Accountancy

Project
ON
(RATIO + CASH
FLOW STATEMENT)
 I would like to express my special thanks of
gratitude to my teacher.
Who gave me the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project, which also helped me
in doing a lot of research and, I came to know
about so many new things. I am really
thankful to them.
Secondly, I would also like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited
timeframe.
 This is to certify that
a student of class - Xll has successfully
completed the research on this project
under my supervision.
He has taken proper care and shown
utmost sincerity in the completion of
this project. I certify that this project is
upto my expectations and as per the
guidelines issued by CBSE.
S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 Introduction

2 History

3 Company’s Profile

4 Board Of Directors

5 Balance Sheet

6 Statement Of Profit & Loss

7 Accounting Ratio

a) Liquidity Ratio

b) Solvency Ratio

c) Activity Ratio

d) Profitability Ratio

8 Meaning Of Cash Flow Statement

9 Cash Flow Statement

10 Conclusion

11 Bibliography
 Introduction
Wipro Ltd...
Wipro Limited is a multinational leader in
information technology, consulting, and business
process services. Headquartered in Bengaluru,
India, Wipro began as a modest vegetable oil
manufacturer and has transformed into a
trusted global IT partner. Today, it provides a
wide range of digital solutions, from artificial
intelligence and automation to cloud computing
and cybersecurity. Wipro operates in over 66
countries, helping clients navigate complex digital
transformations with innovative and sustainable
solutions, while remaining committed to social
responsibility.
With a mission to help clients succeed in a
digital age, Wipro focuses on delivering value
through advanced technologies and deep
industry expertise. The company has
continually adapted to market shifts, leveraging
technological advancements to maintain its
competitive edge. As a leader in IT services,
Wipro serves a diverse range of industries,
including banking, healthcare, retail, and energy,
making it one of the most respected names in
global IT services.
 History
Wipro’s story began in 1945 when Mohamed
Premji founded the Western India Vegetable
Products Limited in Amalner, Maharashtra.
Initially focused on producing vegetable oil, the
company’s direction changed significantly in the
1970s when Azim Premji, Mohamed’s son, took the
reins. Recognizing the growing potential of the
technology sector, Azim Premji led Wipro through
a strategic pivot toward IT services in the early
1980s, taking advantage of India's emerging
software talent.

In the following decades, Wipro expanded its

technology capabilities and built a reputation for
excellence in software development and IT
consulting. The company’s growth strategy
included global acquisitions, partnerships, and entry
into key markets, which positioned Wipro as a
significant player in the IT services industry. By
the 2000s, Wipro was a recognized leader in
outsourcing and consulting, providing critical
services to clients worldwide.

Today, Wipro continues to expand its digital

expertise, investing in emerging technologies such
as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data
analytics. Under the leadership of Rishad Premji,
Azim Premji’s son, the company has renewed its
commitment to innovation and sustainable
practices, positioning itself as a forward-looking
organization that embraces change and drives
digital transformation globally.
 Company Profile:-
Type Public

Founder Mohamed Premji

Founded 1945

Rishad A. Premji
(Executive Chairman),
Key People
Srinivas Pallia
(CEO & Managing Director)

Headquarters Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Area Served Worldwide

No. Of Employees Approximately 250,000

Board Of Directors
Chairman Emeritus & Board Of Directors :-
Name Designations

Patrick Dupuis Independent Director

N. S. Kannan Independent Director

Chief Executive Officer & Managing

Srinivas Pallia
Director

Deepak M.
Independent Director
Satwalekar

Dr. Patrick J. Ennis Independent Director

Azim H. Premji Founder Chairman

Päivi Rekonen Independent Director

Rishad A. Premji Executive Chairman

Tulsi Naidu Independent Director

Value Creation for Stakeholders Risk Management Statutory Reports and Financial Statements

Consolidated Financial Statements under Ind AS

Consolidated Balance Sheet
(C in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

As at As at
Notes
March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 4 74,128 82,336
Right-of-Use assets 5 17,955 18,702
Capital work-in-progress 6 7,234 6,171
Goodwill 7 311,449 303,485
Other intangible assets 7 32,748 43,045
Investments accounted for using the equity method 9 1,044 780
Financial assets
Investments
9 21,629 20,720
Derivative assets
10 25 29
Trade receivables
11 4,045 863
Other financial assets
12 5,550 6,330

Deferred tax assets (net) 28 1,817 2,100

Non-current tax assets (net) 9,043 11,922

Other non-current assets 13 10,577 13,758

Total non-current assets 497,244 510,241

Current assets
Inventories 14 907 1,188
Financial assets
Investments 9 311,171 309,232
Derivative assets 10 1,333 1,844
Trade receivables 11 115,477 126,350
Unbilled receivables 58,345 60,515
Cash and cash equivalents 96,953 91,880
1
Other financial assets 10,536 9,096
5
Current tax assets (net) 1 6,484 5,091

Contract assets 2 19,854 23,001

Other current assets 29,602 32,899

13
Total current assets 650,662 661,096

TOTAL ASSETS 1,147,906 1,171,337

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

EQUITY
Equity share capital 16 10,450 10,976
Other equity 734,880 765,703
Equity attributable to the equity holders of the Company 745,330 776,679
Non-controlling interests 1,340 589
TOTAL EQUITY 746,670 777,268

Integrated Annual Report 2023-24 255

 Reporting Context Corporate Overview Performance and Outlook Sustainability at Wipro

Consolidated Financial Statements under Ind AS

Consolidated Balance Sheet
(C in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

As at As at
Notes
March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023

LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Financial liabilities
Borrowings 17 62,300 61,272
Lease liabilities 5,17 13,962 15,953
Derivative liabilities 10 4 179
Other financial liabilities 18 4,985 2,649

Provisions 19 4,219 2,947

Deferred tax liabilities (net) 28 17,467 15,153

Non-current tax liabilities (net) 37,090 21,777

Other non-current liabilities 20 8,751 6,386

Total non-current liabilities 148,778 126,316

Current liabilities
Financial liabilities

Borrowings 17 79,166 88,821

Lease liabilities 5,17 9,221 8,620
Derivative liabilities 10 558 2,825
Trade payables 21 57,655 59,723
Other financial liabilities 18 33,183 33,472

Contract liabilities 17,653 22,682

Other current liabilities 2 15,238 14,330

Provisions 0 18,028 18,434

Current tax liabilities (net) 1 21,756 18,846

Total current liabilities 9 252,458 267,753

TOTAL LIABILITIES 401,236 394,069

TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 1,147,906 1,171,337

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
As per our report of even date attached For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

For Deloitte Haskins & Sells LLP Rishad A. Premji Deepak M. Satwalekar Srinivas Pallia
Chartered Accountants Chairman Director Chief Executive Officer
Firm’s Registration No.: 117366W/W- 100018 (DIN: 02983899) (DIN: 00009627) and Managing Director
(DIN: 10574442)

Anand Subramanian Aparna C. Iyer M. Sanaulla Khan

Partner Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Membership No.: 110815

Bengaluru
May 22, 2024

256 Ambitions Realized.

Value Creation for Stakeholders Risk Management Statutory Reports and Financial Statements

Consolidated Financial Statements under Ind AS

Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss
(C in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

Year ended Year ended

Notes
March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023
INCOME
Revenue from operations 2 897,603 904,876
Other income 2 26,308 22,746
Total income 2 923,911 927,622
EXPENSES 3
Purchases of stock-in-trade 3,832 6,494
Changes in inventories of stock-in-trade 2 278 150
Employee benefits expense 4 549,301 537,644
Finance costs 2 12,552 10,077
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment expense 5 34,071 33,402
Sub-contracting and technical fees 2 103,030 115,247
Facility expenses 6 14,556 13,492
Software license expense for internal use 18,378 18,717
Travel 15,102 14,445
Communication 4,878 5,911
Legal and professional charges 9,559 13,288
Marketing and brand building 3,555 2,951
Lifetime expected credit loss/(write-back) 640
(604)
6,736
Other expenses 27 8,694
776,468
Total expenses 779,908
147,443
Profit before share of net profit/(loss) of associate and joint venture 147,714
(233)
Share of net profit/(loss) of associate and joint venture accounted for using the
9 (57)
equity method 147,210
Profit Before Tax 147,657
Tax Expense
Current tax 2 34,973 32,198
Deferred tax 8 1,116 1,794
Total tax expense 2 36,089 33,992
8
Profit for the year 111,121 113,665

Other Comprehensive Income (OCI)

Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of the defined benefit plans, net 25 193 (64)
Net change in fair value of investment in equity instruments measured at fair
(447) 703
value through OCI
Income tax relating to items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss 28 (137) 16

Items that will be reclassified to profit or loss:

Foreign currency translation differences relating to foreign operations 4,151 16,233
Reclassification of foreign currency translation differences on sale of investment
2 (198) (133)
in associates and liquidation of subsidiaries to statement of profit and loss
Net change in time value of option contracts designated as cash flow hedges 9 258 (235)
Net change in intrinsic value of option contracts designated as cash flow hedges 162 (273)
1
Net change in fair value of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges 2,115 (3,198)
Net change in fair value of investment in debt instruments measured at fair value 0
1,749 (3,411)
through OCI 1
0
Income tax relating to items that will be reclassified to profit or loss 28 (787) 1,100
1

Total other comprehensive income for the year, net of taxes 0 7,059 10,738
Total comprehensive income for the year 118,180 124,403

Integrated Annual Report 2023-24 257

 Reporting Context Corporate Overview Performance and Outlook Sustainability at Wipro

Consolidated Financial Statements under Ind AS

Consolidated Statement of Profit and Loss
(C in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

Year ended Year ended

Notes
March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023
Profit for the year attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company 110,452 113,500
Non-controlling interests 669 165
111,121 113,665
Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company 117,676 124,186
Non-controlling interests 504 217
118,180 124,403
Earnings per equity share: (Equity shares of par value `2 each) 30
Basic 20.89 20.73
Diluted 20.82
Weighted average number of equity shares used in computing earnings per equity share 20.68
Basic 5,288,285,555 5,477,466,57
Diluted 5,305,712,314 3
5,488,991,17
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
5
As per our report of even date attached For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

For Deloitte Haskins & Sells LLP Rishad A. Premji Deepak M. Satwalekar Srinivas Pallia
Chartered Accountants Chairman Director Chief Executive Officer
Firm’s Registration No.: 117366W/W- 100018 (DIN: 02983899) (DIN: 00009627) and Managing Director
(DIN: 10574442)

Anand Subramanian Aparna C. Iyer M. Sanaulla Khan

Partner Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Membership No.: 110815

Bengaluru
May 22, 2024

258 Ambitions Realized.

 Subject Matter Of
Project...
The project is to analyze the financial data of the
company Wipro and give assessment on the
profitability and liquidity of the company, for the
last two years on the basis of tools of analysis to
asses whether the company will be able to meet
its short - term financial obligations.

Objectives
To study whether the company has performed
better than before and to assess whether the
company’s business is on the right path or not.
Accounting Ratios...
Ratio Analysis is technique of financial statements
Analysis. It is more widely used tool to interpret
quantitative relationships between two variable of
the financial statements.

The term accounting ratio is used to describe

significant relationship which exists between
figures shown in a balance sheet, in a statements
of project and loss, in a budgetary control system
or in any part of the accounting organization.

A financial ratio matches two or more pieces of

monetary data and presents them in the form of
a percentage, proportion, or in relation to a period
of time.
 1.Liquidity Ratio
Liquidity Ratio are those ratios which are
computed to evaluate the capacity of the entity
to meet its short term liability.
Current Ratio
Quick Ratio or Liquid Ratio.

Current Ratio :-
It refers to a company’s ability to generate
enough cash to pay off its debts once they
become due. Its used globally as a way to measure
the overall financial health of a company.

Current Ratio = Current Asset

Current Liabilities
For year 2024 = 650,662 = 2.58 %
252,753

For year 2023 = 661,096 = 2.47 %

267,753
Comment - The current ratio slightly improved in
2024, indicating enhanced short-term liquidity.
The company shows a stronger position to meet
its immediate obligations in 2024.
 Quick Ratio :-
The quick ratio is an indication of a company short
term liquidity position and measure of a company’s
ability to meet its short term obligations with its
most liquid assets.

Quick Ratio = Current Assets - Inventory

Current Liabilities

For year 2024 = 650,662 - 907 = 2.57 %

252,458

For year 2023 = 661,096 - 907 = 2.47 %

267,753

As there are no inventories and no prepaid expenses,

current Assets and liquid assets are equal.
Interpretation - The quick ratio’s increase in
2024 points to improved liquidity without
reliance on inventories, suggesting a more
robust financial position to handle unexpected
needs.
 2.Solvency Ratio
“Solvency Ratio” are those ratio which shows
whether the enterprise will be able to meet its
long term financial obligations, i.e long - term
liabilities.

Important Solvency Ratio are -

Debt to equity ratio.
Proprietary ratio.
Total assets to debt ratio.
Interest coverage ratio.
 Debt to Equity Ratio :-
The debt to equity ratio is used to evaluate a
company financial leverage and is calculated by
dividing a company’s total liabilities by its shareholders
equity.

Debt to Equity Ratio = Debt

Equity

For year 2024 = 401,236 = 0.54 %

746,670
For year 2023 = 394,069 = 0.51 %
777,268

Interpretation - The debt-to-equity ratio slightly increased in

2024, showing the company took on a bit more debt relative to
equity. However, the ratio is still low, suggesting continued
conservative financing.
 Proprietary Ratio :-
The proprietary ratio is the proportion of
shareholders equity to total assets and as such
provides a rough estimate of the amount of
capitalization currently used to support a business.

Proprietary Ratio = Equity

Total Assets

For year 2024 = 746,670 = 0.65 %

1,147,906
For year 2023 = 777,268 = 0.66 %
1,171,337

Interpretation - A marginal decline in the proprietary ratio

in 2024 shows a minor increase in liabilities. Equity still
provides the majority of funding, which is a positive sign of
financial stability.
 Total Asset to Debt Ratio :-
Total asset to debt ratio is a leverage ratio that
defines the total amount of debt relative to assets
owned by a company. It measure the safety margin
available to lender at long - term debts.

Total Assets to Debt Ratio = Total Assets

Debt

For year 2024 = 1,147,906 = 2.86 %

401,236
For year 2023 = 1,171,337 = 2.97 %
394,069

Interpretation - This ratio decreased slightly in 2024,

indicating a minor reduction in solvency. However, the
company’s assets are still well above its liabilities, meaning it
remains financially stable.
 Interest Coverage Ratio :-
Interest coverage ratio is used to measure how well a
firm can pay the interest due on outstanding debt. The
interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing
company’s earning before interest and taxes (EBIT) by
interest expense during a give period.

Interest Coverage Ratio = Profit before int. & Tax

Int. on long term debt

For year 2024 = 111,121 + 12,552 = 9.86 %

12,552
For year 2023 = 113,665 + 10,077 = 12.13 %
10,077

Interpretation - The interest coverage ratio fell in 2024,

suggesting the company’s ability to cover interest expenses
from earnings has slightly weakened. However, the ratio
remains high, showing that interest obligations are still
comfortably managed.
 3.Activity Ratio
An activity ratio is type of financial metric
that indicates how efficiency a company is
leveraging the assets on its balance sheet, to
generate revenue and cash.

Important Activity Ratio are -

Inventory turnover ratio
Trade Receivables Ratio
Trade Payable turnover Ratio
Working capital turnover Ratio
 Inventory Turnover Ratio :-
Inventory turnover ratio is a financial ratio showing
how many times a company has sold and replaced
inventory during a given period.

Inventory Turnover Ratio = Net Sales

Avg. Inventory

For year 2024 = 448,801.5 = 428.34 times.

1,047.5
For year 2023 = 452,438 = 432.02 times.
1,047.5

Interpretation - A slight decrease in the inventory turnover

ratio in 2024 indicates slightly slower inventory movement,
though the ratio remains very high, reflecting effective
inventory management in both years.
 Inventory Receivables Ratio :-
The effectiveness of a company’s credit and collection
practices is calculated by the trade Receivables turnover
ratio. It is financial up by dividing net credit sales by the
average accounts receivables during a given time frame.

Receivables Turnover Ratio = Net Credit RFO or Sales

Avg. trade Receivables

For year 2024 = 897,603 = 7.42 times

120,913.5
For year 2023 = 904,876 = 7.48 times
120,913.5

Interpretation - The slight decrease in 2024 indicates a marginally

slower collection of receivables. However, both years show efficient
management of receivables.
Working Capital Turnover Ratio :-
Working Capital turnover ratio is the ratio between the
net revenue and the working capital of a business. It
indicate how effectively a company use the available funds
for production.

Working Capital = Revenue from operation

turnover ratio Working Capital

For year 2024 = 897,603 = 2.25 times

398,204
For year 2023 = 904,876 = 2.30 times
393,343

Interpretation - This minor decrease indicates that the company

generated a bit less revenue per unit of working capital in 2024,
reflecting consistent but slightly reduced working capital
efficiency.
Trade Payable Turnover Ratio :-
Trade Payable Turnover Ratio is also known as Accounts
payable turnover ratio or the creditors turnover ratio. This
ratio is used to measure the number of times the business is
paying off its creditors or suppliers in an accounting period.

Trade Payable = Net Credit Purchases

turnover ratio Avg. trade Payables

For year 2024 = 448,801.5 = 7.64 times

58,689
For year 2023 = 452,438 = 7.71 times
58,689

Interpretation - A small decline in 2024 suggests the company took

slightly longer to pay its suppliers, though it still maintained efficient
payment practices.
 4.Profitability Ratio
Profitability Ratio are a class of financial metrics
that are used to assess a business ability to
generate earnings relative to its revenue,
operating costs, balance sheet assets. or
shareholders equity over time, using data from a
specific point in time.

Important Profitability Ratio are -

Gross Profit Ratio
Operating Profit Ratio
Operating Ratio
Net Profit Ratio
Return on Investment.
 Gross Profit Ratio -
The Gross Profit Ratio measures a company profitability by
comparing its gross profit to net sales. It reflects the
portion of net sales that. It reflects the portion of net sales
that constitution gross profit.

Gross Profit Ratio = Gross Profit *100

RFO

For year 2024 = 448,801.5 *100 = 50 %

897,603
For year 2023 = 452,438 *100 = 50 %
904,876

Interpretation - The gross profit ratio remained stable, indicating a

steady level of profitability from core operations in both years.
 Operating Profit Ratio -
Operating Profit Ratio measures the relation between
operating profit and revenue from operations i.e, Net
sales

Operating Profit Ratio= Operating Profit *100

RFO

For year 2024 = 147,210 *100 = 16.4 %

897,603
For year 2023 = 147,657 *100 = 16.3 %
904,876

Interpretation - A slight increase in the operating profit ratio in

2024 suggests improved profitability in core business operations,
showing effective cost control.
 Operating Ratio -
Operating Ratio shows the efficiency of a company’s
management by comparing that total operating
expenses of a company to net sales.

Operating Ratio = Cost of RFO + Op. Exp *100

Net RFO

For year 2024 = 750,393 + 448,801.5 *100 = 133.5 %

897,603
For year 2023 = 757,219 + 452,438 *100 = 133.3 %
904,876

Interpretation - The minor increase in the operating ratio in

2024 indicates marginally higher operating expenses relative to
revenue, though both years show efficient management of
operational costs.
 Net Profit Ratio -
The net profit percentage is the ratio of after tax profit
to net sales. It reveals the remaining profit after all cost
of production, administration and financing have been
deducted from sales and income taxes.

Net Profit Ratio = Cost of Net Profit After Tax *100

RFO

For year 2024 = 111,121 *100 = 12.4 %

897,603
For year 2023 = 113,665 *100 = 12.6 %
904,876

Interpretation - The slight decrease in net profit ratio in 2024

reflects a small decline in the portion of revenue that translates
to net profit, suggesting marginally lower profitability.
 Return On Investment -
Return on investment is a performance measure use to
evaluate the efficiency of profitability of an investment or
compare the efficiency of a number of different
investment.

Return On = Profit Before Int. & Tax & Dividends *100

Investment Ratio Capital Employed

For year 2024 = 111,121 *100 = 9.7 %

1,147,906
For year 2023 = 113,665 *100 = 9.7 %
1,171,337

Interpretation - ROI remained consistent across both years,

showing stable returns on total investment and indicating
efficient use of capital.
Cash - Flow Statement
Cash Flow Statement is a statement that shows
the cash flow i.e, inflow and outflow of cash and
cash equivalents during that accounting period
from operating, investing and financing activities.

Showing cash flow under there heads are :-

Cash Flow from operating activities.
Cash Flow From investing activities.
Cash Flow from financing activities.

Operating Activities :-
Operating activities are the principal revenue
activities of the enterprise and the other
activities that are not investing are financing
activities.
Value Creation for Stakeholders Risk Management Statutory Reports and Financial Statements

Consolidated Financial Statements under Ind AS

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(C in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

For the year ended For the year ended

March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023

Cash flows from operating activities:

Profit for the year 111,121 113,665
Adjustments to reconcile profit for the year to net cash generated from operating activities
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment, net (2,072) (89)
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment expense 34,071 33,402
Unrealised exchange (gain)/loss, net and exchange gain on borrowings 655 152
Share-based compensation expense 5,584 3,969
Share of net (profit)/loss of associates accounted for using equity method 233 57
Income tax expense 36,089 33,992
Finance and other income, net of finance costs (11,344) (8,108
Change in fair value of contingent consideration (1,300) )
(Gain)/loss from sale of business and investment accounted for using the equity method (1,671
- 6
Other non-cash items )
488 -

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions

Trade receivables 8,464 (985)
Unbilled receivables and contract assets 5,919 1,558
Inventories 287 162
Other assets 8,869 1,055
Trade payables, other liabilities and provisions (435) (9,824
Contract liabilities (5,053) )
Cash generated from operating activities before taxes 191,576 (6,522
160,819
Income taxes paid, net (15,360) )
(30,218)
Net cash generated from operating activities 176,216 130,601
Cash flows from investing activities
Payment for purchase of property, plant and equipment (10,510) (14,834)
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 4,022 546
Payment for purchase of investments (975,069) (806,632)
Proceeds from sale of investments 978,598 740,885
Proceeds from restricted interim dividend account - 27,410
Payment for business acquisitions including deposits and escrow, net of cash acquired (5,291) (45,566)
Payment for investment in joint venture (484) -
Proceeds from sale of business, net of cash - 11
Proceeds from security deposit for property, plant and equipment
300 -
Interest received
20,111 14,112
Dividend received
3 3
Net cash generated from/(used in) investing activities 11,680 (84,065)

Integrated Annual Report 2023-24 261

 Reporting Context Corporate Overview Performance and Outlook Sustainability at Wipro

Consolidated Financial Statements under Ind AS

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(C in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

For the year ended For the year ended

March 31, 2024 March 31, 2023

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from issuance of equity shares and shares pending allotment 13 12
Repayment of borrowings (130,557) (168,910)
Proceeds from borrowings 120,500 161,034
Payment of lease liabilities (10,060) (9,711)
Payment for contingent consideration (1,294) (1,784)
Interest and finance costs paid (10,456) (8,708)
Payment of dividend (5,218) (32,814)
Payment of dividend to non-controlling interests holders (322) -
Payment for buyback of equity shares, including tax and transaction cost (145,173) -
Net cash used in financing activities (182,567) (60,881
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the year 5,329 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (239) (14,345
2,373
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 91,861 )
103,833
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year (Refer to Note 15) 91,861
Refer to Note 17 for supplementary information on consolidated statement of cash flows 96,951
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
As per our report of even date attached For and on behalf of the Board of Directors

For Deloitte Haskins & Sells LLP Rishad A. Premji Deepak M. Satwalekar Srinivas Pallia
Chartered Accountants Chairman Director Chief Executive Officer
Firm’s Registration No.: 117366W/W- 100018 (DIN: 02983899) (DIN: 00009627) and Managing Director
(DIN: 10574442)

Anand Subramanian Aparna C. Iyer M. Sanaulla Khan

Partner Chief Financial Officer Company Secretary
Membership No.: 110815

Bengaluru
May 22, 2024

262 Ambitions Realized.

 Conclusion
From this project, it is concluded that ratio
analysis can provide insight to companies
relative financial health and future
prospects.
It can yield data about profitability, liquidity
earning extended viabuity, and more.

The results of such comparison can mean

more powerful decision making when it
comes to selecting companies in which to
invest.
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T.S Grewal (Volume - 3)
www.youtube.com
www.wikipedia.org