Eighth Edition

CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS:

9 STATICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr. Distributed Forces:
Lecture Notes:
Moments of Inertia
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Contents
Introduction Sample Problem 9.6
Moments of Inertia of an Area Sample Problem 9.7
Moment of Inertia of an Area by Mohr’s Circle for Moments and Products
Integration of Inertia
Polar Moment of Inertia Sample Problem 9.8
Radius of Gyration of an Area Moment of Inertia of a Mass
Sample Problem 9.1 Parallel Axis Theorem
Sample Problem 9.2 Moment of Inertia of Thin Plates
Parallel Axis Theorem Moment of Inertia of a 3D Body by
Moments of Inertia of Composite Integration
Areas Moment of Inertia of Common Geometric
Sample Problem 9.4 Shapes
Sample Problem 9.5 Sample Problem 9.12
Product of Inertia Moment of Inertia With Respect to an
Principal Axes and Principal Moments Arbitrary Axis
of Inertia Ellipsoid of Inertia. Principle Axes of
Axes of Inertia of a Mass
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Introduction
• Previously considered distributed forces which were proportional to the
area or volume over which they act.
- The resultant was obtained by summing or integrating over the
areas or volumes.
- The moment of the resultant about any axis was determined by
computing the first moments of the areas or volumes about that
axis.

• Will now consider forces which are proportional to the area or volume
over which they act but also vary linearly with distance from a given axis.
- It will be shown that the magnitude of the resultant depends on the
first moment of the force distribution with respect to the axis.
- The point of application of the resultant depends on the second
moment of the distribution with respect to the axis.

• Current chapter will present methods for computing the moments and
products of inertia for areas and masses.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Moment of Inertia of an Area by Integration
• Second moments or moments of inertia of
an area with respect to the x and y axes,
I x   y 2 dA I y   x 2 dA

• Evaluation of the integrals is simplified by

choosing dA to be a thin strip parallel to
one of the coordinate axes.

• For a rectangular area,

h
I x   y dA   y 2bdy  13 bh 3
2

• The formula for rectangular areas may also

be applied to strips parallel to the axes,
dI x  13 y 3dx dI y  x 2 dA  x 2 y dx

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Radius of Gyration of an Area
• Consider area A with moment of inertia
Ix. Imagine that the area is
concentrated in a thin strip parallel to
the x axis with equivalent Ix.
I
I x  k x2 A kx  x
A
kx = radius of gyration with respect
to the x axis

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 9.1
SOLUTION:
• A differential strip parallel to the x axis is chosen for
dA.
dI x  y 2dA dA  l dy

• For similar triangles,

l h y h y h y
 l b dA  b dy
b h h h
Determine the moment of
inertia of a triangle with respect
• Integrating dIx from y = 0 to y = h,
to its base.
h y
 
h
bh 2
I x   y dA   y b
2 2
dy   hy  y 3 dy
0 h h0
h
b  y3 y 4  bh3
 h   I x
h 3 4 12
0

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Parallel Axis Theorem
• Consider moment of inertia I of an area A
with respect to the axis AA’

I   y 2 dA

• The axis BB’ passes through the area centroid

and is called a centroidal axis.

I   y 2 dA    y   d 2 dA
  y  2 dA  2d  y dA  d 2  dA

I  I  Ad 2 parallel axis theorem

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Parallel Axis Theorem
• Moment of inertia IT of a circular area with
respect to a tangent to the circle,
 
I T  I  Ad 2  14  r 4   r 2 r 2

 54  r 4

• Moment of inertia of a triangle with respect to a

centroidal axis,
I AA  I BB  Ad 2

I BB  I AA  Ad 2
 12
1 bh 3  
 2 bh 3 h
1 1 2

 36
1 bh 3

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas
• The moment of inertia of a composite area A about a given axis is
obtained by adding the moments of inertia of the component areas
A1, A2, A3, ... , with respect to the same axis.

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 9.4
SOLUTION:
• Determine location of the centroid of
composite section with respect to a
coordinate system with origin at the
centroid of the beam section.
• Apply the parallel axis theorem to
determine moments of inertia of beam
section and plate with respect to
The strength of a W14x38 rolled steel composite section centroidal axis.
beam is increased by attaching a plate
• Calculate the radius of gyration from the
to its upper flange.
moment of inertia of the composite
Determine the moment of inertia and section.
radius of gyration with respect to an
axis which is parallel to the plate and
passes through the centroid of the
section.
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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 9.4
SOLUTION:
• Determine location of the centroid of composite section
with respect to a coordinate system with origin at the
centroid of the beam section.

Section A, in 2 y , in. yA, in 3

Plate 6.75 7.425 50.12
Beam Section 11.20 0 0
 A  17.95  yA  50.12

Y  A   yA Y   yA 50.12 in 3
  2.792 in.
 A 17.95 in 2

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 9.4
• Apply the parallel axis theorem to determine moments of
inertia of beam section and plate with respect to composite
section centroidal axis.
I x, beam section  I x  AY 2  385  11.202.7922
 472.3 in 4

I x, plate  I x  Ad 2  12  3
1 9  3  6.757.425  2.7922
4
 145.2 in 4

I x  I x, beam section  I x, plate  472.3  145.2

I x  618 in 4

• Calculate the radius of gyration from the moment of inertia

of the composite section.
I x 617.5 in 4 k x  5.87 in.
k x  
A 17.95 in 2
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