Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1(a)(i) (5.2 + 2.8 + 4.9 + 3.5 =) 16.4 two marks for correct answer (2)
(1)
(16.4/4 =) 4.1
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1(a)(ii) A suggestion including two of (2)
the following
variation in human accept genetic variation
population/different body sizes
(1)
hydration level (1) accept fluid / food intake / level of
exercise
salt intake (1)
drug influence (1)
accept levels vary depending on the
time of day (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1(a)(iii) C pituitary gland (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
1(a)(iv) dehydration / thirst / increased accept dilute urine/frequent (1)
volume of urine urination/tiredness/dizzy/headache
[Link]
Question Indicative Content Mark
Number
QWC *1(b) An explanation to include some of the following points (6)
negative feedback
Hydration
increased water/decreased salt in blood
detected by hypothalamus
acts on the pituitary gland
decreased release of ADH
decreased permeability of collecting duct/renal
tubules/nephron
less re-absorption of water
Increased volume of urine
Dehydration
decreased water/increase salt in blood
detected by hypothalamus
acts on the pituitary gland
increased release of ADH
increased permeability of collecting duct/renal
tubules/nephron
more re-absorption of water
decreased volume of urine
Leve 0 No rewardable content
l
1 1-2 a limited explanation of increase in ADH OR decrease in ADH OR
the role of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus or negative feedback
in the release of ADH
the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses
limited scientific terminology
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
2 3-4 a simple explanation of both ADH increase and decrease OR a
detailed explanation of either an increase or decrease
the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity
and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
3 5-6 a detailed explanation of both ADH increase and decrease
including mention of permeability of the renal tubules and role of
the hypothalamus or pituitary gland
the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a
range of scientific terminology accurately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
Total for Question 1 = 12 marks
[Link]
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
2.7 Allow -2.7 (oC)
2(a)(i) (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
a comparison to include the
2(a)(ii) following linked points
(Rebecca’s) brain temperature Ignore references to brain
fluctuated / stayed similar / did temperature going up
not change very much (1)
(whereas) finger temperature
decreased (1) (2)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
an explanation to include three of
2(a)(iii) the following points
heat lost to the environment accept ref to temperature
/from finger (1) gradient
less blood delivered to the skin’s
surface/finger (1) accept more blood flow to vital
organs
narrowing of the arterioles near
the skin’s surface (1) accept blood vessels for
arterioles
vasoconstriction (1)
(3)
less heat loss by radiation(1)
[Link]
Question Indicative Content Mark
Number
QWC *2(b) A explanation to include some of the following
• homeostasis / regulation of the body’s internal environment
• controlled by the hypothalamus / thermoregulatory
• hypothalamus / thermoregulatory centre monitors blood
temperature
• negative feedback mechanism
• sweat rate increases
• sweat glands will release sweat on to skin surface
• evaporation of this sweat / water will remove heat energy
from skin
• hairs on skin’s surface lay flat
• no trapping of insulating air layer so body loses heat
• vasodilation occurs
• widening of the arterioles / blood vessels eq, near the skin
delivers warm blood to skin surface
• body loses heat by radiation
(6)
Level 0 No rewardable content
1 1-2 • a limited explanation of at least one method of thermoregulation
• the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses
limited scientific terminology
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
2 3-4 • a simple explanation including at least two methods of
thermoregulation
• the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity
and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
3 5-6 • a detailed explanation of at least 3 methods of thermo regulation.
Use of the term vasodilation or including information on the
process of homeostasis
• the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range
of scientific terminology accurately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
Total for Question 2 = 12 marks
[Link]
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
3(a) (i) homeostasis / thermoregulation /
osmoregulation (1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
3(a) (ii) D 37 °C
(1)
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
3(b) An explanation linking the
following points
• (travel along) sensory
neurones (1)
• axons / dendrons (1) dendrites
• as electrical / electric accept signals for impulses
impulses (1) ignore electronic
• across synapses (gap
between two neurones) (1)
• using neurotransmitters
(1)
• reference to spinal cord
/CNS (1)
• reference to myelin sheath
(1) (4)
[Link]
Question Indicative Content Mark
Number
QWC *3(c) An explanation of thermoregulation in response to a low external
temperature
• hypothalamus detects a drop in the blood’s temperature
• vasoconstriction
• blood vessels near the surface of the skin constrict
• reduce blood flow to the skin
• reduce heat loss via radiation
• hair erector muscles contract
• raises hairs on body to trap a layer of insulating air
between cold environment and body surface
• reduce heat loss via conduction
• shivering will occur
• skeletal muscles contract and relax involuntarily
• produces respiratory heat to warm up body
• hypothalamus detects a rise in the blood’s temperature
• reference to negative feedback (6)
Level 0 No rewardable content
1 1-2 • a limited explanation is provided for one of the methods of raising
body temperature
• the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses
limited scientific terminology
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy
2 3-4 • a simple explanation of two of the methods of raising body
temperature or one method explained in detail, alternatively a
limited explanation of all three methods
• the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity
and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
3 5-6 • a detailed explanation of at least one of the methods of raising
body temperature with a simple explanation of two others
• most of the steps are identified and are in a logical order and
reference may be made to hypothalamus and negative feedback
• the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range
of scientific terminology accurately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
[Link]
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(a)(i) substitution (1)
4.8 – 2.6
= 2.2 (%)
evaluation (1)
2.2 x 600 000 give full marks for correct (2)
= 1320 000 answer, no working
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(a)(ii) Any two of the following points
• (increase in people who
are) overweight / have a
high BMI / are obese (1)
• (increased number of
people) who do not take
enough exercise (1)
• increased calorie intake (1) (Increased number of people)
who eat too much / eat the
• increase in elderly wrong types of food / eat too
much fat / sugar / (2)
population (1)
carbohydrates
Question Answer Acceptable answers Mark
Number
4(b) An explanation including two of
the following points
• diet to lose weight (1)
• reduce the amount of accept sugar for glucose
carbohydrates / glucose
(1)
• take more exercise so
reduce blood glucose
levels (1)
(2)
[Link]
Question Indicative Content Mark
Number
QWC *4(c) An explanation linking some of the following points
When blood glucose is high
• insulin is released from the pancreas
• the insulin converts the excess glucose
• into glycogen
• which is stored in the liver
• blood glucose levels are reduced
When blood glucose levels are low
• glucagon is released from the pancreas
• the glucagon coverts glycogen
• from the liver
• into glucose
• blood glucose levels are raised
This is a homeostatic mechanism which maintains the correct (6)
glucose levels in the bloodstream
Level 0 No rewardable content
1 1-2 • a limited explanation of blood glucose regulation including the
role of hormones, specific hormones do not need to be
mentioned
• the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses
limited scientific terminology
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited
accuracy
2 3-4 • a simple explanation of blood glucose regulation including the
role of insulin or glucagon and some of the body organs involved
• the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity
and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy
3 5-6 • a detailed explanation of blood glucose regulation including the
role of the liver and pancreas and the methods of reducing and
raising blood glucose concentrations
• the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a
range of scientific terminology accurately
• spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors
(Total for question 4 = 12 marks)
[Link]
