Here are the answers to Section B and Section C of the sample paper:
Section B: Short Answer Type Questions
(Each answer is 4-5 lines)
1. Define displacement and differentiate it from distance.
Displacement is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position of an object and is
a vector quantity. Distance is the total path length covered by an object and is a scalar
quantity. For example, if an object moves 5 m forward and then 3 m backward, its distance is
8 m, but its displacement is 2 m.
2. State and explain Newton’s first law of motion.
Newton's first law of motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in
motion will remain in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an
external force. This law is also known as the law of inertia, and it explains why we need to
apply a force to move or stop objects.
3. What is meant by uniform and non-uniform motion? Give examples.
Uniform motion occurs when an object moves with a constant speed in a straight line, such
as a car traveling at 60 km/h. Non-uniform motion happens when an object’s speed changes
over time, such as a car accelerating from a stoplight. In non-uniform motion, the velocity
and acceleration can vary.
4. Why do objects fall towards the Earth?
Objects fall towards the Earth due to the gravitational force that attracts them towards the
center of the planet. This force is proportional to the mass of the object and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between the object and the center of the Earth.
5. Explain the relationship between mass and inertia.
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, and it depends on
the mass of the object. The greater the mass, the greater the inertia. This means a heavier
object requires more force to change its motion compared to a lighter object.
6. What is the significance of the gravitational constant (G)?
The gravitational constant (G) determines the strength of the gravitational force between
two objects. It is a universal constant with a value of 6.67×10−116.67 \times 10^{-
11}6.67×10−11 Nm²/kg². It helps calculate the gravitational attraction between masses in
Newton's law of gravitation.
7. How is the weight of an object different from its mass?
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is measured in kilograms, while weight is the
force exerted on an object due to gravity and is measured in newtons. Weight depends on
both the mass and the acceleration due to gravity, W=mgW = mgW=mg, and can change
with location (e.g., on the Moon).
8. Describe what happens when a force is applied to a moving object in the direction of
motion.
When a force is applied in the direction of an object's motion, it increases the object's
velocity, causing it to accelerate. According to Newton’s second law of motion, F=maF =
maF=ma, the force increases the acceleration of the object, making it move faster.
9. Define momentum and give its SI unit.
Momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity, represented as p=mvp =
mvp=mv. It is a vector quantity and its SI unit is kilogram meter per second (kg m/s).
Momentum describes the quantity of motion an object has and is conserved in the absence
of external forces.
10. Explain why passengers fall forward when a moving bus suddenly stops.
When a moving bus stops suddenly, the passengers’ bodies tend to continue moving forward
due to inertia. The lower part of their body comes to rest with the bus, but the upper body,
due to inertia, keeps moving forward, causing them to fall in the direction of motion.
11. What is the velocity-time graph, and what information does it provide?
A velocity-time graph shows how velocity changes over time. The slope of the graph gives
the acceleration, and the area under the graph represents the displacement. A horizontal
line means constant velocity, while a sloped line indicates acceleration or deceleration.
12. State the universal law of gravitation.
The universal law of gravitation states that every particle in the universe attracts every other
particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. The formula is:
F=Gm1m2r2F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}F=Gr2m1m2
13. Why do astronauts experience weightlessness in space?
Astronauts experience weightlessness in space because they are in free fall along with their
spacecraft. Although the gravitational force still acts on them, they are continuously falling
towards the Earth, creating a sensation of floating or being weightless.
14. Define the term acceleration and give its SI unit.
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. It is a vector quantity and
can be positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down). The SI unit of acceleration is
meters per second squared (m/s²).
15. What factors affect the gravitational force between two objects?
The gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance
between them. The force increases with the product of the masses and decreases as the
square of the distance between the objects increases, as per the formula F=Gm1m2r2F = G \
frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}F=Gr2m1m2.
Section C: Long Answer Type Questions
(Each answer is 6-7 lines)
1. Derive the equation of motion: v=u+atv = u + atv=u+at.
The first equation of motion, v=u+atv = u + atv=u+at, relates the final velocity (v), initial
velocity (u), acceleration (a), and time (t). It is derived from the definition of acceleration as
the rate of change of velocity:
a=v−uta = \frac{v - u}{t}a=tv−u
Rearranging the equation to find vvv, we get:
v=u+atv = u + atv=u+at
This equation shows that the final velocity of an object depends on its initial velocity, the
acceleration, and the time for which the acceleration is applied.
2. Describe an experiment to calculate the acceleration due to gravity using a simple
pendulum.
To calculate the acceleration due to gravity (g) using a simple pendulum, set up a pendulum
with a small bob and string of known length (l). Measure the time (T) it takes for the
pendulum to complete several oscillations, and find the period by dividing the total time by
the number of oscillations. The acceleration due to gravity is given by the formula:
g=4π2lT2g = \frac{4 \pi^2 l}{T^2}g=T24π2l
By substituting the measured values of length and period into the equation, we can calculate the
value of g.
3. A ball is thrown upwards with a velocity of 20 m/s. Calculate the maximum height it
reaches and the time it takes to return to the thrower.
The maximum height hhh is given by the equation:
v2=u2−2ghv^2 = u^2 - 2ghv2=u2−2gh
Setting v=0v = 0v=0 at the maximum height, and u=20u = 20u=20 m/s, and g=9.8g = 9.8g=9.8 m/s²:
0=(20)2−2(9.8)h⇒h=40019.6=20.41 meters0 = (20)^2 - 2(9.8)h \Rightarrow h = \frac{400}{19.6} =
20.41 \text{ meters}0=(20)2−2(9.8)h⇒h=19.6400=20.41 meters
The time to reach the maximum height is t=ug=209.8≈2.04t = \frac{u}{g} = \frac{20}{9.8} \approx
2.04t=gu=9.820≈2.04 seconds. The total time to return is double, so about 4.08 seconds.
4. Derive the relation between force, mass, and acceleration using Newton’s second law.
Newton’s second law of motion states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate
of change of its momentum. Momentum is the product of mass (m) and velocity (v):
F=dpdt=d(mv)dtF = \frac{dp}{dt} = \frac{d(mv)}{dt}F=dtdp=dtd(mv)
If the mass remains constant, the equation simplifies to:
F=mdvdt=maF = m \frac{dv}{dt} = maF=mdtdv=ma
This shows that force is directly proportional to the mass of the object and the acceleration it
undergoes, giving the formula F=maF = maF=ma.
5. Explain the significance of the law of conservation of momentum with an example.
The law of conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of a system remains
constant if no external forces act on it. For example, in a collision between two cars, the total
momentum before and after the collision remains the same, provided no external forces like
friction are involved. This law explains phenomena such as rocket propulsion, where the
exhaust gases' momentum equals the rocket's forward momentum.
6. A car is moving with uniform velocity. What forces act on it, and how do they balance?
When a car moves with uniform velocity, the driving force (engine force) is balanced by
opposing forces like friction and air resistance. According to Newton’s first law, if these forces
are balanced, the car will continue to move at a constant velocity. No net force acts on the
car, so there is no acceleration.
7. Calculate the gravitational force between two objects of masses 10 kg and 20 kg placed 2
meters apart.
The gravitational force between two objects is calculated using the formula:
F=Gm1m2r2F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}F=Gr2m1m2
Substituting G=6.67×10−11G = 6.67 \times 10^{-11}G=6.67×10−11 Nm²/kg², m1=10m_1 = 10m1=10
kg, m2=20m_2 = 20m2=20 kg, and r=2r = 2r=2 m:
F=6.67×10−11×10×2022=1.67×10−9 NF = 6.67 \times 10^{-11} \times \frac{10 \times 20}{2^2} =
1.67 \times 10^{-9} \text{ N}F=6.67×10−11×2210×20=1.67×10−9 N
So, the gravitational force between the objects is 1.67×10−91.67 \times 10^{-9}1.67×10−9 N.
8. A bullet of mass 0.01 kg is fired with a velocity of 500 m/s. Find its momentum.
Momentum is given by the formula:
p=mvp = mvp=mv
Here, mass m=0.01m = 0.01m=0.01 kg and velocity v=500v = 500v=500 m/s.
p=0.01×500=5 kg m/sp = 0.01 \times 500 = 5 \, \text{kg m/s}p=0.01×500=5kg m/s
The momentum of the bullet is 5 kg m/s.
9. Explain the three equations of motion and give their graphical representation.
The three equations of motion are:
1. v=u+atv = u + atv=u+at (final velocity after time t),
2. s=ut+12at2s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2s=ut+21at2 (displacement after time t),
3. v2=u2+2asv^2 = u^2 + 2asv2=u2+2as (relation between velocity and displacement).
These equations can be represented graphically on velocity-time and displacement-
time graphs, where acceleration appears as the slope.
10. Discuss how the value of acceleration due to gravity varies with height and depth from the
Earth's surface.
The value of acceleration due to gravity decreases with an increase in height from the Earth’s
surface and also decreases as we go deep inside the Earth. This is because gravity is inversely
proportional to the square of the distance from the center of the Earth. At heights much
larger than the Earth’s radius, gravity becomes very weak, and at the Earth's core, it becomes
zero.
Answer Key for Class 9 Science PT-3 Advanced Sample Question Paper
Section A: Objective Type Questions
1. Correct Statement: (b) Work is a scalar quantity.
2. IUPAC name of H₂SO₄: Sulfuric acid.
3. Energy possessed before hitting the ground: Kinetic energy.
4. Nitrogen is essential for plants to synthesize proteins, nucleic acids, and chlorophyll.
5. The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction,
limiting the amount of product formed.
Section B: Short Answer Type Questions
6. Power = Work / Time
P=500 J10 s=50 WP = \frac{500 \, \text{J}}{10 \, \text{s}} = 50 \, \text{W}P=10s500J=50W
7. High-yielding varieties (HYVs) of crops:
o Provide higher production per hectare.
o Have disease resistance and shorter growth cycles.
8. Molecular mass of Na₂SO₄:
(2×23)+32+(4×16)=46+32+64=142 u(2 \times 23) + 32 + (4 \times 16) = 46 + 32 + 64 = 142 \, \
text{u}(2×23)+32+(4×16)=46+32+64=142u.
9. Potential energy = mgh
PE=2 kg×10 m/s2×15 m=300 JPE = 2 \, \text{kg} \times 10 \, \text{m/s}^2 \times 15 \, \
text{m} = 300 \, \text{J}PE=2kg×10m/s2×15m=300J.
Section C: Long Answer Type Questions
10. Derivation of Kinetic Energy:
o Work done to accelerate a body W=F⋅dW = F \cdot dW=F⋅d.
o F=maF = maF=ma, d=v2−u22ad = \frac{v^2 - u^2}{2a}d=2av2−u2.
o W=m⋅a⋅v2−u22aW = m \cdot a \cdot \frac{v^2 - u^2}{2a}W=m⋅a⋅2av2−u2.
o KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2KE=21mv2 (if u=0u = 0u=0).
Significance: Vehicles moving on roads, motion of objects, etc.
11. Advantages of Chemical Fertilizers:
o Increase crop yield quickly.
o Easy to transport and store.
Disadvantages:
o May cause soil degradation.
o Harmful to the environment when overused.
12. Limiting Reagent Problem:
Reaction: 2A+B→C2A + B \to C2A+B→C.
Given: 4 moles of A and 2 moles of B.
o From stoichiometry: 2 moles of A react with 1 mole of B.
o For 4 moles of A, only 2 moles of B are needed.
o Both react completely, forming 2 moles of C2 \, \text{moles of C}2moles of C.
Section D: Application-Based Questions
13.
(a) Factors Affecting Work:
- Magnitude of force applied.
- Displacement caused.
- Angle between force and displacement.
(b) Work done:
W=60 N×10 m×cos0∘=600 JW = 60 \, \text{N} \times 10 \, \text{m} \times \cos 0^\circ = 600 \, \
Work = Force × Displacement × cosθ\cos \thetacosθ.
text{J}W=60N×10m×cos0∘=600J.
14.
(a) Sustainable Agriculture:
- Conserves resources (soil, water).
- Reduces chemical use.
- Ensures long-term food security.
(b) Measures to Improve Livestock Health:
1. Provide balanced nutrition.
2. Regular veterinary check-ups.
3. Maintain proper sanitation and housing.
