India has played a significant and evolving role in international relations since gaining
independence in 1947. As the world's largest democracy, a rapidly growing economy, and a
nation with a rich cultural and historical legacy, India has emerged as a prominent player on the
global stage. This essay will explore India’s contributions to international relations under
various dimensions such as diplomacy, economic cooperation, peacekeeping, global
governance, regional partnerships, and cultural influence.
1. India's Philosophical Approach to International Relations
India’s contributions to international relations are deeply rooted in its ancient philosophy of
Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (the world is one family). This ideal forms the bedrock of India’s
foreign policy, emphasizing peaceful coexistence, dialogue, and cooperation.
Non-Aligned Movement (NAM):
One of India’s most notable contributions to international relations was its leadership in
establishing the Non-Aligned Movement during the Cold War era. Under the leadership of Prime
Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, India advocated for a third path for nations that sought to remain
neutral and avoid alignment with either the United States or the Soviet Union. NAM became a
platform for developing countries to assert their independence and protect their sovereignty.
India’s role in NAM demonstrated its commitment to promoting peace, dialogue, and self-
determination for countries emerging from colonial rule. This movement helped shape global
geopolitics by ensuring that developing nations had a collective voice on the international stage.
2. India’s Contribution to the United Nations
India has been a strong advocate for multilateralism and has made significant contributions to
the United Nations (UN) in various areas:
Peacekeeping Missions
India is one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping forces. Since the 1950s, Indian
troops have participated in over 50 UN peacekeeping operations across conflict zones such as
Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. India’s peacekeepers are known for their
professionalism and dedication to restoring peace and stability in war-torn regions.
For example:
In the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO), Indian forces have been pivotal in
safeguarding civilians and rebuilding infrastructure.
India’s troops also played a key role in maintaining peace in South Sudan and Lebanon.
Advocacy for Developing Nations
India has consistently supported reforms in the UN to make it more representative and reflective
of today’s global realities. India has pushed for the expansion of the UN Security Council and
seeks a permanent seat to represent the Global South. As a nation with over 1.4 billion people,
India argues that its voice and perspectives are vital for equitable global governance.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
India has actively contributed to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, focusing
on poverty alleviation, gender equality, and climate action. Its domestic initiatives, such as the
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission), align with global sustainability efforts and
demonstrate India’s commitment to a cleaner, greener planet.
3. India’s Role in Global Economic Relations
India has emerged as a key player in the global economy and international trade:
Economic Liberalization and Global Integration
India’s economic reforms in 1991 opened its economy to global trade and investment, making it
an attractive destination for foreign businesses. As a major market with a growing middle class,
India’s economic integration has contributed to global growth and poverty reduction.
South-South Cooperation
India has championed South-South cooperation by promoting economic partnerships with other
developing nations. Initiatives such as the India-Africa Forum Summit have enhanced trade,
investment, and technological collaboration between India and African nations. India provides
financial assistance, skill development, and infrastructural support to these regions, helping to
bridge developmental gaps.
Leadership in G20
India’s role in the G20 has been transformative. As a member of this influential group, India
represents the interests of emerging economies. During its G20 presidency in 2023, India
focused on addressing issues like climate change, food security, and equitable development.
India’s leadership ensured that the G20 agenda included the concerns of the Global South,
promoting a more inclusive and equitable global economy.
4. India’s Regional Diplomacy
India has played a leading role in promoting regional cooperation and stability, particularly in
South Asia:
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)
India is a founding member of SAARC, which was established to promote regional cooperation
among South Asian nations. Although SAARC has faced challenges due to regional tensions,
India has supported initiatives aimed at economic integration, cultural exchange, and
infrastructure development within the region.
Act East Policy
India’s Act East Policy has strengthened its ties with Southeast Asian nations, enhancing
economic, strategic, and cultural relations. India’s partnership with ASEAN (Association of
Southeast Asian Nations) focuses on trade, connectivity, and maritime security.
For example, India collaborates with countries like Vietnam, Singapore, and Indonesia on
defense cooperation and counterterrorism measures, promoting regional peace and stability.
Neighborhood First Policy
India prioritizes strong relations with its immediate neighbors, including Bhutan, Nepal,
Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. It supports infrastructure development, energy cooperation, and
capacity building in these nations. For instance:
India provided significant humanitarian aid to Nepal during the 2015 earthquake.
The India-Bangladesh relations have improved through agreements on water sharing,
trade, and border security.
5. India’s Role in Climate Change and Global Sustainability
India is actively engaged in addressing climate change and promoting environmental
sustainability:
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
India, along with France, launched the International Solar Alliance in 2015 to promote solar
energy adoption globally. This initiative, which includes over 100 countries, aims to reduce
reliance on fossil fuels and transition to clean energy sources. India’s leadership in ISA
highlights its commitment to combating climate change through renewable energy.
Commitment to Paris Agreement
India is a strong advocate for the principles of equity and "common but differentiated
responsibilities" in addressing climate change. Despite being a developing country, India has
made ambitious commitments, including:
Achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.
Expanding renewable energy capacity to 500 GW by 2030.
Through these efforts, India has demonstrated that economic growth and environmental
responsibility can go hand in hand.
6. India’s Contribution to Global Security
India has played a crucial role in promoting global security, particularly in counterterrorism,
defense cooperation, and maritime security:
Counterterrorism Efforts
India has been vocal about the need for global cooperation to combat terrorism. It has repeatedly
urged the international community to adopt a Comprehensive Convention on International
Terrorism (CCIT) at the UN. India also works with countries like the United States, Russia, and
Israel to strengthen counterterrorism measures.
Maritime Security
India’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean has made it a key player in ensuring maritime
security. The Indian Navy conducts regular patrols to combat piracy, secure sea trade routes, and
provide humanitarian assistance. Initiatives like the Security and Growth for All in the Region
(SAGAR) promote maritime cooperation with countries in the Indian Ocean region.
India is also a member of the Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue) alongside the United
States, Japan, and Australia. The Quad focuses on maintaining a free, open, and inclusive Indo-
Pacific region, countering challenges such as piracy, illegal fishing, and territorial disputes.
7. India’s Technological and Scientific Contributions
India’s advancements in science and technology have contributed significantly to global
progress:
Space Diplomacy
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has made remarkable achievements in space
exploration. Through its affordable and reliable space missions, India has helped other countries
launch satellites, fostering international cooperation.
The Chandrayaan and Mangalyaan missions showcased India’s ability to achieve
advanced space exploration at a low cost.
The South Asia Satellite, launched by India in 2017, provides telecommunication and
weather-related services to neighboring countries, highlighting India’s commitment to
regional cooperation.
Digital Public Goods
India’s initiatives such as the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and Aadhaar (a biometric
identity system) have been recognized globally as transformative tools for financial inclusion
and governance. India is sharing its expertise with other countries to promote digital
infrastructure development.
8. India’s Soft Power and Cultural Influence
India’s rich cultural heritage has significantly contributed to its soft power, helping it build
goodwill and positive relations worldwide:
Yoga and Spirituality
India’s ancient practice of Yoga has gained global popularity as a means of promoting physical
and mental well-being. The UN’s recognition of International Yoga Day on June 21, proposed
by India, reflects its cultural influence.
Bollywood and Indian Cuisine
Indian cinema (Bollywood) and cuisine have captivated audiences across the world. Bollywood
movies are particularly popular in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, promoting cultural
exchange and dialogue.
Diaspora Contributions
The Indian diaspora, one of the largest in the world, plays a vital role in strengthening India’s
relations with other nations. Indian-origin leaders, professionals, and businesses contribute to the
economic and cultural growth of their host countries while maintaining strong ties with India.
Conclusion
India’s contributions to international relations are diverse, encompassing peacekeeping,
economic cooperation, climate action, regional stability, and cultural diplomacy. From leading
the Non-Aligned Movement to spearheading initiatives like the International Solar Alliance,
India has consistently advocated for global peace, equality, and sustainability.
As a rising global power, India continues to play a constructive role in addressing pressing
challenges such as poverty, climate change, and terrorism. Its commitment to multilateralism,
regional cooperation, and technological innovation highlights its vision for a more inclusive and
equitable world.
India’s philosophy of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam reflects its belief in unity and cooperation
among nations, making it a valuable partner in shaping the future of international relations.
