Answers
Q1. Answer:
We will solve both parts step by step using the formula:
where:
(i) Given:
Using the formula:
Charge flowing through the circuit is 3600 C.
(ii) Given:
Rearranging the formula for time:
Converting to hours:
The time required for the source to be completely discharged is
approximately 5.56 hours.
Q2. Answer:
The given data provides values of current (I) and voltage (V) across a resistor.
Let's go step by step to solve the given tasks:
(i) Given Data:
(a) Plot the graph of V vs I
• The voltage (V) is plotted on the y-axis.
• The current (I) is plotted on the x-axis.
• The relationship appears approximately linear, meaning Ohm's Law 𝑉 =
𝐼𝑅 holds.
(b) Calculate the resistance using the graph
Resistance (𝑅) is given by Ohm’s Law:
For different data points:
The resistance remains roughly 3 Ω throughout, confirming a consistent
resistor.
(ii) MCQ on Nichrome Wire Resistance
• Ohm's Law: The slope of the V vs I graph gives the resistance.
• Greater slope = Higher resistance.
From the graph, we observe:
Q3. Answer:
(i) Given three cylindrical conductors A, B, and C made of the same material
with lengths and cross-sectional areas as follows:
(ii) Given:
Effect of Stretching the Wire:
Conclusion:
• The resistivity of the wire remains the same when the wire is stretched.
• The resistance increases because the length increases and the cross-
sectional area decreases, both of which contribute to higher resistance.
Q4. Answer:
1. New Resistance of a Doubled Wire
When a wire is folded (doubled) on itself, its length becomes half, and the
cross-sectional area doubles. The resistance of a wire is given by:
where:
Effect of Doubling the Wire:
New resistance:
Since the original resistance was 6Ω, the new resistance is:
The new resistance of the wire is 1.5Ω.
2. Arrangement of Three 2Ω Resistors to Get 3Ω
We need to connect three 2Ω resistors in such a way that the total resistance is
3Ω.
Possible Combination:
• Connect two resistors in parallel.
• Connect the third resistor in series with the parallel combination.
Step 1: Parallel Combination of Two 2Ω Resistors
The formula for parallel resistance is:
Step 2: Adding the Third Resistor in Series
Now, connecting this parallel combination in series with the third 2Ω resistor:
The total resistance is 3Ω.
Circuit Diagram Representation:
Justification: The parallel combination reduces the resistance to 1Ω, and
adding another 2Ω in series results in a total resistance of 3Ω.
Q5. Answer:
(i) Joule’s Law of Heating
Statement:
Joule’s law of heating states that the heat produced in a conductor due to the
flow of electric current is directly proportional to:
Mathematical Expression:
where:
Thus, Joule’s law can be written in three forms:
(ii) Calculation of Heat Energy Dissipated
Given:
Using Joule’s law formula:
Substituting the values:
The energy dissipated as heat in 10 seconds is 72 J.
Q6. Answer:
Definition of Electric Power
Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is converted into other
forms of energy, such as heat or light.
Mathematically, it is given by:
where:
SI Unit of Electric Power
The SI unit of power is Watt (W).
111 Watt is defined as the power consumed when 1 ampere of current flows
through a circuit with a potential difference of 1 volt.
Commercial Unit of Electrical Energy
The commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh), also known as
"unit".
Relation Between kWh and Joule
1 kWh is the energy consumed when 1 kW of power is used for 1 hour.
Calculation of Total Energy Consumed
Given Data:
• Two 50W bulbs used for 6 hours daily
• One 1 kW geyser used for 1 hour daily
• Total days = 30
• Cost per kWh = ₹8.00
Step 1: Energy Consumption of Bulbs
Each 50W bulb runs for 6 hours per day, so:
Step 2: Energy Consumption of Geyser
A 1 kW geyser is used for 1 hour per day, so:
For 30 days:
Step 3: Total Energy Consumption
Step 4: Total Cost
Total energy consumed in a month = 48 kWh (units)
Total cost = ₹384
Calculation of Current Drawn by Two Bulbs
Given Data:
• First bulb: 100W, 220V
• Second bulb: 60W, 220V
• Voltage of mains = 220V
• The bulbs are connected in parallel
Step 1: Current Drawn by First Bulb
Using the formula:
Step 2: Current Drawn by Second Bulb
Step 3: Total Current in Parallel Circuit
Since the bulbs are in parallel, the total current drawn is:
Total current drawn from the mains = 0.727 A
Q7. Answer:
Type of Circuit Used in Homes
A parallel circuit should be used to operate different electrical gadgets in a
house.
Reasons:
1. Independent Operation of Devices
o In a parallel circuit, each appliance gets the same voltage and can
function independently.
o If one device stops working (e.g., a bulb fuses), it does not affect
the functioning of other devices.
2. Uniform Voltage Supply
o In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each appliance remains the
same as the mains voltage (e.g., 220V).
o This ensures that all electrical gadgets operate efficiently, without
fluctuations in performance.
Conclusion: Parallel circuits are preferred in homes because they provide
independent operation and maintain a consistent voltage supply to all
appliances.
Q8. Answer:
(1) Connection of Electric Heater, Electric Bulb, and Electric Fan
These appliances should be connected in parallel to the mains supply.
Justification (Three Reasons):
1. Independent Operation: If one device stops working, the others will
continue functioning.
2. Same Voltage Supply: In a parallel connection, each appliance gets the
same voltage as the main supply.
3. Reduced Total Resistance: Parallel connections reduce the effective
resistance, allowing efficient use of current.
(2) Circuit Calculation (Given Data)
The resistors are connected in parallel, so the total resistance is calculated
using:
(a) Current Through Each Resistor
(b) Total Circuit Resistance
Already calculated:
(c) Total Current in the Circuit
Final Answers:
1. Appliances should be connected in parallel for independent operation,
same voltage supply, and reduced resistance.
2. (a) Current through each resistor:
3. (b) Total resistance: 5.45Ω5.45Ω5.45Ω
4. (c) Total circuit current: 2.2A2.2A2.2A
Q9. Answer:
Given Circuit Details:
• The circuit consists of three arms: A, B, and C.
• A battery of 6V is connected in the circuit.
• The resistances are:
o Arm A: 5Ω, 15Ω, 20Ω (in series).
o Arm B: 5Ω, 10Ω, 15Ω (in series).
o Arm C: 10Ω, 20Ω, 30Ω (in series).
• Arms B and C are in parallel.
(a) Equivalent Resistance of Arm A
Since the resistors in arm A are in series, the total resistance is:
(b) Equivalent Resistance of Parallel Combination of Arms B and C
Step 1: Calculate Resistance of Arm B
Resistors in arm B are in series:
Step 2: Calculate Resistance of Arm C
Resistors in arm C are in series:
Step 3: Find Parallel Resistance of B and C
The formula for parallel resistance:
(c) (i) Determine the Current Flowing through the Ammeter
Now, the total resistance of the circuit is:
Using Ohm's Law to find total current:
So, the current flowing through the ammeter is 0.1A.
(c) (ii) When Arm B is Withdrawn
If arm B is removed, only arm C remains in the circuit. The new total resistance:
Now, the new current:
Final Answers:
Q10. Answer:
(i) Equivalent Resistance Formulas for Arrangements (I) and (II)
Arrangement (I): Series Combination
In a series circuit, the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances:
Arrangement (II): Parallel Combination
In a parallel circuit, the total resistance is given by:
Rearranging:
(ii) Correct V-I Graph Labeling for Series and Parallel Resistances
We know that Ohm’s Law states:
For a given current (I):
• Higher resistance (R) ➜ Steeper slope (V increases faster).
• Lower resistance (R) ➜ Gentler slope (V increases slowly).
• The graph with a steeper slope represents the series combination
(higher resistance).
• The graph with a less steep slope represents the parallel combination
(lower resistance).
Final Answers:
Q11. Answer:
(i) Current Drawn by Electric Iron and Power Consumption
We use Ohm's Law:
Given:
Now, we calculate power using:
So, the electric iron draws 4A and operates at 880W.
(ii) Effect of Decreasing Potential Difference
Ohm's Law states:
Thus, the current becomes one-third of its initial value.
Law Used: Ohm's Law
Mathematically:
(iii) Schematic Diagram of the Circuit
Here’s the circuit diagram:
(iv) Current in the Circuit and Voltage Across 10Ω Resistor
Total Resistance in Series:
Using Ohm’s Law:
Potential Difference Across 10Ω Resistor:
Final Answers:
(i) Current = 4A, Power = 880W
(ii) Current reduces to one-third of its initial value. (Ohm's Law)
(iii) Circuit diagram as described.
(iv) Current in circuit = 0.2A, Voltage across 10Ω resistor = 2V.
