VISHWABHARTI GIRLS

INTERNATIONAL
Date : 29/03/2025 SCHOOL Chapter : 5
Time : 3 hours Std 11 : Chemistry Total Marks : 250

THERMODYNAMICS

Section A
Write the answer of the following questions : (Each carries 1 Mark) [250]

1. The enthalpy change for the transformation of Cl2(g) to Cl –(aq) is (–) _______ kJ/mol. (nearest integer)
(Ddissociation HKCl2(g) = 240 kJ / mol, DElectron gain HKCl(g) = – 350 kJ / mol, DHydration HKCl–(g) = – 380 kJ / mol) (to nearest integer)
(A) 610 (B) 6100 (C) 590 (D) 5900
2. The values of enthalpy of combustion of graphite and diamond are –393.5 kJ mol–1 and –395.4 kJ mol–1 respectively. Calculate the enthalpy
change in the process if 1 mole of graphite is converted to 1 mole of diamond.
(A) +2.5 K. Joule mol–1 (B) –2.5 K. Joule mol–1
(C) 1.9 K. Joule mol –1 (D) –1.9 K. Joule mol–1
3. Mixing two gases results in ΔH = 0. Explain whether the diffusion of these gases into each other in a closed vessel is a spontaneous process or
not.
4. Combustion enthalpy of benzene (I) and acetylene (g) at 25°C and 1 atm pressure are – 3268 kJ mol–1 and – 1300 kJ mol–1 respectively. Find
the enthalpy change for the reaction. 3C2H2(g) → C6H6(I)
(A) + 324 kJ mol–1 (B) + 632 kJ mol–1 (C) – 632 kJ mol–1 (D) – 732 kJ mol–1
5. Capacity of work when entropy is high_________
(A) Maximum (B) Minimum (C) Medium (D) None of these
6. The work done by the system is 8 J. Change in internal energy of the system during the process when 40 J of heat is passed is _____ J
(A) 32 (B) 40 (C) 48 (D) –32
7. Expansion of gas in vacuum is called ________ .
8. Which of the following formulas represent the first law of thermodynamics?
(A) ∆ E = –q + W (B) ∆ E = q – W (C) ∆ E = q + W (D) ∆ E = –q – W
9. When 1 Mole of a gas is heated at a constant volume the temperature rises from 298 K to 308 K.
If the heat given is 500J. Which of the following statements is correct ?
(A) q = W = 500 J, ∆U = 0 (B) q = ∆U = 500 J, W = 0
(C) q = W = 500 J, ∆U ≠ 0 (D) ∆U = 0, q = W = –500 J
10. Given reaction X2O4(l) → 2XO2(g), U = 2.1 K⋅Cal and ∆S = 20 Cal/k at 300 K then ∆G = _______
(A) 9.3 K Cal (B) 2.7 K Cal (C) –2.7 K Cal (D) –9.3 K Cal
11. The value of q is taken to be positive if the system gains heat and the value of q is taken to be negative if the system loses heat.
12. For CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) _______
(Α) ΔH = ΔU (Β) ΔH < ΔU (C) ΔH > ΔU (D) Not determined.
13. If two moles of an ideal gas are spontaneously expanded in vacuum, the work done is ____ Joule.
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
14. If ∆Go > 0 for process ________

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 (A) Kp > 1 (B) Kp < 1
(C) Products are found in the equilibrium mixture (D) None
15. Cp = 23 + 0.01 T for silver. If the temperature of 3 Moles of Silver is raised from 300K to 100 K at 1 atm pressure, the approximate value of
∆H _________
(A) 21 kJ (B) 16 kJ (C) 13 kJ (D) 62 kJ
16. At 298 K temperature C – H, C – C, C = C value of H – H bond enthalpy is 414, 347, 615 and 434 kJ mol–1 respectively, then what will be the
value of enthalpy of hydrogenation reaction of ethene?
(A) + 250 KJ (B) – 250 KJ (C) + 125 KJ (D) 125 KJ
17. The enthalpy of formation of ethane (C2H6) from ethylene by addition of hydrogen where the bond-energies of C – H, C – C, C = C, H – H are
414 kJ, 347 kJ, 615 kJ and 435 kJ respectively is ________ kJ.
(A) +125 kJ (B) –125 kJ (C) +250 kJ (D) –250 kJ
18. What is a spontaneous process?
19. The energy of a ________ system remains constant.
20. Write any two limits of thermodynamics.
21. For a process ΔH = 9.08 KJ / mole and ΔS = 35.7 J / mole. So which of the following sentences is correct?
(A) It is reversible and isothermal. (B) It is reversible and exothermic.
(C) It occurs automatically and endothermic. (D) It occurs automatically and exothermic
22. What is a closed system?
23. If enthalpy of formation of C2H4(g), CO2(g) and H2O(l) are 52, –394 and 286 kJ mol–1 at 25oC and 1 atm pressure then enthalpy of combustion
of C2H4(g) is _______ kJ mol–1
(A) + 1412 (B) – 1412 (C) + 141.2 (D) – 141.2
24. Given N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g); DH0 = –92.4 kJ mol–1 What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?
25. The molar heat capacity of water at constant pressure is 75 JK–1 mol–1. Increase in temperature of water when 1 KJ of heat is applied to 100 g
of water when water is in free diffusion is ________ .
(A) 6.6 (B) 1.2 (C) 2.4 (D) 4.8
26. The work done during reversible isothermal expansion of one mole of hydrogen gas at 25° C from pressure of 20 atmosphere to 10 atmosphere
is : (Given R = 2.0 cal K–1 mol–1)
(A) –413.14 calories (B) 413.14 calories (C) 100 calories (D) 0 calories
27. Cyanide NH2CN(s) and oxygen are reacted in a bomb calorimeter and DU is found to be 742.24 kJ/mol, then for the given process,
NH2CN(s) + O2(g) → N2(g) + O2(g) + H2O(l)
The amount of DH is _______ kJ. (to the nearest integer) (assuming ideal gases R = 8.314 J/mol K)
(A) 441 (B) 741 (C) 341 (D) 841
28. Match List I with List II.
List I (Process) List II (Conditions)
A Isothermal process I No heat exchange
B Isochoric process II Carried out at constant temperature
C Isobaric process iii Carried out at constant volume
D Adiabatic process iv Carried out at constant pressure
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(A) A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I (B) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
(C) A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I (D) A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
29. Given (i) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH0 = x kJ mol–1

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 (ii) C (graphite) + 1/2O2(g) → CO(g); ∆rH0 = y kJ mol–1
(iii) CO(g) + 1/2O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆fH0 = z kJ mol–1
Based on the above thermochemical equations, which of the following algebraic relations is correct?
(A) x = y + z (B) z = x + y (C) y = 2z – x (D) x = y – z
30. If Activation energy of forward and backward reaction are equal _________ .
(A) ∆H = 0 (B) ∆H = ∆G = ∆S = 0 (C) ∆S = 0 (D) ∆G = 0
31. Decomposition enthalpy of iodine at 200°C is 24 cal g–1. If the specific heats of l2(g) and l2(vap) are 0.055 and 0.031 cal g1K–1, respectively,
calculate the enthalpy of decomposition of iodine at 250°C in cal g–1.
(A) 2.85 (B) 5.7 (C) 22.8 (D) 11.4
32. Thermodynamics is not related with _____
(A) Energy changes in a chemical reaction (B) Extent of chemical reaction
(C) Rate of the reaction (D) Probability of chemical reaction
33. State the characteristic of reversible process.
34. What is an open system?
35. In an ________ system, mass and energy are exchanged between the system and the surrounding.
36. Sublimation enthalpy of a substance is equal to _______.
(A) Enthalpy of melting + Enthalpy of vaporization (B) Enthalpy of melting
(C) Enthalpy of vaporization (D) Doubling of enthalpy of vaporization
37. The temperatures of two blocks (blocks) of equal mass of the same metal are T1 and T2 respectively. They are brought into contact with each
other and allowed to attain thermal equilibrium at constant pressure. The change in entropy ∆S for this reaction is...
(A) Cp In (B) 2Cp In (C) 2Cp In (D) 2Cp In

38. Match the following

Column I Column II
(E) Zero law of thermodynamics (P) DU = q + w

(F) First law of thermodynamics (Q) The world entropy increases

(G) Second law of thermodynamics (R) Temperature equilibrium between heat
conducting substances.

39. Calculation of entropy change can be done by using the formula ∆s = When water freezes in a glass beaker T, select the correct
statement from the following :
(A) ΔS (system) decreases, but its ΔS (surrounding) remains the same.
(B) ΔS (system) increases, but ΔS (surrounding) decreases.
(C) ΔS (system) decreases, but ΔS (surrounding) increases.
(D) ΔS (system) decreases, but ΔS (surrounding) also decreases.
40. To describe the state of a gas, state the relationship between ________
(A) Pressure, volume, temperature (B) Temperature, Volume, Pressure
(C) Quantity, size, temperature (D) Pressure, volume, temperature, quantity
41. The temperature of 1 mole of an ideal gas is raised from 0°C to 100°C at constant external pressure. If done, the work done during that time is
________
(A) 831.4 joules (B) –100 joules (C) 0 Joules (D) – 831.4 joules
42. Calculate the standard enthalpy change of the following process :
Na2O(s) + SO3(g) → Na2SO4(s)
(i) Na(s) + H2O(l) → NaOH(s) + H2(g) ∆Ho = – 146 KJ
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 (ii) Na2SO4 + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(s) + SO3(g) ∆Ho = + 418 KJ
(iii) 2Na2O(s) + 2H2(g) → 4Na(s) + 2H2O(l) ∆Ho = + 259 KJ
(A) + 823 KJ (B) – 581 KJ (C) – 435 KJ (D) + 531 KJ
43. Entropy decreases in which of the following events?
(A) Crystallization of salts (B) Evaporation of liquid
(C) Diffusion (D) Melting of ice
44. Which of the following is not true?
(A) ΔG is zero for a reversible process. (B) ΔG is positive for spontaneous process.
(C) ΔG is negative for spontaneous process. (D) ΔG is zero for a non- spontaneous process.
45. For given reaction Br2(l) + Cl2(g) → 2BrCl(g)
Enthalpy and Entropy Change are 30 kJ mol–1 and 105 J K–1 mol–1at which Tempreature reaction will be equlibrium.
(A) 300 K (B) 285.7 K (C) 273 K (D) 450 K
46. The given reaction takes place in an automobile 2C8H18(g) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)
The Signs of ∆H, ∆S and ∆G for the above reaction ________ .
(A) +, –, + (B) –, +, – (C) –, +, + (D) +, +, –
47. Given reaction
C + O2 → CO2, ∆H° = –x kJ
2CO + O2 → 2CO2, ∆H° = –y kJ
So what is the enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide ?
(A) (B) 2x – y (C) y – 2x (D)

48. Based on the algebraic equations (a), (b) and (c), determine which algebraic relationship is correct among the options (A) to (D)?
(a) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH = x kJ mol–1
(b) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO(g); ∆rH = y kJ mol–1
(c) CO2(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH = z kJ mol–1
(A) z = (x + y) (B) x = (y – z) (C) x = (y + z) (D) y = 2z – x
49. If the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 10, then the value of ΔG is ________(R = 8 JK–1 mol–1, T = 300 K)
(A) + 5.527 KJ mol–1 (B) – 5.527 KJ mol–1 (C) + 55.27 KJ mol–1 (D) – 55.27 KJ mol–1
50. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are:
(i) unity
(ii) Zero
(iii) < 0
(iv) different for each element
51. Given below are two statements. One is labeled with statement A and the other is labeled with reason R.
Statement A : ∆rG = –nFE The value of ∆r in the Ecell equation depends on n.
Reason R : Ecell is an intensive property and ∆rG is an extensive property.
Select the correct answer from the options given below with reference to the above statements,
(A) Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A.
(B) A is true, but R is false.
(C) A is false, but R is true.
(D) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
52. The Standard enthalpy of vapourization of water at 100° C is 40.66 kJ mol–1, So what will be the internal energy of vapourization of water at
100° C in kJ mol–1.
(A) 37.56 (B) – 43.67 (C) 43.76 (D) 40.66
53. Assertion(A) : Spontaneous processes are irreversible processes and can be reversed by an external factor.
Reason (R) : Decrease of enthalpy is a useful factor for spontaneity.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A.
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 (C) A is true, but R is false.
(D) A is false, but R is true.
54. The bond dissociation-enthalpy (bond-energy) of H2, Cl2 and HCl are 434, 242 and 431 K joule mol–1 respectively. ______ KJ mol–1 is the
formation-enthalpy of HCl?
(A) 93 (B) – 245 (C) – 93 (D) 245
55. If 200 g of water is heated at constant pressure from 10°C to 20°C, what will be the increase in its entropy? (The molar heat capacity of water
at constant pressure is 75.3 joule K–1mol–1.)
(A) 29.0 JK–1 (B) 227.0 JK–1 (C) – 227.0 JK–1 (D) –29.0 JK–1
56. What is temperature?
57. Under isothermal conditions, a gas expands from 0.1 L to 0.25 L against an external pressure of 2 bar at 300 K then the work done by the gas
_________ (1 L bar = 100 J)
(A) –30 J (B) 5 kJ (C) 25 J (D) 30 J
58. For the reaction, 2Cl(g) → Cl2(g) What are the signs of ΔH and ΔS ?
59. Combustion enthalpy of methane and ethane – 210 K. Cal mol–1 and – 368 K. Cal mol–1 respectively. What will be the combustion enthalpy
of decane?
(A) – 158 K. Cals (B) – 1632 K. Cals
(C) – 1700 K. Cals (D) Information is incomplete.
60. System during the adiabatic process ______
(A) loses mass. (B) does not gain or lose energy.
(C) gains energy. (D) loses energy.
61. For reaction 2Cl(g) → Cl2(g),
(A) ∆rH > 0 and ∆rS > 0 (B) ∆rH > 0 and ∆rS < 0
(C) ∆rH < 0 and ∆rS > 0 (D) ∆rH < 0 and ∆rS < 0
62. What will be the value of ΔH for the following equation? N2(g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3(g)
(Α) ΔΕ – RT (Β) ΔΕ – 2RT (C) ΔΕ + RT (D) ΔΕ + 2RT
63. When 100 calories of heat are supplied, the work done by the system is 300 joules. So the change in internal energy during the process is
_________ Joule
(A) 200 (B) 400 (C) 720 (D) 120
64. At 27 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure SO2(g) + O2(g)  SO3(g) for reaction is Kp = 2 × 1012. Kc for the same reaction is ........ × 1013. (to the
nearest integer) (Given R = 0.082 L atm K–1 mol–1)
(A) 1 (B) 10 (C) 100 (D) 1000
65. The true relationship between the change in free energy of a reaction and the equilibrium constant Kc is __________
(A) ∆Go = RT lnKc (B) –∆Go = RT lnKc (C) ∆G = RT lnKc (D) –∆G = RT lnKc
66. If the heat produced during the complete combustion of 1 mole of ethanol by a bomb calorimeter is 1364.47 kJ at 25°C, what will be the
enthalpy of combustion of ethanol? (R = 8.314 joule. K–1 mol–1)
(A) –1366.95 K. joule. mol–1 (B) –1361.95 K. joule. mol–1
(C) –1460.50 K. joule. mol –1 (D) –1350.50 K. joule. mol–1
67. A reaction has ∆H = 200 J mol–1 and ∆S = 40 JK–1 mol–1. Which of the following values select the minimum temperature above which the
reaction will occur spontaneously?
(A) 20 K (B) 12 K (C) 5 K (D) 4 K
68. The number of non-spontaneous (non-spontaneous) processes for independent processes at 300 K is:

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 Process DH kJ / mol DS J /K
a – 25 – 80
b – 22 40
c 25 – 50
d 22 20
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
69. If standard entropy changes for x2, y2 and xy3 are 60, 40 and 50 J K–1 mol–1.
x2 + y2 y3
If ∆H = –30 kJ for the reaction. What Temperature required to get equilibrium.
(A) 750 K (B) 1000 K (C) 1250 K (D) 500 K
70. Duting which of the following processes, does entropy decreuse?
(A) Freezing of water to ice at 0°C
(B) Freezing of water to ice at –10°C
(C) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(D) Adsorption of CO(g) on the lead surface
(E) Dissolution of NaCl in water
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(A) Only (A), (B), (C) and (D) (B) Only (B) and (C)
(C) (A) and (E) only (D) (A), (C) and (E) only
71. The heats of combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are –394 and –285 KJ mol–1 respectively. Then find the heat of formation of CO in
KJ mol–1.
(A) 109 (B) –109 (C) 218 (D) –218
72. What is enthalpy of atomization?
73. A process event is impossible if
(A) ∆H + ve; ∆S But + ve But ∆H < T∆S (B) ∆H – ve; ∆S – ve But ∆H > T∆S
(C) ∆H – ve; ∆S + ve (D) ∆H + ve; ∆S – ve
74. The molar heat capacity of Al is 25 K. Joule mol–1. What is the heat required to raise the temperature of 54 g of Al from 30°C to 50°C? [MAl =
27 g/mol]
(A) 1.5 KJ (B) 0.5 KJ (C) 1.0 KJ (D) 2.5 KJ
75. Given :
C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = –393.5 kJ mol–1
H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(l); ∆rH° = –285.8 kJ mol–1
CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) → CH4(g) + 2O2(g);
∆rH° = + 890.3 kJ mol–1
What will be the value of ∆rH° at 298 K for the reaction C(graphite) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g) based on the above thermochemical equations?
(A) + 74.8 kJ mol–1 (B) + 144.0 kJ mol–1 (C) – 74.8 kJ mol–1 (D) – 144.0 kJ mol–1
76. Combustion processes are ________ in nature.
77. Calculate considering the above expansion. If the constant external pressure is 1 atm.
78. Acetone has lower molar enthalpy of vaporization than water. Why ?
79. Write the first law of thermodynamics.
80. The enthalpy of combustion of methane, graphite and dihydrogen at 298 K are, –890.3 kJ mol–1 –393.5 kJ mol–1, and –285.8 kJ mol–1
respectively. Enthalpy of formation of CH4(g) will be
(i) –74.8 kJ mol–1
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 (ii) –52.27 kJ mol–1
(iii) +74.8 kJ mol–1
(iv) +52.26 kJ mol–1.
81. According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true for an spotaneous? (World/Universe)
(A) ΔS (world) > 0 (B) ΔS (world) = 0 (C) ΔS (World) 4 > ΔS (D) ΔS (world) < 0
82. An ideal gas is expanded from 1 L volume to 10 L volume against a constant external pressure of 1 bar. So calculate the work done in kJ.
(A) –9 (B) 10 (C) –0.9 (D) –2
83. For given reaction, 2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
At 25° C Temperature and constant pressure & volume Diffn betn heat = _________.
(A) –7.43 (B) 3.72 (C) –3.72 (D) 7.43
84. Give any two examples of extensive properties.
85. Statement : ∆rG is dependent on n in the equation ∆rG = –nFEcell .
Reason : Ecell is intensive property while ∆rG is Extensive property.
(A) Both the statement and the reason are true, but the reaction.
(B) The statement is true, the reason is false
(C) The statement is false, the reason is true.
(D) Both the statement and the reason are true and the reason is the explanation of the statement.
86. ∆U equal to :
(A) Isochoric work (B) Isoburic work (C) Adiabatic work (D) Isothermal work
87. Among the given path function is _________ .
(i) q + w
(ii) q
(iii) w
(iv) H – TS
(A) (i) and (iv) (B) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (C) (ii) and (iii) (D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
88. For a reaction when it is not possible to calculate the enthalpy experimentally, the enthalpy can be calculated by ________.
(A) Kirchhoff’s equation (B) Hess’s law
(C) Henry’s law (D) Clapeyon equation
89. The standard entropy change for the reaction 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) at 298 K is – 550 J/k. At what temperature K will the equilibrium of
the process be established? (Given DHrK = – 165 kJ / mol)
(A) 300 (B) 200 (C) 100 (D) 600
90. What change is 40 ΔH ≠ΔU for?
(A) H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g) (B) HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(aq)
(C) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) (D) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
91. If the reaction is Spontuneous, if ........
(A) T∆S < ∆H and both ∆H and ∆S Positive. (B) T∆S > ∆H and ∆H Positive and ∆S Negative.
(C) T∆S > ∆H and both ∆H and ∆S Positive. (D) T∆S = ∆H and both ∆H and ∆S Positive.
92. Work done if 3 moles of an ideal gas spontaneouly expand in vaccum _________
(A) ∞ (B) 3 J (C) 9 J (D) 0
93. How much heat will be produced by treating 2.7 g of aluminum with Fe2O3?
[2Al + Fe2O3 → 2Fe + Al2O3, ∆Ho = – 852 KJ ]
(A) 852 KJ (B) 426 KJ (C) – 42.6 KJ (D) + 42.6 KJ
94. During a single process the internal energy of the system increases by 240 KJ; Which option is correct when 90 KJ of work is done by the
system?

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 (A) 330 KJ of heat is added to the system from the surroundings.
(B) 150 KJ of heat is added to the system from the surroundings.
(C) 330 KJ of heat is added from the system to the surroundings.
(D) 150 KJ of heat is added from the system to the environment.
95. State the condition for a spontaneous process.
96. The enthalpy of vaporization of water is 186.5 KJmol–1. So what will be its entropy of vaporization _______ KJmol–1?
(A) 0.5 (B) 1 (C) 1.5 (D) 2
97. ∆UK of combustion of methane is – X kJ mol–1. The value of ∆HK is
(i) = ∆UK
(ii) > ∆UK
(iii) < ∆UK
(iv) = 0
98. Which of the following is not a state function?
(A) Internal energy (B) Enthalpy (C) Work (D) Entropy
99. For an isolated system ΔU = 0, what will be ΔS = ?
100. Explain zeroth law of thermodynamics.
101. Give any two examples of intensive properties.
102. A unique system which does not automatically exchange energy or matter between the system and the surrounding.
103. What will be the value of enthalpy of formation of N2H4(g) based on the values of bond enthalpy shown below?
N – N → 159 KJ mol–1
N = N → 418 KJ mol–1
N ≡ N → 941 KJ mol–1
H – H → 436 KJ mol–1
N – H → 389 KJ mol–1
(A) + 711 KJ mol–1 (B) + 98 KJ mol–1 (C) – 98 KJ mol–1 (D) – 711 KJ mol–1
104. The standard reaction Gibbs energy for a chemical reaction at absolute temperature T can be given as, ΔG° = A – BT where A and B are non-
zero variables. Which of the following is true about this reaction?
(A) Exothermic if B < 0 (B) Endothermic if A > 0
(C) Endothermic if A < 0 and B > 0 (D) Exothermic if A > 0 and B < 0
105. Given N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g); ∆rHK = –92.4 kJ mol–1 What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?
106. State Hess’s law of heat summation.
107. Values of ΔH and ΔS for evaporation of water at 1 atmosphere pressure are 40.63 KJ/mol and 108.8 J/k mol respectively., then its change in
Gibbs energy (∆G) will be zero at the temperature of _________ K?
(A) 273.4 (B) 393.4 (C) 373.4 (D) 293.4
108. The enthalpy change and entropy change for a certain process is 40.63 kJ mol–1 and 100 JK–1. So what will be the value of ΔG at 27°C?
(A) 10630 (B) 10789 (C) 11532 (D) 10576
109. Which of the following has a non-zero standard enthalpy?
(A) O2(l) (B) Na(s) (C) Rhombic Sulphur (D) Graphite
110. Which of the following statements must be true for one mole of an ideal gas?
(a) U and H each depend on temperature.
(b) The scalability factor is not equal to z = 1.
(c) Cp’m – Cv.m = R
(d) for reaction dU = CvdT
(A) (a), (c) and (d) (B) (b), (c) and (d) (C) (c) and (d) (D) (a) and (c)

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111. For a certain reaction at 300 K, K = 10, then ∆G° for the same reaction is ________ × 10–1 kJ mol–1. (Given R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1)
(A) –5744 (B) –574.4 (C) –57.44 (D) –5.744
112. A B + 3C reaction is in equilibrium at 25 °C. If the equilibrium constant is Y and Gibb’s free energy is X for this reaction then, Gibb’s
energy for A B + C reaction.
(A) (B) x2 (C) (D)
113. If the atomization enthalpy of Br2(l) is x kJ/mol and the bond enthalpy for Br2 is y kJ/mol, state the relationship between them.
(A) x = y (B) x < y (C) No relationship. (D) x > y
114. Given :
(i) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = x kJ mol–1
(ii) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = y kJ mol–1
(iii) CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = z kJ mol–1
State the correct relationship according to the above thermo chemical equations.
(A) z = x + y (B) x = y – z (C) x = y + z (D) y = 2z – x
115. For silver, CP(JK–1 mol–1) = 23 + 0.01T. At 1 atmosphere pressure, if the temperature (T) of 3 moles of silver is raised from 300K to 1000K,
the value of ∆H is closest to which of the following?
(A) 62 kJ (B) 16 kJ (C) 21 kJ (D) 13 kJ
116. Thermodynamics is not related to which subject?
(A) Speed of the reaction (B) Direction of reaction
(C) Energy changes occurring during the reaction (D) Above the proportion of reaction completion
117. The intermolecular position energy of atoms A, B, C and D given below shows that _______

(A) D is more electronegative than other atom. (B) A-D is the shortest bond length.
(C) A-B is the most dominant (strong) bond. (D) A-A has a very high bond enthalpy.
118. Consider the following reaction in which the change in enthalpy is positive.
2A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g)
Which of the following will not affect equilibrium ?
(A) Change in concentration of reactant (B) Change in pressure
(C) Change in Temperature (D) effect of catalyst
119. What is the correct option for irreversible expansion of an ideal gas under isothermal conditions?
(A) ∆U = 0, ∆Stotal = 0 (B) ∆U ≠ 0, ∆Stotal ≠ 0
(C) ∆U = 0, ∆Stotal ≠ 0 (D) ∆U ≠ 0, ∆Stotal = 0
120. If the volume of a gas is reduced to half of its original volume, the specific heat ­_______
(A) will decrease by half (B) will double
(C) will remain constant (D) will increase fourfold
121. A direct conversion A to B is complex, So the given path follows up.

∆S(A → C) = 50 e.u.

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 ∆S(C → D) = 30 e.u.
∆S(B → D) = 20 e.u.,
∆S(A → B) = ________ .
(A) +100 e.u. (B) 760 e.u. (C) –100 e.u. (D) –60 e.u.
122. If K < 1 then, ∆°G _________
(A) 1 (B) Zero (C) Negative (D) Positive
123. PbO2 → PbO; G298 < O
SnO2 → SnO; G298 > O
The most probable Oxidation state of Pb and Sn respectively _________ .
(A) Pb+4, Sn+4 (B) Pb+4, Sn+2 (C) Pb+2, Sn+2 (D) Pb+2, Sn+4
124. Considering the following reactions, decide which algebraic relation given in options (A) to (D) is correct?
(A) C(g) + 4H(g) → CH4(g); ∆rH = x kJ mol–1
(B) C (graphite, s) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g); ∆rH = y kJ mol–1
(A) x = y (B) x = 2y (C) x > y (D) x < y
125. CH4 + O2 → CH3OH the reaction enthalpy is negative If the enthalpy of combustion of CH4 and CH3OH are X and Y respectively find out
correct relation from the given.
(A) x > y (B) x < y (C) x = y (D) x ≥ y
126. Five moles of an ideal gas at 1 bar and 298 K are expanded in vacuum to double their volume. Work done ________.
(A) Cv (T2 – T1) (B) –RT ln V2 /V1 (C) –RT(V2 – V1) (D) Zero
127. At 298 K the equilibrium constant of the process P  Q is ______. The standard enthalpy change and standard entropy change of the process
are –54.07 KJ mol–1 and 10 KJ mol–1 respectively.
(A) 5 (B) 95 (C) 10 (D) 100
128. If 2 moles of an ideal gas expand from 2 liters to 20 liters at 27°C, the entropy change will be ______. (R = 2 calories/mole K)
(A) 92.1 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 9.2
129. Standard entropy of A2, B2 and AB3 are 60, 40 and 50 kJ mol–1 respectively. At what temperature will the following process be in
equilibrium?
A2 + B2 AB3, ∆H = –30 KJ
(A) 500 K (B) 750 K (C) 1000 K (D) 1250 K
130. Find the entropy change involved in converting 1 kg of ice at 273 K to water vapour (steam) at 383 K. (Specific heat of water (liquid) and
water vapour (steam) 4.2 kJ K–1 kg–1 and 2.0 kJ K–1 kg–1 Heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of water are 334 kJ kg–1 and 2491 kJ kg–1
respectively) (log 273 = 2.436, log 3732.572, log 383 = 2583)
(A) 7.90 kJ kg–1 K–1 (B) 2.64 kJ kg–1 K–1 (C) 8.49 kJ kg–1 K–1 (D) 9.26 kJ kg–1 K–1
131. When 3 moles of an ideal gas undergo isothermal and reversible expansion at 27°C, the volume of the gas doubles. So how much is the value
of the work done?
(A) + 8157 joules (B) – 5187 joules (C) – 5871 joules (D) + 8751 joules
132. For the reaction at 298 K, 2A + B → C. ∆H = 400 kJ mol–1 and ∆S = 0.2 kJ mol–1 K–1. The reaction will become spontaneous
above________ K.
(A) 1000 (B) 2000 (C) 3000 (D) 4000
133. Which of the given equlations is not a correct representation of the first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas ? (Assume that work is zero)
(A) Cyclic process : q = –W (B) isothermal process : q = –W
(C) Adabatic process : ∆U = –W (D) Isochoric process : ∆U = q
134. Enthalpy of combustion at 25 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure is given below.
Substance H2 C (graphite) C2H6(g)

Dc H K – 286.0 – 394.0 – 1560.0

kJ / mol

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 So, find the enthalpy of formation of ethane.
(A) + 54.0 kJ / mol (B) – 68.0 kJ / mol (C) – 86.0 kJ / mol (D) + 97.0 kJ / mol
135. Reaction enthalpy change does not depend on ________ .
(A) State of reactant and product (B) Nature of reactant and product
(C) Process various intermediates (D) Initial and final enthalpy change of the process
136. What is the unit of entropy?
(A) J mol–1 (B) JK mol–1 (C) J mol–1 K–1 (D) J–1K–1 mol–1
137. Connect List-I with List-II
List-I List-II

(A) Spontaneous process (i) ∆H < 0

(B) ∆P = 0, ∆T = 0 with process (ii) ∆GT.P < 0

(C) ∆Hreaction (iii) Isothermal and isotonic process

(D) Exothermic Process (iv) [Bond energies of reactant atoms] -

[Bond energies of product atoms]
Choose the correct answer from the option given below.
(A) (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I) (B) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
(C) (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV) (D) (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
138. Calculate the change in internal energy for a isolated system at constant volume.
139. The lattice enthalpy of NaCl(s) is 788 kJ mol–1. And the hydration enthalpy of NaCl(s) is – 784 K joule mol–1 then enthalpy of solution of NaCl
is _________
(A) 4 KJ mol–1 (B) – 4 KJ mol–1 (C) – 1572 KJ mol–1 (D) 1572 KJ mol–1
140. Enthalpy of combustion at 25°C and 1 atmosphere pressure is given in the table below.
Substance H2 C (Graphite) C2H6(g)
–286.0 –394.0 –1560.0

So, find the enthalpy of formation of ethane.

(A) + 54.0 kJ mol–1 (B) – 68.0 kJ mol–1 (C) – 86.0 kJ mol–1 (D) + 97.0 kJ mol–1
141. If the system neither gains nor loses heat during the transformation from one state to another, the process is called _______
(A) Isothermal process (B) Adiabatic process
(C) Isobaric process (D) Thermal reversal process
142. ΔH for endothermic reaction ________
(A) Zero (B) Positive (C) Negative (D) Constant
143. What will be the ΔH – ΔU value for the process when carbon monoxide is formed from its constituent elements at 298 K?
(A) – 0.5 RT (B) 0.5 RT (C) – RT (D) + RT
144. ∆ H = 200 J mol–1 and ∆S = 40 J K–1 mol–1 for a particular reaction, what is the minimum temperature at which the reaction will be
spontanecus?
(A) 5 K (B) 4 K (C) 20 K (D) 2 K
145. ________ is the state function.
(A) internal Energy (B) Irreversible expansion function
(C) Reverse expansion function (D) All of the given

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146. The pressure-volume function for an ideal gas can be calculated using the formula w = – Work can also be calculated by pV-graph

using the area under the curve within certain limits when an ideal gas is compressed (a) reversibly or (b) irreversibly from Vi to Vf Select the
correct option :
(A) w (reversible) = w (irreversible) (B) w (reversible) < w (irreversible)
(C) w (reversible) > w (irreversible) (D) w (reversible) = w (nonreversible) + pex∆V
147. The energy of a isolated system remains constant. This sentence is from the first law of thermodynamics.
148. Choose the correct option for free expansion of and ideal gas under adiabatic condition from the following :
(A) q ≠ 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0 (B) q = 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0
(C) q = 0, ∆T < 0, w ≠ 0 (D) q = 0, ∆T ≠ 0, w = 0
149. What is system?
150. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the zeroth law of thermodynamics.
151. When 1 mole of gas is allowed to diffuse freely in vacuum, how many ______ joules will be the work done during the process.
(A) 5.3 (B) 2.3 (C) 0 (D) 6.3
152. According to French scientist Lavoisier, element is made up of different atoms.
153. In a process, 701 J of heat is absorbed by a system and 394 J of work is done by the system. What is the change in internal energy for the
process ?
154. If the value of Kc for a process is 7.105 × 10–5, what will be the change in its free energy?
(A) ∆G < 0 (B) ∆G = 0 (C) ∆G = 1 (D) ∆G > 0
155. What will be the difference between ∆H and ∆U(∆H – ∆U) when one mole of heptane(I) is combusted at temperature T?
(A) –4RT (B) –3RT (C) 4RT (D) 3RT
156. How does the internal energy (U) of the system change?
157. Define standard enthalpy of combustion.
158. Find the pair of graphs for an ideal gas that does not show isothermal expansion.
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(A) B and D (B) A and C (C) B and C (D) A and D

159. Which of the following formula is correct for Gibbs free energy (G)?
(A) G = H + TS (B) G = TS – H (C) G = H – TS (D) G = H – T

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160. Difference between heats of process at constant pressure and constant volume for the process 2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) in kJ
at 25°C _______
(A) –7.43 (B) +3.72 (C) –3.72 (D) +7.43
161. Density is a derived unit.
162. C(graphite)→ C(Diamond) ∆S For this conversion _________
(A) Zero (B) Positive (C) Negative (D) Unknown
163. Statement (A) : Crystallization of a liquid into a solid decreases its entropy.
Reason (R) : The arrangement of atoms in a crystal is regularly ordered.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true, but R is false.
(D) A is false, but R is true.
164. At a fixed temperature T, for the endothermic process A → B is complete so the entropy change is _______
(A) ΔS = 0 (B) ΔS < 0 (C) ΔS > 0 (D) Can not decide
165. The enthalpy change for the process N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) at 298 K is – 92.38 KJ so 298K is _______ KJ.
(A) –78.43 (B) –87.43 (C) –97.23 (D) –7.41
166. At a constant external pressure of 4Nm–2, an ideal gas is isothermally compressed from 5 m3 to 1 m3. The heat released in this reaction is used
to heat 1 mole of A1. If the molar heat capacity of A1 is 24 J mol–1K–1, how much will its temperature rise?
(A) K (B) 2K (C) K (D) 1K

167. Combustion of one mole of methanol in the presence of O2 produces 723 KJ mole–1 of heat. If one mole of O2 is consumed during this
process, ______ KJ heat will be produced?
(A) 723 (B) 924 (C) 482 (D) 241
168. For H2O(l)  H2O(g) at atmospheric and at 373 K the equilibrium of the reaction is _____
(A) Change in standard free energy is equal to zero.(ΔG°)
(B) The free energy change becomes zero. (ΔG = 0)
(C) The free energy change is less than zero (ΔG<0).
(D) The free energy change is greater than zero. (ΔG>0)
169. Find the correct statement from the following.
(A) Both ∆S and S are functions of temperature.
(B) Both S and ∆S are not functions of temperature.
(C) S is not a function of temperature, but ∆S is a function of temperature.
(D) S is a function of temperature, but ∆S is not a function of temperature.
170. The volume of an ideal gas under atmospheric external pressure changes from 250 cm3 to 500 cm3. If 10 joules of heat are added to the
surrounding during this process, what is the change in the internal energy of the system?
(A) – 35.32 joules (B) – 15.32 joules (C) 15.32 joules (D) 35.32 joules
171. Write the symbolic form of the first law of thermodynamics.
172. Entropy _________ when two gases mix
(A) Remains constant (B) Decreases (C) Increases (D) Will be zero
173. Enthalpy change is shown for the following reaction.
Cl2(g) → 2Cl(g), ∆H = 242.3 kJ mol–1
I2(g) → 2I(g), ∆H = 1511 kJ mol–1
ICl(g) → I(g) + Cl(g), ∆H = 211.3 kJ mol–1
I2(s) → I2(g), ∆H = 62.76 kJ mol–1
I2(s) and Cl2(g) are standard forms the heat of formation of ICl is _________ kJ mol–1.
(A) –14.6 (B) –16.8 (C) 16.8 (D) 244.8

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174. Two liters of an ideal gas expanded isothermally in a vacuum at a pressure of 1.0 atmospheres until the volume is 10 liters. How much heat
will be absorbed? And how much work has been done in this expansion?
175. For 977°C CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g), ∆H = 174 KJ/mol. So ΔU = _______ KJ
(A) 160 (B) 163.6 (C) 186.4 (D) 180
176. Water always flows spontaneously from a higher surface to a lower surface. Which of the following statements is correct for this event?
(A) Free energy increases. (B) Entropy decreases.
(C) Free energy decreases. (D) Entropy increases
177. The pressure of a sample of gas isothermally changes from Pi to Pf then ∆S = _________ .
(A) ∆S = nR ln (B) ∆S = nRT ln (C) ∆S = RT ln (D) ∆S = nR ln

178. If the change in Gibbs free energy is ________, the process will be spontaneous.
179. For given reaction Dry ice → CO2(g) for,
(A) ∆H Positive, ∆P Positive. (B) ∆H Positive, ∆P Negative.
(C) ∆H and ∆P both Negative. (D) ∆H Negative, ∆P Positive.
180. For a given chemical reaction X Y, the standard reaction Gibbs energy depends on the temperature T (in K) as follows. ∆fG° (in kJ mol–1) =
120 – T. So, what is the major component of the reaction mixture at temperature T?
(A) Y if T = 300 K (B) Y if T = 280 K (C) X if T = 350 K (D) X if T = 315 K
181. A well stoppered thermos flask contains some ice cubes ? this is an example.
(A) Closed system (B) Open system
(C) Isolated system (D) Non-thermal system
182. Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) Used to determine heat change
(ii) Whose value is independent of path.
(iii) Used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) Whose value depends on temperature only.
183. If the value of standard heat of combustion of ethane is –1564.5 kJ mol–1, what will be the value of standard heat of formation of ethane? The
standard enthalpy of formation (heat) of CO2(g) and H2O is – 395 and – 286 K. Joule mol–1
(A) –83.5 K. Joule mol–1 (B) –108.5 K. Joule mol–1
(C) –167 K. Joule mol –1 (D) –123 K. Joule mol–1
184. For reaction, CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g) at 1000 K the partial pressure of CO2 is 0.003 atm. If the standard free energy change of the
process is +27.2 k calories, what will be the free energy change of the process?
(A) 12.6 K. Cals (B) 15.6 K. Cals
(C) 13.4 K. Cals (D) 14.2 K. Cals
185. Enthalpy is a state function and extensive property.
186. In which of the following cases is the change in entropy negative?
(A) Evaporation of water
(B) Expansion of one mole of gas at constant temperature
(C) Sublimation of solid into gas
(D) 2H(g) → H2(g)
187. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are:
(i) unity
(ii) zero
(iii) < 0
(iv) different for each element
188. Find the correct statement among the following statements.
(A) Both S and ∆S are not functions of temperature.
(B) S is not a function of temperature, but ∆S is a function of temperature.
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 (C) Both ∆S and S are functions of temperature.
(D) S is a function of temperature, but ∆S is not a function of temperature.
189. Which of the following graphs for a diatomic ideal gas in a closed system does not describe the correct relationship between various
parameters of thermodynamics?
(A) (B) (C) (D)

190. If the bond enthalpies of C – Н, С – C, C = C and H – H at 298 K are 414, 347, 615 and 434 kJ mol–1 respectively, what will be the enthalpy
change of the following reaction at the same temperature?
CH2 = CH2(g) + H2(g) → CH3 – CH3(g)
(A) 250 KJ (B) – 250 KJ (C) 125 KJ (D) – 125 KJ
191. 2 moles of an ideal gas are reversibly expanded from 2 L to 20 L at 27° C temperature the change in entropy_________ Cal/ k (R = 2 cal/mol
K)
(A) 92.1 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) 9.2
192. Which one of the following is correct relationship between Cp and Cv for one mole of an ideal gas?
(A) Cp + Cv = R (B) Cp – Cv = R (C) Cp = R Cv (D) Cv = R Cp
193. Given bound energies,
H – H Bond energy = 431.37 kJ mol–1
C = C Bond energy = 606.10 kJ mol–1
C – C Bond energy = 336.49 kJ mol–1
C – H Bond energy = 410.50 kJ mol–1
then find out enthalpy of reaction = _________ .

(A) –243.6 kJ mol–1 (B) –120.0 kJ mol–1 (C) 553.0 kJ mol–1 (D) 1523.6 kJ mol–1
194. Which functions are state functions? Why?
195. The correct relationship between the standard free energy change and the equilibrium constant is _______
(A) ∆Go = RTlnK (B) K = (C) ∆Go = – RTlogK (D) K =
196. Match the following factors with details for spontaneity.
D (factors) Description
DrH K D r SK DrG K

(A) (+) (–) (+) (1) Non-spontaneous at high temperatures

(B) (–) (–) (+) (at high T) (2) Spontaneous at all temperatures
(C) (–) (+) (–) (3) Non- spontaneous at all temperatures

197. 5 moles of an ideal gas at 100 K are allowed to undergo reversible compression until the temperature reaches 200 K. If CV = 28 J K–1 mol–1,
find ∆U and ∆pV for this process. (R = 8.0 J K–1 mol–1)
(A) ∆U = 14 kJ; ∆(pV) = 18 kJ (B) ∆U = 14 kJ; ∆(pV) = 0.8 kJ
(C) ∆U = 14 kJ; ∆(pV) = 4 kJ (D) ∆U = 14 kJ; ∆(pV) = 8.0 kJ
198. Match the following

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 Column I Column II
(A) Isothermal Process (P) dp= 0
(B) Adiabatic Process (Q) dT = 0
(C) Isovolumetric process (R) dp =0
(D) Isobaric process (S) dV=0

199. ________ is a process in which there is no transfer of heat between the system and the surrounding.
200. The activation energy for an exothermic reaction is Ea kJ mol–1 and the heat of reaction is ∆H kJ mol–1,
then the minimum value of Ea will be _________ .
(A) Less than ∆H (B) equal to ∆H (C) More than ∆H (D) zero
201. Combustion of benzene (I) yields CO2(g) and H2O(l). The heat of combustion of benzene at 25°C and constant volume is –3263.9 kJ mol–1.
What will be the heat of combustion (in kJ mol–1) of benzene at constant pressure?
(R = 8.314 kJ mol–1)
(A) –452.46 (B) 3260 (C) –3267.6 (D) 4152.6
202. The standard molar heats of formation of ethane, CO2 and water (l) are –21.1, –94.1, and –68.3 kcal, respectively. The standard molar heat of
combustion of ethane will be ________ kcal.
(A) – 372 (B) 162 (C) – 240 (D) 183.5
203. The atomization enthalpy of Br2(l) is x kJ/mol and the closure enthalpy for Br2 is y kJ/mol. The relationship between them is:
(A) x = y (B) x < y (C) does not exist. (D) x > y
204. If a gas expands to 0.15 L under constant external pressure of 2 bar at temperature 300K under isothermal conditions, what will be the work
done by the gas? (Given IL bar = 100 J.)
(A) –30J (B) 5KJ (C) 25KJ (D) 30J
205. State function is _________
(A) useful in thermochemistry
(B) Follows every law of thermodynamics.
(C) A function whose value depends only on the state of the system.
(D) function by which heat change can be measured.
206. Change in internal energy ______
(A) Increases with increasing temperature (B) Decrease with increasing temperature
(C) Can be calculated by E = mc2 (D) Remain constant with temperature.
207. What is the value of ΔG for ice at 298 K?
(A) –ve (B) 0 (C) +ve (D) None
208. The enthalpy of combustion of C(s)H2(g) and CH4(g)are –94, –68 and –213 Kcal/mol respectively So C(s) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g) Enthalpy of above
reaction _________ .
(A) –17 K Cal (B) –111 K Cal (C) –170 K Cal (D) –85 K Cal
209. Exothermic processes in which the enthalpy change is ________ for the heat generated during the process.
210. Give an example of what extensive properties
211. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l), at constant temperature, for the process, ΔH – ΔU
(A) + RT (B) – 3RT (C) + 3RT (D) – RT
212. Which of the following is a pair of parameters that represents a path function?
(A) q + w
(B) q
(C) w
(D) H – TS
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 (A) (B) and (C) (B) (B), (C) and (D) (C) (A) and (C) (D) (A), (B) and (C)
213. For which of the following reaction ∆H° and ∆H become equal ?
(A) N2(g) + O3(g) → N2O3(g) (B) CH4(g) + 2Cl2(g) → CH2CL2(l) + 2HCl(g)
(C) Xe(g) + 2F2(g) → XeF4(g) (D) 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g)
214. In which process will the entropy change be positive?
(A) H2(g) + l2(g)  2Hl(g) (B) HCl(g) + NH3(g)  NH4Cl(s)
(C) NH4NO3(s)  N2O(g) + 2H2O(g) (D) MgO2(s) + H2(g)  Mg(s) + H2O(l)
215. Which of the following has a negative entropy difference ?
(A) Evapouration of water (B) Explansion of a gas at constant Temp.
(C) Sublimation of Solid into gas (D) 2H(g) → H2(g)
216. Find the value of enthalpy of combustion of benzene based on the information given below:
(i) 6C(s) + 3H2(g) → C6H6(l), ∆H = 49 K. Joule
(ii) H2(g) + O2(g) → H2IO(g), ∆H = –285.8 K. Joule
(iii) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g), ∆H = –389.3 K. Joule
(A) –1621.1 K. Joule mol–1 (B) +3242.2 K. Joule mol–1
(C) –3242.2 K. Joule mol –1 (D) 1621.1 K. Joule mol–1
217. There is no exchange of heat between the system and the surrounding in the isothermal process. Select one of the following for the free
expansion of an ideal gas under ideal conditions:
(A) q = 0, ∆T ≠ 0, w = 0 (B) q ≠ 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0
(C) q = 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0 (D) q = 0, ∆T < 0, w ≠ 0
218. For spontaneously process -----------
(A) ΔS should be negative (B) (ΔH – ΔS) should be negative
(C) (ΔH – ΔS) should be positive (D) ΔH should be negative
219. The enthalpy change of water to gas at 27o is 30 KJ/mol. So its change in entropy is _______ J/mol K.
(A) 100 (B) 10 (C) 1 (D) 0.1
220. What is true about adiabatic process?
(A) Δp=0 (B) Δv = 0 (C) Δq=0 (D) ΔT=0
221. Isothermal process is experienced through _______ system.
(A) Open (B) Association (C) Isolated (D) None of these
222. ________ for the entropy change is negative.
(A) Bromine(l) → Bromine(g) (B) C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)
(C) N2(g, 1 atm) → N2(g, 10 atm) (D) Fe (400 K) → Fe (300 K)
223. For reaction C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) at constant temperature ∆H – ∆U = _________ .
(A) RT (B) –3RT (C) 3RT (D) –RT
224. One mole of a monoatomic gas is modified as shown in the diagram. Amount of work done (by or on the system) _________ J

(Given log 2 = 0.3, ln 10 = 2.3)

(A) 620 (B) 220 (C) 330 (D) 440
225. How much ΔH – ΔU is required for the process of formation of carbon monoxide at 798 K?
(A) – 1238.78 joule mol–1 (B) 1238.78 joule mol–1
(C) – 2477.57 joule mol –1 (D) 2477.57 joule mol–1

Page No.: 17
226. Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only.
227. For which of the following process ∆So is highest?
(A) CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) (B) Ca(s) + O2(g) → CaO(s)
(C) C(s) + O2(g) CO2(s) (D) N2(g) + O2g → 2NO(g)
228. For the process to occur under adiabatic conditions, the correct condition is:
(i) ∆T = 0
(ii) ∆p = 0
(iii) q = 0
(iv) w = 0
229. Under what circumstances does the process take place automatically?
(A) ∆H > 0, ∆S < 0 (B) ∆S > 0, ∆H > 0 (C) ∆H < 0, ∆S > 0 (D) ∆H = 0, ∆S > 0
230. Which of the following relations is true?
(A) ∆U = q + p∆V
(B) ∆G = ∆H – T∆S
(C) ∆S =
(D) ∆H = ∆U – ∆nRT
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(A) C and D only (B) B and C only (C) A and B only (D) B and D only
231. In a ________ system there is no exchange of matter but energy is exchanged between the system and the surrounding.
232. What is isolated system?
233. The entropy change in Jk–1 ml–1 when 1 mole of ice is coverted into water at 0° C
(∆fus H° H2O = 6 kJ mol–1)
(A) 20.13 (B) 2.013 (C) 2.198 (D) 21.98
234. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethanol based on the following information:
(i) H2(g)+ O2(g) → H2O(g), ∆H = – 241.8 K. Joule mol–1
(ii) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g), ∆H = – 393.5 K. Joule mol–1
(iii) C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l), ∆H = – 1234.7 K. Joule mol–1
(A) –2747.1 K. Joule mol–1 (B) –277.7 K. Joule mol–1
(C) 277.7 K. Joule mol –1 (D) 2747.1 K. Joule mol–1
235. In which process does entropy decrease?
(A) Melting of ice (B) Crystallization of sucrose from solution
(C) Corrosion of iron (D) Sublimation of camphor
236. A process in which the change in entropy is negative is:
(A) CaSO4(s) dissociation of CaO(s) into SO3(g). (B) Subtimation of dry ice
(C) Dissolution of iodine in water (D) Synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2
237. If the equilibrium concentration for the reaction A + B C + D are 3, 5, 10 and 15 mol L–1 respectively, then at 300 K Temperature ∆°G =
_________
(A) 13.81 (B) –1381.8 (C) –138.18 (D) 1391.6
238. Reactant in exothermic process _______
(A) has the same energy as the product. (B) has less energy than the product.
(C) has more energy than the product. (D) occurs at a higher temperature than the product.
239. Standard enthalpies of formation for CO2(g), H2O(l) and glucose at 25° C are –100, –300 and –1300 kJ mol–1 respectively, then the heat of
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 combustion of glucose per gram _________.
(A) 2900 kJ (B) –2900 kJ (C) –16.11 kJ (D) 16.11 kJ
240. ΔU° of combustion of methane is –X kJ mol–1. The value of DH6 is
(i) = ΔU°
(ii) > ΔU°
(iii) < ΔU°
(iv) = 0
241. Heat capacity and enthalpy are examples of intensive properties.
242. Given Equilibrium,
2H2O H3O+ + OH – At 298 K temperature ∆°G Value ___________ .
(A) –80 kJ mol–1 (B) –100 kJ mol–1 (C) –100 kJ mol–1 (D) –80 kJ mol–1
243. The reaction will be spontaneous at every temperature if...
(A) ∆H < 0 and ∆S < 0 (B) ∆H > 0 and ∆S < 0 (C) ∆H < 0 and ∆S > 0 (D) ∆H > 0 and ∆S > 0
244. An open system is one in which only energy is automatically exchanged between the system and the surrounding.
245. The following reaction is carried out at 298 K.
2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g)
The standard free energy of formation of NO(g) is 86.6 kJ/mol at 298 K. What is the standard free energy of formation of NO2(g) at 298 K?
(Kp = 1.6 × 1012)m
(A) R(298) in (1.6 × 1012)– 86600 (B) 86600 + R(298) in (1.6 × 1012)
(C) 86600 – (D) 0.5 [2 × 86,600 – R(298) In (1.6 × 1012)]

246. If the enthalpy of formation of ammonia is − 45 kJ mol–1 and the values of H – H and N – H bond enthalpy are 435 kJ mol–1 and 390 kJ mol–1
respectively, then what will be the value of N ≡ N bond enthalpy?
(A) – 872.5 KJ mol–1 (B) –945 KJ mol–1 (C) 872.5 KJ mol–1 (D) 945 KJ mol–1
247. Combine the following reaction with entropy change:
Reaction Entropy change
(A) Evaporation of liquids (1) ΔS = 0
(B) At all temperatures the reaction is non-spontaneous and ΔH positive (2) ΔS = positive
(C) A reversible expansion of an ideal gas (3) ΔS = negative

248. Statement (A) : The process of combustion of all organic compounds is exothermic.
Reason (R) : All elements in standard condition Enthalpy is zero.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true, but R is false.
(D) A is false, but R is true.
249. Given below are two statements, one labeled as statement A, the other is labeled with reason R.
Statement A : Reduction of metal is easy, if the metal is formed in liquid state instead of solid state.
Reason R : the value of ∆Go will go more negative side, because, the value of entropy in liquid state is higher than in solid state.
Select the correct answer from the given options with respect to the above statements.
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true, but R is false.
(D) A is not true, but R is true.
250. Which of the following is correct for the free expansion of an ideal gas at Equilibrium ?

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(A) q = 0, ∆T ≠ 0, W = 0 (B) q ≠ 0, ∆T ≠ 0, W = 0
(C) q = 0, ∆T = 0, W = 0 (D) q = 0, ∆T < 0, W ≠ 0

Page No.: 20
 VISHWABHARTI GIRLS
INTERNATIONAL
Date : 29/03/2025 SCHOOL Chapter : 5
Time : 3 hours Std 11 : Chemistry Total Marks : 250

Answer Key

Section A
Write the answer of the following questions : (Each carries 1 Mark) [250]

1. The enthalpy change for the transformation of Cl2(g) to Cl –(aq) is (–) _______ kJ/mol. (nearest integer)
(Ddissociation HKCl2(g) = 240 kJ / mol, DElectron gain HKCl(g) = – 350 kJ / mol, DHydration HKCl–(g) = – 380 kJ / mol) (to nearest integer)
 Ans. (A)
 610
2. The values of enthalpy of combustion of graphite and diamond are –393.5 kJ mol–1 and –395.4 kJ mol–1 respectively. Calculate the enthalpy
change in the process if 1 mole of graphite is converted to 1 mole of diamond.
 Ans. (C)
 1.9 K. Joule mol–1
3. Mixing two gases results in ΔH = 0. Explain whether the diffusion of these gases into each other in a closed vessel is a spontaneous process or
not.
 ΔH = 0 when two gases mix with each other. Hence this process is called spontaneous as no energy is involved in this process. But as the
randomness increases, the order becomes consistent with the process.
4. Combustion enthalpy of benzene (I) and acetylene (g) at 25°C and 1 atm pressure are – 3268 kJ mol–1 and – 1300 kJ mol–1 respectively. Find
the enthalpy change for the reaction. 3C2H2(g) → C6H6(I)
 Ans. (C)
 – 632 kJ mol–1
 I C6H6(l) + O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) ∆H1 = –3268 kJ/mol
II. C2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + H2O(g) ∆H2 = –1300 kJ/mol
III. 3C2H2(g) → C6H6(l) ∆H3
Total constant energy according to Hess’s law
∆H3 = 3 × ∆H2 – ∆H1
= 3 × (–1300) – (–3268) = –632 kJ/mol
5. Capacity of work when entropy is high_________
 Ans. (A)
 Maximum
6. The work done by the system is 8 J. Change in internal energy of the system during the process when 40 J of heat is passed is _____ J
 Ans. (A)
 32
 DU = q + w = 40 – 8 = 32 J

7. Expansion of gas in vacuum is called ________ .

 free expansion

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8. Which of the following formulas represent the first law of thermodynamics?
 Ans. (C)
 ∆E=q+W
9. When 1 Mole of a gas is heated at a constant volume the temperature rises from 298 K to 308 K.
If the heat given is 500J. Which of the following statements is correct ?
 Ans. (A)
 q = W = 500 J, ∆U = 0
10. Given reaction X2O4(l) → 2XO2(g), U = 2.1 K⋅Cal and ∆S = 20 Cal/k at 300 K then ∆G = _______
 Ans. (C)
 –2.7 K Cal
 X2 O4(l) → 2XO2(g); ∆n(g) = 2 – O = 2
∆H = ∆U + ∆n(g) RT

= 2.1 + 2 × 2 × 10–3 × 300

= 3.3 K Cal
∆ G = ∆ H – T∆ s
= 3.3 – 300 (20 × 10–3)
∆G = –2.7 K Cal

11. The value of q is taken to be positive if the system gains heat and the value of q is taken to be negative if the system loses heat.


12. For CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) _______

 Ans. (B)
 ΔH < ΔU
13. If two moles of an ideal gas are spontaneously expanded in vacuum, the work done is ____ Joule.
 Ans. (A)
 0
14. If ∆Go > 0 for process ________
 Ans. (B)
 Kp < 1
15. Cp = 23 + 0.01 T for silver. If the temperature of 3 Moles of Silver is raised from 300K to 100 K at 1 atm pressure, the approximate value of
∆H _________

 Ans. (D)
 62 kJ

∆H = n dT

=3× (23 + 0.01 T) dT

= 3 [23(1000 – 300) + (10002 – 3002)]
= 61950 J
= 62 kJ
16. At 298 K temperature C – H, C – C, C = C value of H – H bond enthalpy is 414, 347, 615 and 434 kJ mol–1 respectively, then what will be the
value of enthalpy of hydrogenation reaction of ethene?
 Ans. (D)
Page No.: 2
 125 KJ


∆ rH = –
= {4(414) + 434 + 615} – {6(414) + 347}
= 2705 – 2831
= 126 KJ
17. The enthalpy of formation of ethane (C2H6) from ethylene by addition of hydrogen where the bond-energies of C – H, C – C, C = C, H – H are
414 kJ, 347 kJ, 615 kJ and 435 kJ respectively is ________ kJ.
 Ans. (B)
 –125 kJ
18. What is a spontaneous process?
 A spontaneous process is an irreversible process and cannot be reversed except by an external agency.
19. The energy of a ________ system remains constant.
 isolated
20. Write any two limits of thermodynamics.
 No information is available about the speed of the reaction.
 It does not give any information about the mechanism of the reaction, it only relates to the initial and final state of the system.
21. For a process ΔH = 9.08 KJ / mole and ΔS = 35.7 J / mole. So which of the following sentences is correct?
 Ans. (C)
 It occurs automatically and endothermic.
22. What is a closed system?
 A system in which energy is exchanged between it and its surrounding but no matter is exchanged is called a closed system.
23. If enthalpy of formation of C2H4(g), CO2(g) and H2O(l) are 52, –394 and 286 kJ mol–1 at 25oC and 1 atm pressure then enthalpy of combustion
of C2H4(g) is _______ kJ mol–1
 Ans. (B)
 – 1412
24. Given N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g); DH0 = –92.4 kJ mol–1 What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?
 N2(g) + H2(g) → NH3(g)
Df H 6 = = –46.2 kJ / mol
25. The molar heat capacity of water at constant pressure is 75 JK–1 mol–1. Increase in temperature of water when 1 KJ of heat is applied to 100 g
of water when water is in free diffusion is ________ .
 Ans. (C)
 2.4
 q = n. Cp . ∆T
1000 = × 75 × DT
∆T = = 2.4 K
26. The work done during reversible isothermal expansion of one mole of hydrogen gas at 25° C from pressure of 20 atmosphere to 10 atmosphere
is : (Given R = 2.0 cal K–1 mol–1)

Page No.: 3
 Ans. (A)
 –413.14 calories
27. Cyanide NH2CN(s) and oxygen are reacted in a bomb calorimeter and DU is found to be 742.24 kJ/mol, then for the given process,
NH2CN(s) + O2(g) → N2(g) + O2(g) + H2O(l)
The amount of DH is _______ kJ. (to the nearest integer) (assuming ideal gases R = 8.314 J/mol K)
 Ans. (B)
 741
28. Match List I with List II.
List I (Process) List II (Conditions)
A Isothermal process I No heat exchange
B Isochoric process II Carried out at constant temperature
C Isobaric process iii Carried out at constant volume
D Adiabatic process iv Carried out at constant pressure
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
 Ans. (C)
 A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
29. Given (i) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH0 = x kJ mol–1
(ii) C (graphite) + 1/2O2(g) → CO(g); ∆rH0 = y kJ mol–1
(iii) CO(g) + 1/2O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆fH0 = z kJ mol–1
Based on the above thermochemical equations, which of the following algebraic relations is correct?
 Ans. (A)
 x=y+z
 Equation (i) can be obtained by solving equation (ii) and equation (iii).
C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO(g); ∆H01 = y kJ mol–1 ...(ii)
CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆fH02 = z kJ mol–1 ...(iii)
 C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆H03 = x kJ mol–1 ...(i)
 ∆H03 = ∆H01 + ∆H02
x=y+z
30. If Activation energy of forward and backward reaction are equal _________ .
 Ans. (A)
 ∆H = 0

31. Decomposition enthalpy of iodine at 200°C is 24 cal g–1. If the specific heats of l2(g) and l2(vap) are 0.055 and 0.031 cal g1K–1, respectively,
calculate the enthalpy of decomposition of iodine at 250°C in cal g–1.
 Ans. (C)
 22.8
 l2(s) → l2(g)
Heat of reaction is temperature dependent, so it will change with temperature. (According to Kirchhoff’s equation)
∆HT2 = ∆HT1 + ∆C pdT

where ∆CP = CP of product -CP of reactant

∴ ∆CP = 0.031 – 0.055 = –0.024 cal/g
Now, ∆HT2 – ∆HT1 = ∆CP (T2 – T1)
∆H(250) – ∆H(200) = –0.024 (523–473)

Page No.: 4
 ∆H(250) = 24 – 50 × 0.024 = 22.8 cal/g

32. Thermodynamics is not related with _____

 Ans. (C)
 Rate of the reaction
33. State the characteristic of reversible process.
 At each microscopic stage in the reversible process, a equilibrium is established between the system and the environment.
34. What is an open system?
 A system in which the exchange of energy and matter between the surrounding and the system takes place automatically is called an open
system.
35. In an ________ system, mass and energy are exchanged between the system and the surrounding.
 open
36. Sublimation enthalpy of a substance is equal to _______.
 Ans. (A)
 Enthalpy of melting + Enthalpy of vaporization
37. The temperatures of two blocks (blocks) of equal mass of the same metal are T1 and T2 respectively. They are brought into contact with each
other and allowed to attain thermal equilibrium at constant pressure. The change in entropy ∆S for this reaction is...
 Ans. (A)

Cp In

∴ ∆STotal = Cp In + Cp In

= Cp In

38. Match the following

Column I Column II
(E) Zero law of thermodynamics (P) DU = q + w

(F) First law of thermodynamics (Q) The world entropy increases

(G) Second law of thermodynamics (R) Temperature equilibrium between heat
conducting substances.

 (E – R), (F – P), (G – Q)
39. Calculation of entropy change can be done by using the formula ∆s = When water freezes in a glass beaker T, select the correct
statement from the following :
 Ans. (C)
 ΔS (system) decreases, but ΔS (surrounding) increases.
40. To describe the state of a gas, state the relationship between ________
 Ans. (D)
 Pressure, volume, temperature, quantity
41. The temperature of 1 mole of an ideal gas is raised from 0°C to 100°C at constant external pressure. If done, the work done during that time is
________

Page No.: 5
 Ans. (C)
 0 Joules
42. Calculate the standard enthalpy change of the following process :
Na2O(s) + SO3(g) → Na2SO4(s)
(i) Na(s) + H2O(l) → NaOH(s) + H2(g) ∆Ho = – 146 KJ
(ii) Na2SO4 + H2O(l) → 2NaOH(s) + SO3(g) ∆Ho = + 418 KJ
(iii) 2Na2O(s) + 2H2(g) → 4Na(s) + 2H2O(l) ∆Ho = + 259 KJ
 Ans. (B)
 – 581 KJ
43. Entropy decreases in which of the following events?
 Ans. (A)
 Crystallization of salts
44. Which of the following is not true?
 Ans. (B)
 ΔG is positive for spontaneous process.
45. For given reaction Br2(l) + Cl2(g) → 2BrCl(g)
Enthalpy and Entropy Change are 30 kJ mol–1 and 105 J K–1 mol–1at which Tempreature reaction will be equlibrium.
 Ans. (B)
 285.7 K
 For Spontaneous reaction,
∆G = O
∴ ∆ H = T∆ S
∴T= = = 285.7 K
46. The given reaction takes place in an automobile 2C8H18(g) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(g)
The Signs of ∆H, ∆S and ∆G for the above reaction ________ .
 Ans. (B)
 –, +, –
47. Given reaction
C + O2 → CO2, ∆H° = –x kJ
2CO + O2 → 2CO2, ∆H° = –y kJ
So what is the enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide ?
 Ans. (A)


48. Based on the algebraic equations (a), (b) and (c), determine which algebraic relationship is correct among the options (A) to (D)?
(a) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH = x kJ mol–1
(b) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO(g); ∆rH = y kJ mol–1
(c) CO2(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH = z kJ mol–1
 Ans. (C)
 x = (y + z)
49. If the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 10, then the value of ΔG is ________(R = 8 JK–1 mol–1, T = 300 K)
 Ans. (B)
 – 5.527 KJ mol–1
Page No.: 6
 ∆G = –2.303 RT log K

50. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are:

(i) unity
(ii) Zero
(iii) < 0
(iv) different for each element
 Zero
51. Given below are two statements. One is labeled with statement A and the other is labeled with reason R.
Statement A : ∆rG = –nFE The value of ∆r in the Ecell equation depends on n.
Reason R : Ecell is an intensive property and ∆rG is an extensive property.
Select the correct answer from the options given below with reference to the above statements,
 Ans. (A)
 Both A and R are correct and R is not a correct explanation of A.
52. The Standard enthalpy of vapourization of water at 100° C is 40.66 kJ mol–1, So what will be the internal energy of vapourization of water at
100° C in kJ mol–1.
 Ans. (A)
 37.56
53. Assertion(A) : Spontaneous processes are irreversible processes and can be reversed by an external factor.
Reason (R) : Decrease of enthalpy is a useful factor for spontaneity.
 Ans. (B)
 Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A.
54. The bond dissociation-enthalpy (bond-energy) of H2, Cl2 and HCl are 434, 242 and 431 K joule mol–1 respectively. ______ KJ mol–1 is the
formation-enthalpy of HCl?
 Ans. (C)
 – 93
 H2 + Cl2 → HCl
∆fH° = – (HCl)
= – (431)
= 338 – 431
= –93 KJ mol–1
55. If 200 g of water is heated at constant pressure from 10°C to 20°C, what will be the increase in its entropy? (The molar heat capacity of water
at constant pressure is 75.3 joule K–1mol–1.)
 Ans. (A)
 29.0 JK–1

∆S = 2.303 n Cp log

= 2.303 × × 75.3 log

= 29.054 joules K–1
56. What is temperature?
 The average measure of the chaotic motion of the particles in a system is called the temperature.
57. Under isothermal conditions, a gas expands from 0.1 L to 0.25 L against an external pressure of 2 bar at 300 K then the work done by the gas
_________ (1 L bar = 100 J)
 Ans. (A)

Page No.: 7
 –30 J
58. For the reaction, 2Cl(g) → Cl2(g) What are the signs of ΔH and ΔS ?
 2Cl(g) → Cl2(g) is the making bond process. Hence heat is released.
\ DH = –Ve
 2 moles of Cl atoms form one mole of Cl2 atoms. So disorder is reduced.
DS = –Ve

59. Combustion enthalpy of methane and ethane – 210 K. Cal mol–1 and – 368 K. Cal mol–1 respectively. What will be the combustion enthalpy
of decane?
 Ans. (B)
 – 1632 K. Cals
 Combustion heat of ethane = –368 K · Cal mol–1
Combustion heat of methane = –210 K · Cal mol–1
When CH4 become C2H6 there is an increase of one – CH2.
Combustion heat of – CH2 = –210 – (–368)
= 158 K Cal · mol–1.
9 – CH2 is form when decane is formed from methan. So,
Combustion heat of decane
= (9 × 158) + 210
= 1422 + 210
= 1632 K · Cal
It’s combustion heat so – 1632 K · Cal
60. System during the adiabatic process ______
 Ans. (B)
 does not gain or lose energy.
61. For reaction 2Cl(g) → Cl2(g),
 Ans. (C)
 ∆rH < 0 and ∆rS > 0

62. What will be the value of ΔH for the following equation? N2(g) + 3H2 (g)  2NH3(g)
 Ans. (B)
 ΔΕ – 2RT
63. When 100 calories of heat are supplied, the work done by the system is 300 joules. So the change in internal energy during the process is
_________ Joule
 Ans. (D)
 120
 q = 100 cal = 100 × 4.184 J = 418.4 Cal
DU = q + w = 418.4 – 300 = 118.4 J

64. At 27 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure SO2(g) + O2(g)  SO3(g) for reaction is Kp = 2 × 1012. Kc for the same reaction is ........ × 1013. (to the
nearest integer) (Given R = 0.082 L atm K–1 mol–1)
 Ans. (A)
 1
65. The true relationship between the change in free energy of a reaction and the equilibrium constant Kc is __________

Page No.: 8
 Ans. (B)
 –∆Go = RT lnKc
66. If the heat produced during the complete combustion of 1 mole of ethanol by a bomb calorimeter is 1364.47 kJ at 25°C, what will be the
enthalpy of combustion of ethanol? (R = 8.314 joule. K–1 mol–1)
 Ans. (A)
 –1366.95 K. joule. mol–1
 C2H5OH(2) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
∆ng = 2 – 3 = – 1
∆U = –1364.47 Ki. Joules
∆H = ∆U + ∆ngRT
= –1364.47 + (–1) (8.314 10–3) (298)
= –1364.47 – 2.477
= –1366.947 KJ . mol–1
67. A reaction has ∆H = 200 J mol–1 and ∆S = 40 JK–1 mol–1. Which of the following values select the minimum temperature above which the
reaction will occur spontaneously?
 Ans. (C)
 5K
 ∆H = 200 J mol–1
∆S = 40 JK–1 mol–1
For a spontaneuas reaction, ∆G < 0
∆H - T∆S < 0; ∆H < T∆S
< 1; <T
5<T
Its minimum temperature is 3 K.
68. The number of non-spontaneous (non-spontaneous) processes for independent processes at 300 K is:
Process DH kJ / mol DS J /K
a – 25 – 80
b – 22 40
c 25 – 50
d 22 20

 Ans. (B)
 2
69. If standard entropy changes for x2, y2 and xy3 are 60, 40 and 50 J K–1 mol–1.
x2 + y2 y3
If ∆H = –30 kJ for the reaction. What Temperature required to get equilibrium.
 Ans. (A)
 750 K
70. Duting which of the following processes, does entropy decreuse?
(A) Freezing of water to ice at 0°C
(B) Freezing of water to ice at –10°C
(C) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
(D) Adsorption of CO(g) on the lead surface
(E) Dissolution of NaCl in water
Page No.: 9
 Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
 Ans. (A)
 Only (A), (B), (C) and (D)
 (A) Water at ice; ∆S = –ve
(B) Water ice; ∆S = –ve
(C) N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g); ∆S = –ve
(D) adsorption; ∆S = ve
(E) NaCl(s) → Na+(aq) + Cl– (aq); ∆S = +ve
71. The heats of combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are –394 and –285 KJ mol–1 respectively. Then find the heat of formation of CO in
KJ mol–1.
 Ans. (B)
 –109
 C + O2 → CO2 ∆H1 = –394 KJ. mol–1
CO + O2 → CO2 ∆H2 = –285 KJ. mol–1
C + O2 → CO ∆H = (?)
∆ H = ∆ H 1 – ( ∆ H 2)
= –394 – (–285)
= –109 KJ. mol–1
72. What is enthalpy of atomization?
 The enthalpy change required to break the bonds in one mole of a compound to completely transform its molecules into a gaseous state is
called the enthalpy of atomization.
73. A process event is impossible if
 Ans. (D)
 ∆H + ve; ∆S – ve

74. The molar heat capacity of Al is 25 K. Joule mol–1. What is the heat required to raise the temperature of 54 g of Al from 30°C to 50°C? [MAl =
27 g/mol]
 Ans. (C)
 1.0 KJ
 q = nC · ∆T
= × 25 × (50 – 30)
= 1000 J
= 1 KJ
75. Given :
C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = –393.5 kJ mol–1
H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(l); ∆rH° = –285.8 kJ mol–1
CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) → CH4(g) + 2O2(g);
∆rH° = + 890.3 kJ mol–1
What will be the value of ∆rH° at 298 K for the reaction C(graphite) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g) based on the above thermochemical equations?
 Ans. (C)
 – 74.8 kJ mol–1
76. Combustion processes are ________ in nature.
 exothermic

Page No.: 10
77. Calculate considering the above expansion. If the constant external pressure is 1 atm.
 q = –w = pex(8) = 8 lit atm
78. Acetone has lower molar enthalpy of vaporization than water. Why ?
 The amount of heat required to convert one mole of liquid to vapor at constant temperature and standard pressure (1 bar) is called the atomic
heat of vaporization (DvapH0). The standard molar evaporation value of water is higher than that of acetone because stronger H-bonding exists
between H2O molecules.
79. Write the first law of thermodynamics.
 The energy of a isolated system remains constant which is the first law of thermodynamics.
80. The enthalpy of combustion of methane, graphite and dihydrogen at 298 K are, –890.3 kJ mol–1 –393.5 kJ mol–1, and –285.8 kJ mol–1
respectively. Enthalpy of formation of CH4(g) will be
(i) –74.8 kJ mol–1
(ii) –52.27 kJ mol–1
(iii) +74.8 kJ mol–1
(iv) +52.26 kJ mol–1.
 (i) –74.8 kJ mol–1
C + 2H2 → CH4 DH = ?
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
DH16 = –890.3 kJ mol–1
C + O2 → CO2 DH26 = –393.5 kJ mol–1
H2 + O2 → H2O DH36 = –285.8 kJ mol–1
DH16 = (2DH36 + DH26) – DH6CH4
–890.3 = [2(–285.8) + (–393.5)] – DH0CH4
DHCH4 = –74.8 kJ / mol

81. According to the second law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true for an spotaneous? (World/Universe)
 Ans. (A)
 ΔS (world) > 0
82. An ideal gas is expanded from 1 L volume to 10 L volume against a constant external pressure of 1 bar. So calculate the work done in kJ.
 Ans. (C)
 –0.9
 w = –P∆V
= –(1 bar) × (9 L)
= –(105 Pa) × (9 x 10–3) m3 (Because, 1 Pa = 1 N/m2)
= –9 × 102 N, m
= –900 J = –0.9 kJ
83. For given reaction, 2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
At 25° C Temperature and constant pressure & volume Diffn betn heat = _________.
 Ans. (A)
 –7.43
 ∆H – ∆U = ∆ngRT Use this formula

84. Give any two examples of extensive properties.

 Mass and size

Page No.: 11
85. Statement : ∆rG is dependent on n in the equation ∆rG = –nFEcell .
Reason : Ecell is intensive property while ∆rG is Extensive property.
 Ans. (A)
 Both the statement and the reason are true, but the reaction.
86. ∆U equal to :

 Ans. (C)
 Adiabatic work
87. Among the given path function is _________ .
(i) q + w
(ii) q
(iii) w
(iv) H – TS
 Ans. (C)
 (ii) and (iii)
88. For a reaction when it is not possible to calculate the enthalpy experimentally, the enthalpy can be calculated by ________.
 Ans. (B)
 Hess’s law
89. The standard entropy change for the reaction 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) at 298 K is – 550 J/k. At what temperature K will the equilibrium of
the process be established? (Given DHrK = – 165 kJ / mol)
 Ans. (A)
 300
90. What change is 40 ΔH ≠ΔU for?
 Ans. (D)
 N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)
91. If the reaction is Spontuneous, if ........
 Ans. (B)
 T∆S > ∆H and ∆H Positive and ∆S Negative.
92. Work done if 3 moles of an ideal gas spontaneouly expand in vaccum _________
 Ans. (D)
 0
93. How much heat will be produced by treating 2.7 g of aluminum with Fe2O3?
[2Al + Fe2O3 → 2Fe + Al2O3, ∆Ho = – 852 KJ ]
 Ans. (C)
 – 42.6 KJ
 2 mole Al can be used in the reaction
∴ 2 × 27 = 54 gram Al
For 54 gram Al = –852 KJ heat
∴ So, 2.7 gram Al = (?)
= = –42.6 KJ.
94. During a single process the internal energy of the system increases by 240 KJ; Which option is correct when 90 KJ of work is done by the
system?
Page No.: 12
 Ans. (A)
 330 KJ of heat is added to the system from the surroundings.
 DU = q + w
240 = q – 90
q = 240 + 90 = 330 kJ
95. State the condition for a spontaneous process.
 A process for which there is no Gibbs free energy change can be called spontaneous.
96. The enthalpy of vaporization of water is 186.5 KJmol–1. So what will be its entropy of vaporization _______ KJmol–1?
 Ans. (A)
 0.5
 ∆vap S =

=
= 0.5 KJ K–1 · mol–1
97. ∆UK of combustion of methane is – X kJ mol–1. The value of ∆HK is
(i) = ∆UK
(ii) > ∆UK
(iii) < ∆UK
(iv) = 0
 < DU°
 CH4(g) + 2CO2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
\ Dng = –2
\ DH0 < DU°

98. Which of the following is not a state function?

 Ans. (C)
 Work
99. For an isolated system ΔU = 0, what will be ΔS = ?
 ΔU = 0 means the thermal factor plays no part. q = 0 so the reaction is spontaneous.
\ DS > 0
\ DS = positive

100. Explain zeroth law of thermodynamics.

 if two separate systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. In other
words, if two different substances at different temperatures come into contact with a third substance and reach thermal equilibrium with it,
then they will also be in thermal equilibrium with each other.
101. Give any two examples of intensive properties.
 Temperature and pressure
102. A unique system which does not automatically exchange energy or matter between the system and the surrounding.


103. What will be the value of enthalpy of formation of N2H4(g) based on the values of bond enthalpy shown below?
N – N → 159 KJ mol–1
N = N → 418 KJ mol–1
N ≡ N → 941 KJ mol–1
H – H → 436 KJ mol–1
Page No.: 13
 N – H → 389 KJ mol–1
 Ans. (C)
 – 98 KJ mol–1

N ≡ N + 2H – H
∆rH = {941 + 2(436)} – {4(389) + 159}
= 1813 – 1715
= 98 KJ · mol–1
104. The standard reaction Gibbs energy for a chemical reaction at absolute temperature T can be given as, ΔG° = A – BT where A and B are non-
zero variables. Which of the following is true about this reaction?
 Ans. (B)
 Endothermic if A > 0
 ∆G° = A – BT
A and B are constant (not zero)
∴ ∆G° = ∆H° – T∆S° = A – BT
If ∆G° > 0 then the reaction is endothermic.
So, A > 0 and B < 0
105. Given N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g); ∆rHK = –92.4 kJ mol–1 What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3 gas?
 N2(g) + H2(g) → NH3(g)
Df H 6 = = –46.2 kJ / mol
106. State Hess’s law of heat summation.
 If the reaction takes place in different stages then its standard reaction enthalpy of the intermediate stages of the reaction into which the overall
reaction can be divided at the same temperature will be the sum of their enthalpies equal to the standard reaction enthalpy.
107. Values of ΔH and ΔS for evaporation of water at 1 atmosphere pressure are 40.63 KJ/mol and 108.8 J/k mol respectively., then its change in
Gibbs energy (∆G) will be zero at the temperature of _________ K?
 Ans. (C)
 373.4
108. The enthalpy change and entropy change for a certain process is 40.63 kJ mol–1 and 100 JK–1. So what will be the value of ΔG at 27°C?
 Ans. (A)
 10630
 ∆ G = ∆ H – T∆ S
= 40630 – (300) (100)
= 40630 – 30000
= 10,630 J/Mol
109. Which of the following has a non-zero standard enthalpy?
 Ans. (A)
 O2(l)
110. Which of the following statements must be true for one mole of an ideal gas?
(a) U and H each depend on temperature.
(b) The scalability factor is not equal to z = 1.
(c) Cp’m – Cv.m = R
(d) for reaction dU = CvdT
 Ans. (A)
 (a), (c) and (d)
Page No.: 14
 For ideal gas
# U = f(T), H = f(T)
#Z=1
# Cp – Cv = R
# dU = Cv dT
111. For a certain reaction at 300 K, K = 10, then ∆G° for the same reaction is ________ × 10–1 kJ mol–1. (Given R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1)
 Ans. (D)
 –5.744
 ∆G° = –2.303 RT log K
= –2.303 × 8.314 × 300 × log 10
= –5744.14 J ⋅ mol–1
= –5.744 kJ ⋅ mol–1
112. A B + 3C reaction is in equilibrium at 25 °C. If the equilibrium constant is Y and Gibb’s free energy is X for this reaction then, Gibb’s
energy for A B + C reaction.
 Ans. (D)

 A B + 3C
k=
∆Gi = – RT ln k = x

A B + C,
1=

(k1)2 =
∆G°2 = –RT ln k–1
= –RT ln
∆G°2 = – RT ln k =

113. If the atomization enthalpy of Br2(l) is x kJ/mol and the bond enthalpy for Br2 is y kJ/mol, state the relationship between them.
 Ans. (D)
 x>y
 Below the enthalpy of atomization of Br2(l).

∆Hatom ∆Hvap + ∆HBE

x = ∆Hvap + y
So, x > y
114. Given :
(i) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = x kJ mol–1
(ii) C (graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = y kJ mol–1
(iii) CO(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g); ∆rH° = z kJ mol–1
State the correct relationship according to the above thermo chemical equations.
 Ans. (A)
 z=x+y

Page No.: 15
115. For silver, CP(JK–1 mol–1) = 23 + 0.01T. At 1 atmosphere pressure, if the temperature (T) of 3 moles of silver is raised from 300K to 1000K,
the value of ∆H is closest to which of the following?
 Ans. (A)
 62 kJ
 n=3
T1 = 300; T2 = 1000
Cp = 23 + 0.01 T
Relation between ∆H and Cp

∆H = nCpdT ...(i)
Put all constant in equation (1),
∆H = n (23 + 0.01T)dT

=3
= 3[16100 + 4550]
= 3 × 20650 = 61950 J
= 61.95 kJ ≈ 62 kJ
116. Thermodynamics is not related to which subject?
 Ans. (A)
 Speed of the reaction
117. The intermolecular position energy of atoms A, B, C and D given below shows that _______

 Ans. (C)
 A-B is the most dominant (strong) bond.
 From the given gruph, the potential energy of A-B molecule is minimum.
Hence A-B bond is the most permanent.
B → more electronegative
C → lowest electronegative
A-B → shortest bond length
A-B → highest bonding energy
so correct option is C.
118. Consider the following reaction in which the change in enthalpy is positive.
2A(g) + B(g) C(g) + D(g)
Which of the following will not affect equilibrium ?
 Ans. (C)
 Change in Temperature
119. What is the correct option for irreversible expansion of an ideal gas under isothermal conditions?
 Ans. (C)

Page No.: 16
 ∆U = 0, ∆Stotal ≠ 0

120. If the volume of a gas is reduced to half of its original volume, the specific heat ­_______
 Ans. (C)
 will remain constant
121. A direct conversion A to B is complex, So the given path follows up.

∆S(A → C) = 50 e.u.
∆S(C → D) = 30 e.u.
∆S(B → D) = 20 e.u.,
∆S(A → B) = ________ .

 Ans. (B)
 760 e.u.
122. If K < 1 then, ∆°G _________
 Ans. (D)
 Positive
123. PbO2 → PbO; G298 < O
SnO2 → SnO; G298 > O
The most probable Oxidation state of Pb and Sn respectively _________ .
 Ans. (B)
 Pb+4, Sn+2
124. Considering the following reactions, decide which algebraic relation given in options (A) to (D) is correct?
(A) C(g) + 4H(g) → CH4(g); ∆rH = x kJ mol–1
(B) C (graphite, s) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g); ∆rH = y kJ mol–1
 Ans. (C)
 x>y
125. CH4 + O2 → CH3OH the reaction enthalpy is negative If the enthalpy of combustion of CH4 and CH3OH are X and Y respectively find out
correct relation from the given.
 Ans. (A)
 x>y
126. Five moles of an ideal gas at 1 bar and 298 K are expanded in vacuum to double their volume. Work done ________.
 Ans. (D)
 Zero
 Pext increases in absence of vacuum, therefore, W = 0
127. At 298 K the equilibrium constant of the process P  Q is ______. The standard enthalpy change and standard entropy change of the process
are –54.07 KJ mol–1 and 10 KJ mol–1 respectively.
 Ans. (C)
 10
 ∆G° = H° – T∆S°
∆G° = –54.07 × 103 – (298)(10)
∆G° = –54070 – 2980
∆G° = –57050 J · mol–1

Page No.: 17
 ∆G° = –2.303 RT log K
–57050 = –2.303 8.314 298 log K
∴ = log K
∴ log K = 10
K = 1010
128. If 2 moles of an ideal gas expand from 2 liters to 20 liters at 27°C, the entropy change will be ______. (R = 2 calories/mole K)
 Ans. (D)
 9.2
 ∆S = nR ln = 2 × 2 ln
∆S = 9.212 Cal · mol–1 K–1

129. Standard entropy of A2, B2 and AB3 are 60, 40 and 50 kJ mol–1 respectively. At what temperature will the following process be in
equilibrium?
A2 + B2 AB3, ∆H = –30 KJ
 Ans. (B)
 750 K
 ∆S = Sp – Sr
= 50 – {
= 50 – {30 + 60}
= 50 – 90
∆S = – 40 joules mol–1 × kelvin–1

∆ G = ∆ H – T∆ S
0 = (–30 × 103) – T × (–40)
T × 40 = 30 × 103 = = 750 K
130. Find the entropy change involved in converting 1 kg of ice at 273 K to water vapour (steam) at 383 K. (Specific heat of water (liquid) and
water vapour (steam) 4.2 kJ K–1 kg–1 and 2.0 kJ K–1 kg–1 Heat of fusion and heat of vaporization of water are 334 kJ kg–1 and 2491 kJ kg–1
respectively) (log 273 = 2.436, log 3732.572, log 383 = 2583)
 Ans. (D)
 9.26 kJ kg–1 K–1


∆ S1 = = = 1.22
∆S2 = mCIn

= 4.2 × In
= 4.2 × 2.303 × log 373 – log 273
= 4.2 × 2.303 × 2.572 – 2.436 = 1.31
∆ S3 = = = 6.68
∆S4 = mCIn = 2 × In
= 2 × 2.303 × log 383 – log 373
= 2 × 2.303 × 2.583 – 2.572 = 0.05
∴ Total entropy + Change in ∆S = 1.28 + 6.68 + 1.31 + 0.05

Page No.: 18
 = 9.26 kJ kg–1 K–1
131. When 3 moles of an ideal gas undergo isothermal and reversible expansion at 27°C, the volume of the gas doubles. So how much is the value
of the work done?
 Ans. (B)
 – 5187 joules
 Wrev = –2.303n RT log
= –2.303 × 3 × 8.314 × 300 × log
= – 5186.96 joules
132. For the reaction at 298 K, 2A + B → C. ∆H = 400 kJ mol–1 and ∆S = 0.2 kJ mol–1 K–1. The reaction will become spontaneous
above________ K.
 Ans. (B)
 2000
 ∆ G = ∆ H – T∆ S
0 = 400 – T(0.2)
0.2T = 400
T=
= 2000 K
133. Which of the given equlations is not a correct representation of the first law of thermodynamics for an ideal gas ? (Assume that work is zero)
 Ans. (C)
 Adabatic process : ∆U = –W
134. Enthalpy of combustion at 25 °C and 1 atmosphere pressure is given below.
Substance H2 C (graphite) C2H6(g)

Dc H K – 286.0 – 394.0 – 1560.0

kJ / mol
So, find the enthalpy of formation of ethane.
 Ans. (C)
 – 86.0 kJ / mol
135. Reaction enthalpy change does not depend on ________ .
 Ans. (C)
 Process various intermediates
136. What is the unit of entropy?
 Ans. (C)
 J mol–1 K–1
137. Connect List-I with List-II

Page No.: 19
 List-I List-II

(A) Spontaneous process (i) ∆H < 0

(B) ∆P = 0, ∆T = 0 with process (ii) ∆GT.P < 0

(C) ∆Hreaction (iii) Isothermal and isotonic process

(D) Exothermic Process (iv) [Bond energies of reactant atoms] -

[Bond energies of product atoms]
Choose the correct answer from the option given below.
 Ans. (B)
 (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
 The correct pairs are as follows :
(A) Spontaneous process → (II) ∆GT.P < 0 (constant pressure and temperature)
(B) Process with ∆P = 0, ∆T = 0 → (III) Isothermal and isothermal process
(C) ∆Hreaction → (IV) [Bond energy of molecules in reactant - bond energy of product molecules)
(D) Exothermic process → (I) ∆H < 0 So, correct option is B.
138. Calculate the change in internal energy for a isolated system at constant volume.
 Energy is not transferred in the form of heat in a isolated system. So, q = 0 and energy does not change in work form either. So, w = 0 as per
first law of thermodynamics
DU = q + w
DU = 0 + 0 = 0

139. The lattice enthalpy of NaCl(s) is 788 kJ mol–1. And the hydration enthalpy of NaCl(s) is – 784 K joule mol–1 then enthalpy of solution of NaCl
is _________
 Ans. (A)
 4 KJ mol–1
 ∆So, H° = ∆Hlattice H° + ∆hyd H°
= 788 – 784
= 4 KJ · mol–1
140. Enthalpy of combustion at 25°C and 1 atmosphere pressure is given in the table below.
Substance H2 C (Graphite) C2H6(g)
–286.0 –394.0 –1560.0

So, find the enthalpy of formation of ethane.

 Ans. (C)
 – 86.0 kJ mol–1
 C2H6(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)
∆cH (C2H6) = 2∆fH CO2(g) + 3∆fH(H2O, l) – ∆fH (C2H6, g)
– 1560 = 2 (–394) + 3 (–386) – ∆fH(C2H6, g)
∆fH(C2H6, g) = –86 kJ/mole

141. If the system neither gains nor loses heat during the transformation from one state to another, the process is called _______
 Ans. (B)
Page No.: 20
 Adiabatic process
142. ΔH for endothermic reaction ________
 Ans. (B)
 Positive
143. What will be the ΔH – ΔU value for the process when carbon monoxide is formed from its constituent elements at 298 K?
 Ans. (B)
 0.5 RT
 C(s) + O2(g) → CO(g)
∆ng = 1 – =
∆H = ∆U + ∆ngRT
\ ∆H – ∆U = 0.5 RT

144. ∆ H = 200 J mol–1 and ∆S = 40 J K–1 mol–1 for a particular reaction, what is the minimum temperature at which the reaction will be
spontanecus?
 Ans. (A)
 5K
145. ________ is the state function.
 Ans. (A)
 internal Energy
146. The pressure-volume function for an ideal gas can be calculated using the formula w = – Work can also be calculated by pV-graph

using the area under the curve within certain limits when an ideal gas is compressed (a) reversibly or (b) irreversibly from Vi to Vf Select the
correct option :
 Ans. (B)
 w (reversible) < w (irreversible)
147. The energy of a isolated system remains constant. This sentence is from the first law of thermodynamics.


148. Choose the correct option for free expansion of and ideal gas under adiabatic condition from the following :
 Ans. (B)
 q = 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0
149. What is system?
 A system is a very small part of the universe that is separated from the rest of the universe and is experimented with and observed.
150. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the zeroth law of thermodynamics.


151. When 1 mole of gas is allowed to diffuse freely in vacuum, how many ______ joules will be the work done during the process.
 Ans. (C)
 0
152. According to French scientist Lavoisier, element is made up of different atoms.


153. In a process, 701 J of heat is absorbed by a system and 394 J of work is done by the system. What is the change in internal energy for the
process ?
Page No.: 21
 q = + 701 J
w = – 394 J
According to the first law of thermodynamics, ΔU = g + w
= 701 – 394
= 307 J
154. If the value of Kc for a process is 7.105 × 10–5, what will be the change in its free energy?
 Ans. (D)
 ∆G > 0

155. What will be the difference between ∆H and ∆U(∆H – ∆U) when one mole of heptane(I) is combusted at temperature T?
 Ans. (A)
 –4RT
 C7H16(1) + 11O2(g) 7CO2(g) + 8H2O(1)
∆H – ∆U = ∆ngRT
∆ng = Number of moles of product in gaseous state- Number of moles of reactant in gaseous state
Because, ∆ng = –4
∴ ∆H - ∆U = –4RT

156. How does the internal energy (U) of the system change?
 The internal energy (U) of the system changes under the following conditions
 When a system gains or loses heat
 When work done on or by the system
 When matter is exchanged
157. Define standard enthalpy of combustion.
 The enthalpy change that occurs when one mole of a substance burns and all the reactants and products are in their standard states at a
specified temperature is called the standard enthalpy of combustion.
158. Find the pair of graphs for an ideal gas that does not show isothermal expansion.
(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

 Ans. (A)
 B and D
 For isothermal increase,

Page No.: 22
 PVm = K (graph – C)
P= (graph – A)

Hence (B) and (D) are correct.

159. Which of the following formula is correct for Gibbs free energy (G)?
 Ans. (C)
 G = H – TS
160. Difference between heats of process at constant pressure and constant volume for the process 2C6H6(l) + 15O2(g) → 12CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) in kJ
at 25°C _______
 Ans. (A)
 –7.43
 ∆ng = 12 – 15 = –3
∆H – ∆U = –3RT
= –3 × 8.314 298
= –7432.716 J
= –7.432 kJ
161. Density is a derived unit.


162. C(graphite)→ C(Diamond) ∆S For this conversion _________

 Ans. (A)
 Zero
163. Statement (A) : Crystallization of a liquid into a solid decreases its entropy.
Reason (R) : The arrangement of atoms in a crystal is regularly ordered.
 Ans. (A)
 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
164. At a fixed temperature T, for the endothermic process A → B is complete so the entropy change is _______
 Ans. (C)
 ΔS > 0
165. The enthalpy change for the process N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) at 298 K is – 92.38 KJ so 298K is _______ KJ.
 Ans. (B)
 –87.43
 ∆ng = 2 – 4 = – 2
∆U = ∆H – ∆ng RT
= –92.38 – (–2) (8.314 × 10–3) (298)
= –92.38 + 4.955
= –87.425 KJ
166. At a constant external pressure of 4Nm–2, an ideal gas is isothermally compressed from 5 m3 to 1 m3. The heat released in this reaction is used
to heat 1 mole of A1. If the molar heat capacity of A1 is 24 J mol–1K–1, how much will its temperature rise?
 Ans. (C)
Page No.: 23
 K
 We know that,
w = –Pex (Vf – V)
w = –4Nm–2 (1 – 5)m3
w = 16 Nm ⇒ 16 J
For isothermal reduction,
∆U = q + w
⇒ q = –w = -16J (Because, ∆U = 0 isothermal process) From calorimeter, given heat = nC∆T
So, 16 =
∴ Change in temperature ∆T = K

167. Combustion of one mole of methanol in the presence of O2 produces 723 KJ mole–1 of heat. If one mole of O2 is consumed during this
process, ______ KJ heat will be produced?
 Ans. (C)
 482
 CH3OH + O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
If O2 is mole than, heat is 723 KJ
∴ 1 mole O2 gets (?)

= = 482 KJ

168. For H2O(l)  H2O(g) at atmospheric and at 373 K the equilibrium of the reaction is _____
 Ans. (B)
 The free energy change becomes zero. (ΔG = 0)
169. Find the correct statement from the following.
 Ans. (A)
 Both ∆S and S are functions of temperature.
 Entropy is maximum at higher temperature of the system. S and ∆S are related to T.
ST = ∆S =

Therefore, both S and ∆S are functions of temperature.

170. The volume of an ideal gas under atmospheric external pressure changes from 250 cm3 to 500 cm3. If 10 joules of heat are added to the
surrounding during this process, what is the change in the internal energy of the system?
 Ans. (A)
 – 35.32 joules
 W = –Pex · DV
= –1 atm. (500 – 250)
= – 250 atm. cm3
W = –0.25 atm. lit.
W = –25.325 joules
DU = q + w = –10 – 25.325 = –35.325 joules

171. Write the symbolic form of the first law of thermodynamics.

 ΔU = q +w
172. Entropy _________ when two gases mix
 Ans. (C)
Page No.: 24
 Increases
173. Enthalpy change is shown for the following reaction.
Cl2(g) → 2Cl(g), ∆H = 242.3 kJ mol–1
I2(g) → 2I(g), ∆H = 1511 kJ mol–1
ICl(g) → I(g) + Cl(g), ∆H = 211.3 kJ mol–1
I2(s) → I2(g), ∆H = 62.76 kJ mol–1
I2(s) and Cl2(g) are standard forms the heat of formation of ICl is _________ kJ mol–1.
 Ans. (A)
 –14.6
 I2(s) + Cl2(g) → ICl(g)
∆H(ICl)(g) = ∆HCI2(s) → I2(g) + ∆H(I – I) + ∆H(Cl – Cl)] – [∆H(I – Cl)]

= (62.76) + (151) + (242.3)] – [211.3]

= (31.38 + 75.5 + 121.15) – 211.3
= 228.03 – 211.3
= 16.73
174. Two liters of an ideal gas expanded isothermally in a vacuum at a pressure of 1.0 atmospheres until the volume is 10 liters. How much heat
will be absorbed? And how much work has been done in this expansion?
 q = –w = pex(10 – 2) = 0 (8) = 0
 No work is done and no heat is absorbed.
175. For 977°C CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g), ∆H = 174 KJ/mol. So ΔU = _______ KJ
 Ans. (B)
 163.6
 T = 977 + 273 = 1250 K
∆ng = 1
∆U = ∆H – ∆ng RT
= 174 – (1)(8.314 × 10–3)(1250)
= 174 – (1) (8.314 × 10–3) (1250)
= 174 – (10.392)
= 163.608 KJ
176. Water always flows spontaneously from a higher surface to a lower surface. Which of the following statements is correct for this event?
 Ans. (C)
 Free energy decreases.
177. The pressure of a sample of gas isothermally changes from Pi to Pf then ∆S = _________ .
 Ans. (A)
 ∆S = nR ln

178. If the change in Gibbs free energy is ________, the process will be spontaneous.
 negative
179. For given reaction Dry ice → CO2(g) for,
 Ans. (A)
 ∆H Positive, ∆P Positive.

180. For a given chemical reaction X Y, the standard reaction Gibbs energy depends on the temperature T (in K) as follows. ∆fG° (in kJ mol–1) =

Page No.: 25
 120 – T. So, what is the major component of the reaction mixture at temperature T?
 Ans. (D)
 X if T = 315 K
 At 315 K; ∆G° = 120 –3/8 T
∆G° = 120 –118.125 = Positive
∆G° is positive, so Keq < 1.

Then, <1
∴ [X] > [Y]

181. A well stoppered thermos flask contains some ice cubes ? this is an example.
 Ans. (C)
 Isolated system
182. Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) Used to determine heat change
(ii) Whose value is independent of path.
(iii) Used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) Whose value depends on temperature only.
 (ii)
183. If the value of standard heat of combustion of ethane is –1564.5 kJ mol–1, what will be the value of standard heat of formation of ethane? The
standard enthalpy of formation (heat) of CO2(g) and H2O is – 395 and – 286 K. Joule mol–1
 Ans. (A)
 –83.5 K. Joule mol–1
 C2H6+ O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O ∆H1 = –1564.5 KJ. mol–1
C + O2 → CO2 ∆H2 = –395 KJ. mol–1
H2 + O2 → H2O ∆H3 = –286 KJ. mol–1
2C + 3H2 → C2H6 ∆H = (?)
∆H = (2∆H2 + 3∆H3) – (∆H1)
= (–790 – 858) – (–1564.5)
= –1648 + 1564.5
= –83.5 KJ/mol
184. For reaction, CaCO3(s)  CaO(s) + CO2(g) at 1000 K the partial pressure of CO2 is 0.003 atm. If the standard free energy change of the
process is +27.2 k calories, what will be the free energy change of the process?
 Ans. (B)
 15.6 K. Cals
 CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
PCO2 = 0.003
Kp = Qp = 0.003 atm.
∆G = ∆G° + RT ln QP

= 27.2 + 2 × 10–3 × 1000 ln (0.003)

= 27.2 – 11.62
= 15.58 K · Cal
185. Enthalpy is a state function and extensive property.


186. In which of the following cases is the change in entropy negative?

Page No.: 26
 Ans. (D)
 2H(g) → H2(g)
 As the number of gaseous moles decreases, the entropy decreases.
187. The enthalpies of all elements in their standard states are:
(i) unity
(ii) zero
(iii) < 0
(iv) different for each element
 Zero
188. Find the correct statement among the following statements.
 Ans. (C)
 Both ∆S and S are functions of temperature.
189. Which of the following graphs for a diatomic ideal gas in a closed system does not describe the correct relationship between various
parameters of thermodynamics?
 Ans. (A)


 For an ideal gas, Cp and Cv depend only on temperature.

CP = 7/2R (independent of P)
CV = 5/2R (independent of V)
So CP will not change with pressure.
190. If the bond enthalpies of C – Н, С – C, C = C and H – H at 298 K are 414, 347, 615 and 434 kJ mol–1 respectively, what will be the enthalpy
change of the following reaction at the same temperature?
CH2 = CH2(g) + H2(g) → CH3 – CH3(g)
 Ans. (B)
 – 250 KJ
 ∆rH = {(4HC – H) + (HC = C) + (HH – H)} – {(6HC – H) + HC – C}
= {(4 × 414) + 615 + 434} – {(6 × 414) + 347)}
= 2705 – 2831
= –126 KJ
191. 2 moles of an ideal gas are reversibly expanded from 2 L to 20 L at 27° C temperature the change in entropy_________ Cal/ k (R = 2 cal/mol
K)
 Ans. (D)
 9.2
 Change in entropy =
First lans of thermodynamics.
dq = dU + pdV = CV dT + pdV
= CV + dV
= CV +
∴ dS = CV +R
n = 1, then
∴ ∆S = CV ln + R ln

Page No.: 27
 here, T2 = T1 = 27° C = 300 K
ln =0
∴ ∆S = R ln

= 2 ln 10 = 4.605
∴ ∆S = 4.605 C For 1 Mole gas
∴ For 2 mole gas , ∆S = 2 × 4.605
= 9.2 Cal/K
192. Which one of the following is correct relationship between Cp and Cv for one mole of an ideal gas?
 Ans. (B)
 Cp – Cv = R
193. Given bound energies,
H – H Bond energy = 431.37 kJ mol–1
C = C Bond energy = 606.10 kJ mol–1
C – C Bond energy = 336.49 kJ mol–1
C – H Bond energy = 410.50 kJ mol–1
then find out enthalpy of reaction = _________ .

 Ans. (B)
 –120.0 kJ mol–1
194. Which functions are state functions? Why?
 Variables or functions such as pressure (p), volume (V), amount of matter (n), and temperature (T) are state functions.
 Since their values depend on the state of the system, such functions are state functions.
195. The correct relationship between the standard free energy change and the equilibrium constant is _______
 Ans. (D)
 K=
 ∆G = H – TS

196. Match the following factors with details for spontaneity.

D (factors) Description
DrH K D r SK DrG K

(A) (+) (–) (+) (1) Non-spontaneous at high temperatures

(B) (–) (–) (+) (at high T) (2) Spontaneous at all temperatures
(C) (–) (+) (–) (3) Non- spontaneous at all temperatures

 (A – 3), (B – 1), (C – 2)
197. 5 moles of an ideal gas at 100 K are allowed to undergo reversible compression until the temperature reaches 200 K. If CV = 28 J K–1 mol–1,
find ∆U and ∆pV for this process. (R = 8.0 J K–1 mol–1)
 Ans. (C)
 ∆U = 14 kJ; ∆(pV) = 4 kJ
 ∆U = nC3∆T = 5 × 28 × 100 = 14 kJ

Page No.: 28
 ∆(PV) = nR (T2 – T1) = 5 × 8 × 100 = 4 kJ

198. Match the following

Column I Column II
(A) Isothermal Process (P) dp= 0
(B) Adiabatic Process (Q) dT = 0
(C) Isovolumetric process (R) dp =0
(D) Isobaric process (S) dV=0

 (A – Q), (B – P), (C – S), (D – R)

199. ________ is a process in which there is no transfer of heat between the system and the surrounding.
 An Isothermal process
200. The activation energy for an exothermic reaction is Ea kJ mol–1 and the heat of reaction is ∆H kJ mol–1,
then the minimum value of Ea will be _________ .
 Ans. (C)
 More than ∆H
201. Combustion of benzene (I) yields CO2(g) and H2O(l). The heat of combustion of benzene at 25°C and constant volume is –3263.9 kJ mol–1.
What will be the heat of combustion (in kJ mol–1) of benzene at constant pressure?
(R = 8.314 kJ mol–1)
 Ans. (C)
 –3267.6
202. The standard molar heats of formation of ethane, CO2 and water (l) are –21.1, –94.1, and –68.3 kcal, respectively. The standard molar heat of
combustion of ethane will be ________ kcal.
 Ans. (A)
 – 372
203. The atomization enthalpy of Br2(l) is x kJ/mol and the closure enthalpy for Br2 is y kJ/mol. The relationship between them is:
 Ans. (D)
 x>y
204. If a gas expands to 0.15 L under constant external pressure of 2 bar at temperature 300K under isothermal conditions, what will be the work
done by the gas? (Given IL bar = 100 J.)
 Ans. (A)
 –30J
 W = –P∆V
= –2 × 0.15
= –0.30 bar L
= –0.30 ×100
= –0.30 joules
205. State function is _________
 Ans. (C)
 A function whose value depends only on the state of the system.
206. Change in internal energy ______

Page No.: 29
 Ans. (A)
 Increases with increasing temperature
207. What is the value of ΔG for ice at 298 K?
 Ans. (A)
 –ve
208. The enthalpy of combustion of C(s)H2(g) and CH4(g)are –94, –68 and –213 Kcal/mol respectively So C(s) + 2H2(g) → CH4(g) Enthalpy of above
reaction _________ .
 Ans. (A)
 –17 K Cal
209. Exothermic processes in which the enthalpy change is ________ for the heat generated during the process.
 negative
210. Give an example of what extensive properties
 Properties of a system which depend on the quantity or size or dimension of matter are called extensive properties.
 Examples are mass, size, internal energy, enthalpy and heat capacity.
211. C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l), at constant temperature, for the process, ΔH – ΔU
 Ans. (B)
 – 3RT
212. Which of the following is a pair of parameters that represents a path function?
(A) q + w
(B) q
(C) w
(D) H – TS
 Ans. (A)
 (B) and (C)
 As we know heat and work are not state function, but q + w = ∆U is state function. H – TS is also a state function.
213. For which of the following reaction ∆H° and ∆H become equal ?
 Ans. (B)
 CH4(g) + 2Cl2(g) → CH2CL2(l) + 2HCl(g)
214. In which process will the entropy change be positive?
 Ans. (C)
 NH4NO3(s)  N2O(g) + 2H2O(g)
215. Which of the following has a negative entropy difference ?
 Ans. (D)
 2H(g) → H2(g)
216. Find the value of enthalpy of combustion of benzene based on the information given below:
(i) 6C(s) + 3H2(g) → C6H6(l), ∆H = 49 K. Joule
(ii) H2(g) + O2(g) → H2IO(g), ∆H = –285.8 K. Joule
(iii) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g), ∆H = –389.3 K. Joule
 Ans. (B)
 +3242.2 K. Joule mol–1

Page No.: 30
217. There is no exchange of heat between the system and the surrounding in the isothermal process. Select one of the following for the free
expansion of an ideal gas under ideal conditions:
 Ans. (C)
 q = 0, ∆T = 0, w = 0
218. For spontaneously process -----------
 Ans. (B)
 (ΔH – ΔS) should be negative
219. The enthalpy change of water to gas at 27o is 30 KJ/mol. So its change in entropy is _______ J/mol K.
 Ans. (A)
 100
 ∆S = =
∆S = 100

220. What is true about adiabatic process?

 Ans. (C)
 Δq=0
221. Isothermal process is experienced through _______ system.
 Ans. (C)
 Isolated
222. ________ for the entropy change is negative.
 Ans. (D)
 Fe (400 K) → Fe (300 K)
223. For reaction C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l) at constant temperature ∆H – ∆U = _________ .
 Ans. (B)
 –3RT
224. One mole of a monoatomic gas is modified as shown in the diagram. Amount of work done (by or on the system) _________ J

(Given log 2 = 0.3, ln 10 = 2.3)

 Ans. (A)
 620
225. How much ΔH – ΔU is required for the process of formation of carbon monoxide at 798 K?
 Ans. (B)
 1238.78 joule mol–1
 C(s) + O2(g) → CO(g)
∆ng = 1 – =
∆H = ∆U + ∆ngRT
∴ ∆H – ∆U = × 8.314 × 298
= 1238.78 Joules mol–1
Page No.: 31
226. Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity
(i) used to determine heat changes
(ii) whose value is independent of path
(iii) used to determine pressure volume work
(iv) whose value depends on temperature only.
 Answer : (ii)
227. For which of the following process ∆So is highest?
 Ans. (A)
 CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
228. For the process to occur under adiabatic conditions, the correct condition is:
(i) ∆T = 0
(ii) ∆p = 0
(iii) q = 0
(iv) w = 0
 Answer: (iii)
229. Under what circumstances does the process take place automatically?
 Ans. (C)
 ∆H < 0, ∆S > 0

230. Which of the following relations is true?

(A) ∆U = q + p∆V
(B) ∆G = ∆H – T∆S
(C) ∆S =
(D) ∆H = ∆U – ∆nRT
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
 Ans. (B)
 B and C only
 Only (B) and (C) are correct.
(B) G = H – TS
At constant temperature, T
∆ G = ∆ H – T∆ S
According to first (A), ∆U = Q + W
Applying constant pressure and reversible work
∆U = Q + P∆V
(C) From the definition of entropy change,
dS =
at constant temperature, T
∆S =

(D) H = U + PV
For an ideal gas,
H = U + nRT
T at constant temperature
∆H = ∆U + ∆nRT

231. In a ________ system there is no exchange of matter but energy is exchanged between the system and the surrounding.
 closed
232. What is isolated system?

Page No.: 32
 A system in which there is no automatic exchange of energy or matter between the system and the surrounding is called a isolated system.
233. The entropy change in Jk–1 ml–1 when 1 mole of ice is coverted into water at 0° C
(∆fus H° H2O = 6 kJ mol–1)
 Ans. (D)
 21.98
234. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of ethanol based on the following information:
(i) H2(g)+ O2(g) → H2O(g), ∆H = – 241.8 K. Joule mol–1
(ii) C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g), ∆H = – 393.5 K. Joule mol–1
(iii) C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l), ∆H = – 1234.7 K. Joule mol–1
 Ans. (B)
 –277.7 K. Joule mol–1
 ∆H1= –241.8 KJ. mol–1

∆H2 = –393.5 KJ. mol–1

∆H3 = –1234.7 KJ. mol–1

2C(s) + 3H2(g) + O2(g) → C2H5OH(l)

∆H = (?)
∆H = (2 × ∆H2) + (3 × ∆H1) – (∆H3)
= 2 × (–393.5) + 3 × (–241.8) – (1214.7)
= –1512.4 + 1234.7
= –277.7 kJ. mol7
235. In which process does entropy decrease?
 Ans. (B)
 Crystallization of sucrose from solution
236. A process in which the change in entropy is negative is:
 Ans. (D)
 Synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2
 In the process of making ammonia from N2 and H2, the change in entropy becomes negative as the number of moles decreases.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g)
237. If the equilibrium concentration for the reaction A + B C + D are 3, 5, 10 and 15 mol L–1 respectively, then at 300 K Temperature ∆°G =
_________
 Ans. (B)
 –1381.8
238. Reactant in exothermic process _______
 Ans. (C)
 has more energy than the product.
239. Standard enthalpies of formation for CO2(g), H2O(l) and glucose at 25° C are –100, –300 and –1300 kJ mol–1 respectively, then the heat of
combustion of glucose per gram _________.
 Ans. (A)
 2900 kJ
 C6H12O6(s) + 9O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)
∆H°C = [6(–400) + 6(–300)] – [–1300 + 6(0)]
= –2400 – 1800 + 1300
Page No.: 33
 = –2900 kJ mol–1
∴ Heat of combustion of glucose for 1g =

= –16.11 kJ
240. ΔU° of combustion of methane is –X kJ mol–1. The value of DH6 is
(i) = ΔU°
(ii) > ΔU°
(iii) < ΔU°
(iv) = 0
 < DU°
 CH4(g) + 2CO2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
\ Dng = –2
\ DH0 < DU°

241. Heat capacity and enthalpy are examples of intensive properties.



242. Given Equilibrium,

2H2O H3O+ + OH – At 298 K temperature ∆°G Value ___________ .
 Ans. (D)
 –80 kJ mol–1
 For reaction, k = kW = 10–14
∆°G = –2.303 RT log k
= –2.303 × × 298 log 10–14
= 80 kJ mol–1
243. The reaction will be spontaneous at every temperature if...
 Ans. (C)
 ∆H < 0 and ∆S > 0
 If ∆Gsys is negative, then the reaction is Spontuneous. ∆Gsys = ∆Hsys – T∆Ssys Every temperature ∆Hsys is negative and ∆Ssys is solid, the
reaction is Spontuneous.
244. An open system is one in which only energy is automatically exchanged between the system and the surrounding.


245. The following reaction is carried out at 298 K.

2NO(g) + O2(g)  2NO2(g)
The standard free energy of formation of NO(g) is 86.6 kJ/mol at 298 K. What is the standard free energy of formation of NO2(g) at 298 K?
(Kp = 1.6 × 1012)m
 Ans. (D)
 0.5 [2 × 86,600 – R(298) In (1.6 × 1012)]
246. If the enthalpy of formation of ammonia is − 45 kJ mol–1 and the values of H – H and N – H bond enthalpy are 435 kJ mol–1 and 390 kJ mol–1
respectively, then what will be the value of N ≡ N bond enthalpy?
 Ans. (D)
 945 KJ mol–1

N≡N+ H–H→

∆rH = – {3(390)}

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 – 45 = + 652.5 – 1170
1125 – 652.5 =
∴ x = 945 KJ · mol–1

247. Combine the following reaction with entropy change:

Reaction Entropy change
(A) Evaporation of liquids (1) ΔS = 0
(B) At all temperatures the reaction is non-spontaneous and ΔH positive (2) ΔS = positive
(C) A reversible expansion of an ideal gas (3) ΔS = negative

 (A – 2), (B – 3), (C – 1)
248. Statement (A) : The process of combustion of all organic compounds is exothermic.
Reason (R) : All elements in standard condition Enthalpy is zero.
 Ans. (B)
 Both A and R are true and R is not a correct explanation of A.
249. Given below are two statements, one labeled as statement A, the other is labeled with reason R.
Statement A : Reduction of metal is easy, if the metal is formed in liquid state instead of solid state.
Reason R : the value of ∆Go will go more negative side, because, the value of entropy in liquid state is higher than in solid state.
Select the correct answer from the given options with respect to the above statements.
 Ans. (A)
 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
 If the metal is in liquid state, it is easily reduced to metallic oxide. Because, entropy is higher in liquid state of metal.
250. Which of the following is correct for the free expansion of an ideal gas at Equilibrium ?
 Ans. (B)
 q ≠ 0, ∆T ≠ 0, W = 0

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