compressed air.
Lubricators
• They release the oil as an “oil-fog” (large
droplet of oil typically for one component
needing heavy lubrication) or as a “micro-fog”
(mist of oil used for long distances and
multiple components). They require a certain
flow rate to work and cause a pressure drop.
This needs to be taken into account to ensure
downstream components get the correct air
pressure.
Lubricators
• Lubricators are typically
installed after a pressure
regulator and right before
the component (or
components) requiring
lubrication. This is done
to not transport the oil
over long distances.
Lubricators
• Installation is done over a
very short distance to
avoid spill leakage and
maintenance and also to
avoid losses.
Applications Marine engineering
• marine
Applications Marine engineering
• marine
Pasterurization plants
Industrial washing machines
Thank you for listening
