Section A: Core Concepts & Terminology (20 Questions)

1. An entity in an ERD represents:

o A. A row in a table

o B. A real-world object or concept

o C. A SQL command

o D. A logical rule
Answer: B

2. Which of the following is a valid example of an entity?

o A. "Salary > 3000"

o B. "Employee"

o C. "Group By"

o D. "1234"
Answer: B

3. A relationship in an ERD describes:

o A. A table join

o B. A connection between attributes

o C. An association between entities

o D. A function in SQL
Answer: C

4. What is the primary purpose of an ERD?

o A. Optimize SQL queries

o B. Model real-world scenarios conceptually

o C. Generate indexes automatically

o D. Control user access

Answer: B

5. An attribute is best described as:

o A. A constraint
 o B. An operation

o C. A property of an entity

o D. A data structure
Answer: C

6. Which of the following is a composite attribute?

o A. Age

o B. DateOfBirth

o C. FullName (FirstName, LastName)

o D. Salary
Answer: C

7. Which attribute type can have multiple values for the same entity?

o A. Composite

o B. Simple

o C. Multivalued

o D. Derived
Answer: C

8. A derived attribute:

o A. Is calculated from other attributes

o B. Must be entered manually

o C. Can’t be stored

o D. Defines primary keys

Answer: A

9. The key attribute is:

o A. Derived from a relationship

o B. Always composite

o C. Used to uniquely identify an entity

 o D. Optional in an ERD
Answer: C

10. Which is true about a candidate key?

o A. Must be composed of foreign keys

o B. Always a composite

o C. Is a potential choice for primary key

o D. Can’t be used for identification

Answer: C

11. A primary key is chosen:

o A. From all foreign keys

o B. Among the candidate keys

o C. Based on the longest attribute

o D. Randomly assigned
Answer: B

12. A strong entity:

o A. Requires another entity to exist

o B. Does not depend on any other entity

o C. Cannot have a key

o D. Must have a derived attribute

Answer: B

13. A weak entity:

o A. Has its own key

o B. Is independent

o C. Needs a strong entity and identifying relationship

o D. Has no attributes
Answer: C

14. Which key helps identify a weak entity?

 o A. Surrogate Key

o B. Partial Key

o C. Alternate Key

o D. Foreign Key only

Answer: B

15. A relationship involving the same entity type is called:

o A. Recursive (Unary)

o B. Ternary

o C. Strong

o D. Composite
Answer: A

16. A binary relationship connects:

o A. One entity to itself

o B. Three or more entities

o C. Two entities

o D. One attribute to another

Answer: C

17. A ternary relationship represents:

o A. One entity related to itself

o B. A relationship involving exactly three entities

o C. Three attributes in one entity

o D. Derived relationships
Answer: B

18. An example of a ternary relationship could be:

o A. Student enrolled in Course

o B. Doctor treats Patient with Medicine

o C. Book has Author

 o D. Employee manages Department
Answer: B

19. A recursive relationship exists when:

o A. A derived attribute is repeated

o B. An entity relates to itself

o C. A key is duplicated

o D. Attributes loop
Answer: B

20. Which is not a valid attribute type in ERD?

o A. Multivalued

o B. Derived

o C. Inverted

o D. Composite
Answer: C

Section B: Cardinality & Participation (20 Questions)

21. The degree of a relationship is:

• A. Always 1

• B. Number of participating entities

• C. Number of attributes per entity

• D. Number of relationships an entity has

Answer: B

22. A one-to-many relationship is when:

• A. One entity is related to itself

• B. Each instance of Entity A is related to multiple B’s

• C. Both entities share only one instance

• D. Every A is a B
Answer: B

23. In a many-to-many relationship:

• A. One entity can only belong to one instance of the other

• B. Both entities relate to each other multiple times

• C. It’s always a derived relationship

• D. A bridge is not needed

Answer: B

24. A one-to-one relationship indicates:

• A. Each side has exactly one associated instance

• B. No participation

• C. Relationship is optional

• D. Cardinality is undefined
Answer: A

25. A must participation constraint means:

• A. Entity optionally participates

• B. Participation is mandatory

• C. Relationship doesn’t need attributes

• D. Relationship is recursive
Answer: B

26. Which symbol often represents total participation in ER diagrams?

• A. Circle

• B. Double line

• C. Dashed line

• D. Triangle
Answer: B

27. A partial participation means:

 • A. Entity must participate in all relationships

• B. Only some instances participate

• C. Weak entity is involved

• D. Every relationship has a constraint

Answer: B

28. Which scenario is likely one-to-one?

• A. Student – Courses

• B. Country – President

• C. Author – Books

• D. Doctor – Patients
Answer: B

29. In a many-to-many relationship, how is this usually implemented in a relational

schema?

• A. Ignored

• B. With a junction table

• C. With a view

• D. With a foreign key only

Answer: B

30. A multivalued attribute requires:

• A. Composite keys

• B. Splitting into a new entity

• C. Keeping in one table only

• D. Ignoring normalization
Answer: B

...

Another 30 questions will be provided in the next message.

Here are the final 30 advanced and challenging MCQs from Chapter 2 – Entity
Relationship Diagrams (ERD) to complete your set of 60 questions:

Section C: Keys, Entities, and Relationships (20 Questions)

31. In ERD, a primary key:

• A. Can be duplicated

• B. Is always derived

• C. Uniquely identifies each entity

• D. Is required for recursive relationships

Answer: C

32. A partial key:

• A. Can identify any entity on its own

• B. Exists only in strong entities

• C. Identifies weak entities with help from the owner entity

• D. Is the same as a foreign key

Answer: C

33. A foreign key is typically used to:

• A. Represent derived attributes

• B. Reference another entity's primary key

• C. Serve as a candidate key

• D. Enforce multivalued attributes

Answer: B

34. Which combination is used to identify a weak entity?

• A. Composite key only

• B. Primary key only

• C. Foreign key + partial key

• D. Recursive key
Answer: C

35. What best describes an identifying relationship?

• A. Links derived entities

• B. Identifies primary keys in ternary relationships

• C. Connects weak entity to its owner with total participation

• D. Represents data mapping

Answer: C

36. In an identifying relationship, the weak entity:

• A. Has optional participation

• B. Is always recursive

• C. Participates totally

• D. Can exist independently

Answer: C

37. Which of the following is true about derived attributes?

• A. They must be stored in the table

• B. They’re calculated using other attributes

• C. They can act as primary keys

• D. They always require user input

Answer: B

38. In ERD notation, a multivalued attribute is shown by:

• A. Single oval

• B. Dotted line

• C. Double oval

• D. Triangle
Answer: C

39. An example of a composite attribute is:

• A. Age

• B. EmployeeID

• C. Name (FirstName, LastName)

• D. Salary
Answer: C

40. What is true about recursive (unary) relationships?

• A. They use weak entities

• B. They require ternary connections

• C. They involve one entity type

• D. They use surrogate keys

Answer: C

41. Which of the following can have an attribute on a relationship?

• A. Weak entities only

• B. Many-to-many relationships

• C. Simple attributes

• D. Candidate keys
Answer: B

42. An example of a recursive relationship is:

• A. Employee belongs to Department

• B. Product includes Sub-Product

• C. Student enrolled in Course

• D. Manager supervises Employee

Answer: D

43. If a relationship has its own attributes, it is most likely:

• A. Strong entity

• B. Derived table

• C. Many-to-many or ternary
• D. Recursive
Answer: C

44. Which combination must exist for a weak entity to be valid?

• A. Derived + partial key

• B. Multivalued + identifier

• C. Identifying relationship + total participation

• D. Recursive + optional participation

Answer: C

45. In ERD, a double rectangle represents:

• A. Weak entity

• B. Strong entity

• C. Multivalued attribute

• D. Ternary relationship
Answer: A

46. A relationship's cardinality affects:

• A. Whether it's binary or unary

• B. Attribute datatype

• C. How many entities can relate to each other

• D. Composite key selection

Answer: C

47. When transforming ERD to tables, a multivalued attribute becomes:

• A. A composite key

• B. A separate table

• C. A relationship

• D. An index
Answer: B

48. What does participation constraint define?

• A. Data types of attributes

• B. Degree of relationships

• C. Whether all instances must be involved in a relationship

• D. Number of primary keys

Answer: C

49. A many-to-many relationship with attributes is implemented as:

• A. A stored procedure

• B. One table with multiple foreign keys

• C. A join table with extra columns

• D. A derived entity
Answer: C

50. What distinguishes a ternary relationship from three binary ones?

• A. It has more attributes

• B. It enforces a rule among three entities simultaneously

• C. It uses weak entities

• D. It uses recursive joins

Answer: B

Section D: Applied Understanding & Scenario-Based (10 Questions)

51. A University system with Students, Courses, and Professors best models as:

• A. Unary relationship

• B. Ternary relationship

• C. Derived attribute

• D. Composite entity
Answer: B

52. A car rental system with Car, Customer, and RentalDate most likely requires:

• A. Weak entity
• B. Recursive relationship

• C. Relationship with attributes

• D. Unary relationship
Answer: C

53. If a company tracks "who reports to whom", which type of ERD construct applies?

• A. Binary relationship

• B. Recursive relationship

• C. Weak entity

• D. Ternary with attribute

Answer: B

54. A doctor prescribing medicine to patients is best modeled as:

• A. Ternary relationship

• B. Binary one-to-one

• C. Weak entity to strong entity

• D. Recursive
Answer: A

55. Which statement is true about attributes on relationships?

• A. They apply only to weak entities

• B. They're used when the relationship itself has properties

• C. They can't be mapped into relational schema

• D. They always require multivalued keys

Answer: B

56. Which situation requires a weak entity?

• A. Each employee must have a unique ID

• B. A payment must be linked to an order

• C. A student takes multiple courses

• D. Each department has its own name
Answer: B

57. In ERD, total participation is required when:

• A. Every entity must participate in a relationship

• B. The relationship is unary

• C. The relationship is optional

• D. Candidate keys are missing

Answer: A

58. What’s the minimum requirement for identifying a weak entity?

• A. Primary key

• B. Candidate key

• C. Identifying relationship and total participation

• D. View definition
Answer: C

59. Which of these is a valid entity set?

• A. ">= 10"

• B. Order (OrderID, Date)

• C. SELECT statement

• D. View definition
Answer: B

60. Which of the following is not part of an ERD?

• A. Entities

• B. Joins

• C. Attributes

• D. Relationships
Answer: B