1 Chemical Reactions

and Equations

Fa s t r a c k
f Chemical Change: It is a process in which new substances h Displacement Reaction: It is the reaction in which
with new properties are formed. Some common chemical one element takes the place of another element in a
changes seen in our daily lives are ripening of fruit, compound. A more reactive element displaces a less
fermentation of fruit juice, cooking of food, digestion of reactive element from its compound.
food, burning of fuel, respiration, etc. For example,
f Chemical Reaction: It is a chemical change in which one Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu(s)
or more substances react to form one or more products Zinc Copper sulphate Zinc sulphate Coppermetal
of entirely different properties by undergoing a change (Silvery-white) (Blue) (Colourless) (Red-brown)
in state, colour, temperature or due to evolution of gas.
These reactions are also called single displacement
Rearrangement of atoms also takes place in a chemical
reactions.
reaction.
h Double Displacement Reaction: It is the reaction in
f Chemical Equation: It is a representation of a chemical
which anions and cations of two different reactant
reaction in terms of standard symbols and formulae
molecules interchange their positions to form two
used for the reactants and the products. It comprises of extremely different compounds.
reactants, products and an arrow ( → ) sign. For example,
For example, magnesium ribbon burns with oxygen
present in the air to form a white powder of magnesium Pb(NO3 )2 (aq ) + 2KI(aq ) 
→ 2KNO3 (aq ) + PbI2 ( s ) ↓
Lead nitrate Potassium Potassium Lead iodide
oxide, which can be represented as: iodide nitrate (Yellow ppt.)
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO These reactions are also called precipitation
Magnesium Oxygen Magnesium oxide
reactions.
(Reactants) (Product)
h Oxidation and Reduction Reactions or Redox
f Balanced and Unbalanced Chemical Equations: Equation Reaction:
having an equal number of atoms of different elements L Oxidation: In it, a substance gains oxygen or
in the reactants and products is a balanced chemical loses hydrogen during a reaction.
equation but that having an unequal number of atoms of L Reduction: In it, a substance loses oxygen or
one or more elements in the reactants and products is an gains hydrogen during a reaction.
unbalanced chemical equation.
MNEMONICS
f Types of Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions are of
the following types: Concept: Definition of oxidation and reduction
h Combination Reaction: It is the reaction in which Mnemonics: OIL RIG
two or more reactants combine to form a single Interpretation:
compound. OIL = Oxidation Is Loss (of hydrogen)
For example, RIG = Reduction Is Gain (of hydrogen)
CaO(s ) + H2 O(l )  Ca(OH)2 (aq ) + Heat
Calcium oxide Water Calcium hydroxide
L Redox Reaction: In it, oxidation and reduction
(Quicklime) (Slaked lime) occur simultaneously. Redox is the short form of
h Decomposition Reaction: It is the reaction in Reduction-oxidation.
which a single reactant breaks up to give two or Reduction
more simpler products. These reactions are carried D
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
out by applying heat (thermal decomposition),
light (photochemical decomposition) or electricity Oxidation
(electrolysis or electrolytic decomposition).
h Exothermic Reactions: These are the reactions in
For example,
which heat is released along with the formation of
Heat
CaCO3 ( s ) 
→ CaO( s ) + CO2 ( g ) products. For example, respiration.
Calcium carbonate Calcium oxide Carbon dioxide h Endothermic Reactions: These are the reactions in
which heat is absorbed along with the formation of
Sunlight
2AgCl ( s ) → 2Ag( s ) + Cl2 ( g ) products. For example, melting of ice to form water.
Silver chloride Silver f Corrosion: It is the process of slow conversion of metals
(White) (Grey)
into their undesirable compounds by the action of
Electric moisture, water, acids and air. It causes damage to car
2H2O (l ) 
→ 2H2 ( g ) + O2 ( g )
current
bodies, bridges, iron railings, ships and other metal objects
This reaction is known as electrolysis of water. of daily use.
10 |
The formation of rust (reddish brown coating of hydrated unpleasant smell and taste. This is due to oils and fats
iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3 . x H2O) on iron, green coating on present in the food items getting oxidised by air, heat and
copper and black coating on silver are all examples of light.
corrosion.
The methods to prevent rancidity are:
Corrosion can be prevented by applying a layer of oil and
h Keeping food in air-tight containers.
grease, or coating the iron article with a thick layer of zinc
(Galvanisation). h By adding antioxidants to food.
f Rancidity: It is the phenomenon in which food items h By packaging fat and oil containing food with
containing oils and fats when exposed to air give an nitrogen.

Practice Exercise
Q 7. Which of the following correctly represents a
Multiple Choice Questions  balanced chemical equation? (CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1)
a. Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2(g)
Q 1. In which of the following process a chemical
b. 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2(g)
reaction has taken place?
a. Ice melts into water c. 3Fe(s) + H2O(g) → Fe3O4 (s) + H2(g)
b. A wet shirt got dried in sunlight d. 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4 (s) + H2(g)
c. A brown layer is formed over iron rod kept in air Q 8. When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and
d. Sugar getting dissolved in water lead nitrate are mixed, an insoluble substance
Q 2. In which of the following, the identity of initial separates out. The chemical equation for the
substance remains unchanged? (CBSE 2020) reaction involved is: (CBSE 2023)
a. Curdling of milk a. KI + PbNO3 → PbI + KNO3
b. Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation b. 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2KNO3
c. Fermentation of grapes c. KI + Pb(NO3)2 → PbI + KNO3
d. Digestion of food
d. KI + PbNO3 → PbI2 + KNO3
Q 3. Which of the following condition help us to
Q 9. Consider the following chemical equation:
determine that a chemical reaction has taken
place? a Al2O3 + b HCl → c AlCl3 + d H2O
a. Evolution of gas In order to balance this chemical equation, the
b. Formation of precipitate values of a, b, c and d must be: (CBSE 2024)
c. Change in colour a. 1, 6, 2 and 3 b. 1, 6, 3 and 2
d. All of the above c. 2, 6, 2 and 3 d. 2, 6, 3 and 2
Q 4. Which of the following feature(s) is involved in a Q 10. Identify the product ‘X’ obtained in the following
properly written chemical equation? chemical reaction:
a. Temperature is required D
b. It should be balanced CaCO3 → ‘X ’ + CO2 (CBSE 2024)
c. It should have information regarding physical a. Quicklime b. Gypsum
states c. Lime Stone d. Plaster of Paris
d. All of the above
Q 11. During electrolysis of water, if the volumes of
Q 5. Why is it important to balance a skeletal chemical
oxygen and hydrogen evolved at the electrodes
equation? (CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1)
are VO and VH respectively, then VO/VH is:
a. To verify the law of conservation of energy.
(CBSE 2023)
b. To verify the law of constant proportion.
c. To verify the law of conservation of mass. 1 1
a. 4 b. 2 c. d.
d. To verify the law of conservation of momentum. 2 4
Q 6. It is important to balance the chemical equations Q 12. Select from the following a decomposition reaction
to satisfy the law of conservation of mass. Which of in which source of energy for decomposition is
the following statements of the law is incorrect?
light: (CBSE 2024)
(CBSE 2021 Term-1)
a. 2FeSO4 → Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3
a. The total mass of the elements present in
b. 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
the reactants is equal to the total mass of the
c. 2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2
elements presents in the products.
d. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
b. The number of atoms of each elements remains
the same, before and after a chemical reaction. Heated
Q 13. Limestone X  CO2
c. The chemical composition of the reactants is the Step 1
same before and after the reaction.  H2O
Step 2
d. Mass can neither be created nor can it be
Slaked lime
destroyed in a chemical reaction.
 science | Class 10 | 11
Identify the correct option from the given table
Option Substance Oxidised Reducing Agent
which represents the type of reactions occurring in
step 1 and step 2. a. Fe Fe
b. Fe FeSO4
Option Endothermic Exothermic
c. Cu Fe
a. 7 3
d. CuSO4 Fe
b. 3 7
c. 3 3 Q 19. MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
d. 7 7 The reaction given above is a redox reaction
Q 14. Which among the following is/are double because in this case: (CBSE 2024)
displacement reaction(s)? (NCERT ExEmPlaR) a. MnO2 is oxidised and HCl is reduced.
b. HCl is oxidised.
(i) Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu
c. MnO2 is reduced.
(ii) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl d. MnO2 is reduced and HCl is oxidised.
Q 20. Which of the following gases can be used for
(iii) C + O2 → CO2
storage of fresh sample of an oil for a long time?
(iv) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O (NCERT ExEmPlaR)
a. Carbon dioxide or Oxygen
a. (i) and (iv) b. Only (ii)
b. Nitrogen or Oxygen
c. (i) and (ii) d. (iii) and (iv)
c. Carbon dioxide or Helium
Q 15. Which one of the following reactions is different
d. Helium or Nitrogen
from the remaining three? (CBSE 2024)
a. NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
b. CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
Assertion & Reason Type Questions 
c. KNO3 + H2SO4 → KHSO4 + HNO3 Directions (Q. Nos. 21-28): Each of the following questions
d. ZnCl2 + H2S → ZnS + 2HCl consists of two statements, one is Assertion (A) and the other
is Reason (R). Give answer:
Q 16. A metal ribbon X burns in oxygen with a dazzling
white flame forming a white ash Y. The correct a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
description of X, Y and the type of reaction is: and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
(CBSE 2023) Assertion (A).
a. X = Ca; Y = CaO; Type of reaction = Decomposition b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
b. X = Mg; Y = MgO; Type of reaction = Combination Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
c. X = Al; Y = Al2O3; Type of reaction = Thermal Assertion (A).
decomposition c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
d. X = Zn; Y = ZnO; Type of reaction = Endothermic d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Q 21. Assertion (A): Rusting of iron is endothermic in
nature.
Q 17. Reason (R): As the reaction is slow, the release of
Test tube containing solution of heat is barely evident. (CBSE SQP 2023-24)
sodium sulphate Q 22. Assertion (A): Burning of natural gas is an
endothermic process.
Reason (R): Methane gas combines with oxygen to
Test tube containing solution of produce carbon dioxide and water.
barium chloride
(CBSE 2021 Term-1)
Q 23. Assertion (A): Reaction of quicklime with water is
an exothermic reaction.
Identify the product which represents the solid
Reason (R): Quicklime reacts vigorously with water
state in the above reaction. (CBSE SQP 2023-24)
releasing a large amount of heat. (CBSE 2023)
a. Barium chloride b. Barium sulphate
Q 24. Assertion (A): When an iron rod is dipped into a
c. Sodium chloride d. Sodium sulphate
solution of copper sulphate, copper is displaced.
Q 18. In the reaction of iron with copper sulphate solution:
Reason (R): Iron is more reactive than copper.
CuSO4 + Fe → Cu + FeSO4 Q 25. Assertion (A): Silver bromide decomposition is
Which option in the given table correctly represents used in black and white photography.
the substance oxidised and the reducing agent? Reason (R): Light provides energy for this
(CBSE SQP 2021 Term-1) exothermic reaction. (CBSE SQP 2022-23)
12 |
Q 26. Assertion (A): 2H2S(g) + O2(g) → 2S(s) + 2H2O(l ) Reason (R): The whole of iron deteriorates due to
is a redox reaction. rust.
Reason (R): In this reaction, oxidation of H2S to S Q 28. Assertion (A): Chips manufacturers usually flush
bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen to prevent
and reduction of O2 to H2O takes place.
the chips from getting oxidised.
Q 27. Assertion (A): Rusting can be prevented by applying
Reason (R): This increases the taste of the chips
a layer of oil and grease. and helps in their digestion.

Answers
1. (c) A brown layer is formed over iron rod kept in air 23. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
2. (b) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion
3. (d) All of the above (A).
4. (d) All of the above 24. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
5. (c) To verify the law of conservation of mass. and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
6. (c) The chemical composition of the reactants is the Assertion (A).
same before and after the reaction. 25. (c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
7. (b) 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2(g)
Reason (R) is false because light provides energy
8. (b) 2KI + Pb (NO3)2 → PbI2 + 2KNO3
for photochemical decomposition reactions.
9. (a) 1, 6, 2 and 3
26. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
Al2O3 + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Hence, a = 1, b = 6, c = 2 and d = 3
Assertion (A).
10. (a) Quicklime
D 27. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
(Limestone) (Quicklime)
Assertion (A).
11. (c) 1/2 28. (c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
12. (c) 2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2
Reason (R) is false because this process prevents
Reactions (a) and (d) are carried out by heating.
the chips from getting rancid.
Reaction (b) takes place in the presence of
electricity. Reaction (c) is carried out by the action
of light energy.
Case Study Based Questions 
13. (c) Endothermic Exothermic
3 3
Case Study 1
14. (b) Only (ii) Rahul is a skilled painter. He mixed a white
15. (b) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 coloured powder, compound X with water. The
Option (b) is different from the remaining three compound X reacted vigorously with water
because it is a combination reaction while all to produce a compound Y and a large amount
others are double displacement reactions. of heat. Then, Rahul used the compound Y for
16. (b) X = Mg; Y = MgO; Type of reaction = Combination white washing the walls. Customer was not
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO satisfied with the work of Rahul as walls were
(X) (Y) not shining. But Rahul guaranteed him that the
As two or more substances combine to form a walls would shine after 2-3 days and after 3 days
new single substance, therefore it is a combination of whitewash, the walls became shiny.
reaction. Read the above passage carefully and give the
17. (b) Barium sulphate
answer of the following questions:
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl Q 1. Name the compound X, that Rahul mixed with
(Sodium (Barium (Barium
water.
sulphate) chloride) sulphate)
Q 2. Name the compound Y, that Rahul got after mixing
18. (a) Substance oxidised–Fe, Reducing agent–Fe X with water.
In this reaction, substance oxidised = Fe, substance Q 3. What type of reaction has occurred here?
reduced = CuSO4, oxidising agent = CuSO4, reducing
Q 4. Write the chemical reaction responsible for shiny
agent = Fe
finish of the walls.
19. (d) MnO2 is reduced and HCl is oxidised.
20. (d) Helium or Nitrogen Q 5. Write the common name of X and Y.
21. (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Assertion (A) is false because rusting of iron is an
exothermic reaction. 1. The compound X is calcium oxide (CaO).
22. (d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. 2. CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + Heat
Assertion is false because burning of natural gas (X) (Y)
is an exothermic reaction. Thus, compound Y is calcium hydroxide.
 science | Class 10 | 13
3. Here, CaO combine with water to form a single 3. Few drops of H2SO4 are added to make the water
product, Ca(OH)2, thus it is a combination reaction. conduct electricity as distilled water is a poor
4. Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) conductor of electricity.
(Calcium (Calcium 4. If we bring a glowing splinter close to the mouth
hydroxide) carbonate)
of anode, it relights because oxygen supports
5. Common name of CaO (X) is quicklime and that of
combustion.
Ca(OH)2 (Y) is slaked lime.
5. If we bring a burning splinter close to the mouth of
Case Study 2 cathode, it makes a popping sound in the presence of
hydrogen gas.
Electrolysis of water is a popular method used
for different applications in various industries.
The electrolysis of water is mainly carried out Common eRROR !
to yield pure hydrogen and oxygen gases. It Usually students get confused in the tests performed to
involves passing an electric current through the detect different gases.
water which results in decomposition of water
into hydrogen and oxygen. Case Study 3
Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity. Rishabh wanted to study displacement reactions.
Sulphuric acid is added to the water so that the He knows that he needs a metal and a salt solution
conductance of water increases which makes the of a different metal. So, he takes two tubes T1 and
reaction faster. The setup for electrolysis of water T2, out of which in T1, he placed a copper wire in
is given below: iron sulphate solution and in T2, he placed an iron
Plastic nail in copper sulphate solution as shown below:
mug

Test tube Test tube

Test tube
Water

Graphite rod Water

Iron nail
Copper wire

Rubber Copper
stopper sulphate
Iron sulphate
solution solution
Anode Cathode
T1 T2

6V Read the above passage carefully and give the

Switch Battery
answer of the following questions:
The number of hydrogen molecules produced Q 1. Based on the above passage which test tube will
in electrolysis is twice the number of oxygen undergo displacement reaction?
molecules. Also, hydrogen is double in volume a. T1 b. T2
than oxygen. c. Both a. and b. d. Neither a. nor b.
Read the above passage carefully and give the Q 2. Identify the balanced chemical equation for
answer of the following questions: reaction taking place in T2.
Q 1. Name the gases evolved at cathode and anode
a. Fe (s ) + CuCl 2 (aq ) 
→ FeCl 2 (aq ) + Cu (s )
respectively.
Q 2. Why is volume of one gas collected at one electrode b. Cu (s ) + FeSO4 (aq ) 
→ No reaction
is double of anode?
Q 3. Why are few drops of H2SO4 added to pure water? c. Fe (s ) + CuSO4 (aq ) 
→ FeSO4 (aq ) + Cu (s )
Q 4. How will you test the gas evolved at anode?
d. Pb (s ) + CuSO4 (aq ) 
→ PbSO4 (aq ) + Cu (s )
Q 5. How will you test the gas evolved at cathode?
Q 3. State the change(s) that is/are observed in T2.
a. White precipitate of FeSO4 is formed
b. The blue colour of CuSO4 changes to light green
1. At cathode, hydrogen gas (H2) is evolved and at
colour of FeSO4
anode, oxygen gas (O2) is evolved.
c. Brown coating of copper is formed on iron nail
2. During electrolysis, water splits into 2 molecules of
hydrogen and 1 molecule of oxygen. Since, number d. Both b. and c.
of molecules of hydrogen released is double the Q 4. What will happen if zinc wire is used in place of
number of molecules of oxygen released. Thus, copper wire in T1?
volume occupied by hydrogen gas is double the a. It will produce zinc sulphate solution and copper
volume occupied by oxygen gas. metal
14 |
b. It will produce zinc sulphate solution and iron a. 15-20 min b. 10-15 min
metal c. 5-10 min d. 0-5 min
c. It will produce iron sulphate solution and zinc
Q 3. Gas A, obtained above is a reactant for a very
metal
important biochemical process which occurs in
d. No reaction will take place
the presence of sunlight. Identify the name of the
Q 5. What will happen if silver nitrate is used in place of
iron sulphate in T1? process:
a. No reaction will take place a. respiration b. photosynthesis
b. It will produce copper nitrate and iron metal c. transpiration d. photolysis
c. It will produce copper nitrate and silver metal Q 4. Marble statues are corroded or stained when they
d. It will produce iron nitrate and silver metal repeatedly come into contact with polluted rain
water. Identify the main reason.

1. (b) T2
2. (c) Fe (s ) + CuSO4 (aq ) 
→ FeSO4 (aq ) + Cu (s )
3. (d) Both b. and c.
4. (b) It will produce zinc sulphate solution and iron
metal
Zn + FeSO4 → ZnSO4 + Fe
5. (c) It will produce copper nitrate and silver metal
Cu + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
Case Study 4
Marble’s popularity began in ancient Rome and
Greece, where white and off-white marble were a. Decomposition of calcium carbonate to calcium
used to construct a variety of structures, from hand- oxide
held sculptures to massive pillars and buildings. b. Polluted water is basic in nature hence it reacts
with calcium carbonate
c. Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts
with calcium carbonate
d. Calcium carbonate dissolves in water to give
calcium hydroxide.
Q 5. Calcium oxide can be reduced to calcium, by heating
with sodium metal. Which compound would act as
an oxidising agent in the above process?
Read the above passage carefully and give the a. Sodium b. Sodium oxide
answer of the following questions: c. Calcium d. Calcium oxide
Q 1. The substance not likely to contain CaCO3 is:
a. dolomite b. a marble statue
c. calcined gypsum d. sea shells
Q 2. A student added 10 g of calcium carbonate in a 1. (c) calcined gypsum
rigid container, secured it tightly and started to 2. (d) 0-5 min
heat it. After some time, an increase in pressure 3. (b) photosynthesis
was observed, the pressure reading was then noted Heat
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2(Gas A)
at intervals of 5 mins and plotted against time, in a
graph as shown below. During which time interval We know that CO2 is a reactant of photosynthesis,
did maximum decomposition took place? which occurs in the presence of sunlight.
1.25 4. (c) Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts
with calcium carbonate
1.00 5. (d) Calcium oxide
In this reaction, calcium oxide is being reduced to
Pressure (atm)

0.75 calcium. Therefore, calcium oxide is the oxidising

agent.
0.50
Case Study 5
0.25 The reaction between MnO2 with HCl is depicted
in the following diagram. It was observed that a
0 5 10 15 gas with bleaching abilities was released.
 science | Class 10 | 15
HCl(aq) Q 2. Why is respiration considered as an exothermic
reaction?
Ans. Respiration results in oxidation of glucose which
produces heat energy. So, it is an exothermic reaction.
Q 3. A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a
white compound X accompanied by emission of
MnO2(s) light. Write a balanced chemical equation, when X
Reactants Products is dissolved in water. (NCERT ExEmPlaR)
Read the above passage carefully and give the Ans. The balanced chemical equation is:
answer of the following questions: MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2
Q 1. The chemical reaction between MnO2 and HCl is an (X ) (Water) (Magnesium hydroxide)
example of:
Q 4. Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution
a. displacement reaction
of a gas having a characteristic odour of burning
b. combination reaction
sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and
c. redox reaction
identify the type of reaction. (NCERT ExEmPlaR)
d. decomposition reaction
Heat
Q 2. In which of the following chemical equations, Ans. 2FeSO4 (s ) 
→ Fe2O3 (s ) + SO2 (g ) + SO3 (g )
the abbreviations represent the correct states of It is a thermal decomposition reaction.
reactants and products? Q 5. Why do we store silver chloride in dark-coloured
a. MnO2 (s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) bottles? (NCERT ExEmPlaR)
+ Cl2 (g)
Ans. We store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles to
b. MnO2 (s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl2 (s) + 2H2O (aq)
prevent its decomposition in the sunlight.
+ Cl2 (g)
Q 6. Identify the products formed when potassium
c. MnO2 (s) + 4HCl (l) → MnCl2 (s) + 2H2O (l)
iodide is added to lead nitrate solution. Also, name
+ Cl2 (g)
the compound precipitated.
d. MnO2 (s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (aq)
Ans. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and lead iodide (PbI2) are
+ Cl2 (g)
produced. The compound precipitated is lead iodide
Q 3. Identify the correct statement from the following:
(yellow ppt.).
a. MnO2 is getting reduced whereas HCl is getting
Q 7. The surface of copper gets coated with black copper
oxidised
(II) oxide. Why?
b. MnO2 is getting oxidised whereas HCl is getting
reduced Ans. The surface of copper turns black when kept exposed
c. MnO2 and HCl both are getting reduced to air due to its reaction with oxygen forming black
copper (II) oxide.
d. MnO2 and HCl both are getting oxidised
Q 4. In the above discussed reaction, name the reducing Q 8. Indicate the oxidising and reducing agent in the
agent. reaction.
a. MnCl2 b. HCl c. MnO2 d. H2O H2S + Cl2 → 2HCl + S
Removal of hydrogen : Oxidation
Q 5. What will happen if we take dry HCl gas instead of
aqueous solution of HCl?
Ans. H2S + Cl2 → 2HCl + S
a. Reaction will occur faster
b. Reaction will not occur Addition of hydrogen : Reduction
c. Reaction rate will be slow Oxidising Agent— Cl2
d. Reaction rate will remain the same Reducing Agent— H2S

Short Answer Type-I Questions 

1. (c) redox reaction
2. (a) MnO2 (s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l) Q 1. “Dil. HCl is added to Zn granules.” How will you
+ Cl2 (g) prove that chemical change has taken place here?
3. (a) MnO2 is getting reduced whereas HCl is getting Support your response with two arguments.
oxidised (CBSE SQP 2023-24)
4. (b) HCl Ans. A chemical change has taken place can be proved
5. (b) Reaction will not occur with the help of following two arguments:
(i) Evolution of a gas: When dilute HCl is added
to Zn granules in a test tube, a colourless and
Very Short Answer Type Questions  odourless gas is evolved with bubbles.
Q 1. Which one is a chemical change–Rusting of iron or (ii) Change in temperature: It is an exothermic
melting of iron? reaction and temperature of the test tube
increases.
Ans. Rusting of iron is a chemical change.
16 |
Q 2. Name the type of chemical reaction in which It is a double displacement and precipitation reaction.
calcium oxide reacts with water. Justify your
answer by giving balanced chemical equation for Pb(NO3 )2 + 2KI → PbI (↓ ) + 2KNO3
2
(Yellow ppt.)
the chemical reaction. (CBSE 2024)
Ans. Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to Q 7. When copper powder is heated in a watch glass, a
produce calcium hydroxide. In this reaction, calcium black substance is formed:
oxide and water combine to form a single product, so
(i) Why is this black substance formed? Name it.
it is a combination reaction.
(ii) How can this black substance be reversed to its
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat
Calcium Water Calcium
original form? (CBSE 2023)
oxide hydroxide Ans. (i) This black substance is formed because oxygen is
Q 3. A clear solution of slaked lime is made by dissolving added to copper powder and copper oxide (black
Ca(OH)2 in an excess of water. This solution is left substance) is formed.
exposed to air. The solution slowly goes milky as a
(ii) If hydrogen gas is passed over this black
faint white precipitate forms. Explain why a faint
substance (CuO), the black coating on the surface
white precipitate forms, support your response
with the help of a chemical equation. turns brown as the reverse reaction takes place
(CBSE SQP 2022-23) and original form (copper) is obtained.
Ans. Slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) reacts slowly with Q 8. Identify the reducing agent in the following
carbon dioxide present in the air to form calcium reactions:
carbonate which results in milkiness or white ppt. (i) H2S + I2 → 2HI + S
Ca(OH)₂ (aq) + CO₂ (g) → CaCO₃ (s) + H₂O (l)
(Slaked lime) (White ppt.) (ii) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
Q 4. Translate the following statements into chemical Ans.
equations and then balance them:
(i) Solution of barium chloride and aluminium
sulphate in water react to give insoluble TiP
barium sulphate and the solution of aluminium Learn the definition of reducing agents. Reducing
chloride. agents are those substances which have the ability of adding
(ii) Aluminium metal reacts with steam to give hydrogen or removing oxygen from other substances.
aluminium oxide and hydrogen gas.(CBSE 2024)
(i) H2S (ii) Carbon monoxide (CO).
Ans. (i) 3BaCl2(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq)
+ 3BaSO4(s)↓ Q 9. State whether the given chemical reaction is a
(ii) 2Al(s) + 3H2O(g) → Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g) redox reaction or not. Justify your answer:
Q 5. When a few drops of barium chloride solution are MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 (CBSE 2023)
added to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate,
a white precipitate is obtained.
(i) Write balanced chemical equation for the T PPER’S ANSWER
reaction involved. Ans. This given reaction:
(ii) What is the other name of this precipitation MnO2 + 4HCl ―→ MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
reaction? Why is it called so? (CBSE 2024) A redox reaction is a reaction in which both
Ans. (i) Na2SO4(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s) oxidation and reduction is taking place.
Sodium Barium Barium sulphate
sulphate chloride (White ppt.)
In this reaction MnO2 is getting reduced
to MnCl2 as O2 is removed from it. HCl is
+ 2NaCl(aq)
Sodium chloride
getting oxidised as Cl2 separates and H2O is
(ii) The other name of this reaction is double formed. Hydrogen is removed from HCl and
displacement reaction. It is called so because an is getting oxidised to form H2O here.
exchange of ions between the reactants takes Thus, the given reaction is a redox reaction.
place in this reaction.
Q 6. What is observed when aqueous solutions of
potassium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed Short Answer Type-II Questions 
together? Name the type of reaction and write the
chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. Q 1. What is meant by skeletal type chemical equation?
(CBSE 2023) What does it represents? Using the equation for
Ans. When aqueous solutions of potassium iodide and electrolytic decomposition of water, differentiate
lead nitrate are mixed together a yellow precipitate between a skeletal chemical equation and a balanced
of lead iodide is observed. chemical equation.
 science | Class 10 | 17
Ans. Q 4. Write balanced chemical equation for the reactions
that take place during respiration. Identify the type
TiP of combination reaction that takes place during
this process and justify the name. Give one more
Learn the concept of skeletal chemical equation and
also, the difference between skeletal and balanced chemical example of this type of reaction.
equations. Ans. Reaction Taking Place During Respiration:
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6O2 (aq) → 6CO2 (aq) + 6H2O (l)
A chemical equation in which the number of atoms
+ Energy
of each element on reactant side is not equal to
the number of atoms of the same element on the Exothermic reaction takes place during this process
product side is called a skeletal chemical equation. because it releases energy in the form of heat.
Such an equation only represents the chemical Burning of natural gas is another example of such a
formula of reactants and products of a chemical reaction.
reaction and does not follow the law of CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O (g)
conservation of mass. Q 5. Identify the type of each of the following reactions.
Also write balanced chemical equation for each
Electrolysis
H2O 
→ H2 + O2 reaction.
(Skeletal chemical equation) (i) A reaction in which the reaction mixture
Electrolysis becomes warm.
2H2O 
→ 2H2 + O2 (ii) A reaction in which an insoluble substance is
(Balanced chemical equation) formed. (CBSE 2020)
Ans. (i) Reaction mixture becomes warm in exothermic
Q 2. Translate the following statements into chemical
reactions.
equations and balance them:
(i) Lead nitrate reacts with sulphuric acid to form a CH4 (g ) + 2O2 (g ) 
→ CO2 (g ) + 2H2O (g )
precipitate of lead sulphate and nitric acid.
(ii) Insoluble substance is formed in precipitation
(ii) Magnesium burns in the presence of nitrogen
reactions.
to form magnesium nitride.
(iii) Aluminium metal strip is added in hydrochloric Na2SO4 (aq ) + BaCl 2 (aq ) 
→ BaSO4 (s ) + 2NaCl (aq )
acid to produce aluminium chloride and (White ppt.)

hydrogen gas. Q 6. (i) Define a decomposition reaction. Write chemical

Ans. The balanced chemical equations are as follows: equation for the reaction that occurs when lead
nitrate is heated strongly in a boiling tube.
(i) Pb(NO3)2 (s) + H2SO4(aq) → PbSO4(s)
(ii) In electrolytic decomposition of water two gases
+ 2HNO3(aq)
are liberated at the electrodes. Give the mass
(ii) 3Mg (s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s) ratio of the gas liberated at the cathode and at
(iii) 2Al (s) + 6HCl (aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g) the anode. (CBSE 2024)
Q 3. Write the balanced chemical equations for the Ans. (i) Decomposition reaction is the reaction in which
following reactions: a compound splits up into two or more simpler
(i) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric substances.
Heat
acid in equal molar concentrations gives sodium 2Pb(NO3)2(s) → 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)
chloride and sodium hydrogen carbonate. Lead nitrate Lead Nitrogen Oxygen
(Colourless) oxide dioxide
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate on reaction with (Yellow) (Brown fumes)
hydrochloric acid gives sodium chloride, water (ii) In electrolytic decomposition of water, hydrogen
and liberates carbon dioxide. gas (H2) is liberated at the cathode and oxygen
(iii) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium gas (O2) at the anode.
iodide precipitates cuprous iodide (Cu2I2), We know that, number of hydrogen molecules
liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium produced in electrolysis is twice the number of
sulphate. (NCERT ExEmPlaR) oxygen molecules.
Mass of hydrogen gas liberated = 2 × 2 = 4
Ans.
Mass of oxygen gas liberated = 32
4 1
TiP Required ratio = = = 1 : 8.
32 8
Practice writing balanced chemical equations with Q 7. Decomposition reactions require energy either
correct chemical formula of reactants and products. in the form of heat or light or electricity for
breaking down the reactants. Write one equation
(i) Na2CO3 + HCl → NaCl + NaHCO3 each for decomposition reactions where energy is
(ii) NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2 supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity.
(iii) 2CuSO4 + 4KI → Cu2I2 + 2K2SO4 + I2 (CBSE 2018)
18 |
Ans. Thermal Decomposition (Heat): Q 10. With the help of an appropriate example, justify
Heat that some of the chemical reactions are determined
2FeSO4 (s ) → Fe2O3 (s ) + SO2 (g ) + SO3 (g)
by
Photochemical Decomposition (Light): (i) Change in temperature,
Sunlight
2AgBr (s ) 
→ 2Ag (s ) + Br2 (g ) (ii) Evolution of a gas, and
(iii) Change in colour
Electrolytic Decomposition (Electricity):
Give chemical equation for the reaction
Electricity
2H2O (l ) → 2H2 (g ) + O2 (g ) involved in each case. (CBSE 2023)

Q 8. Identify the type of reactions taking place in each

T PPER’S ANSWER
of the following cases and write the balanced
chemical equation for the reactions. Ans. (i) CaO + H2O ―→ Ca(OH)2 + Heat
(i) Zinc reacts with silver nitrate to produce zinc This is indicated by the increased
nitrate and silver. temperature of the vessel/test tube in
(ii) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to which the reaction is performed.
produce potassium nitrate and lead iodide. (ii) Zn + H2SO4 ―→ZnSO4 + H2↑ (g)
(CBSE 2019) Presence of H2 gas evolved can be tested
Ans. (i) This is a displacement reaction. Zinc being more by lighting a matchstick near it. A pop
reactive than silver displaces it from its salt. sound is heard.
(iii) CuSO4 + Fe ―→ FeSO4 + Cu
Zn (s ) + 2AgNO3 (aq ) → Zn(NO3 )2 (aq ) + 2Ag (s )
Zinc Silver nitrate Zinc nitrate Silver (Blue) (Black (Pale green) (Reddish
Iron filings) brown)
(ii) This is a double displacement reaction because
In this reaction, the change in colour of
mutual exchange of ions takes place between
the reactants and products indicate that
the reactants.
a chemical reaction has taken place.
2KI (aq ) + Pb(NO3 )2 (aq )
Potassium iodide Lead nitrate
Q 11. Name the type of chemical reaction represented by
→ 2KNO3 (aq ) + PbI2 (s ) the following equations:
Potassium nitrate Lead iodide
(Yellow ppt.) (i) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
(ii) 3BaCl2 + Al2 (SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4
Common eRROR ! (iii) 2FeSO4 → Fe2 O3 + SO2 + SO3 (CBSE 2015)
Students often write unbalanced chemical equations.
Many of them fail to write correct chemical formula of Ans. The type of chemical reactions are as follows:
zinc nitrate or lead iodide. (i) Combination reaction.

Q 9. Write down the balanced chemical equations for (ii) Double displacement reaction.
the following reactions and identify the type of (iii) Decomposition reaction.
reaction in each case.
Q 12. (i) Write the essential condition for the following
(i) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas to reaction to take place:
form ammonia gas.
2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2
(ii) Lead nitrate is heated strongly to form lead
monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. Write one application of this reaction.
(iii) A copper wire is dipped in silver nitrate solution (ii) Complete the following chemical equation of a
and a shining deposit of silver is produced. chemical reaction:
(CBSE 2023) Heat
Ans. (i) N2(s) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) 2FeSO4 → Fe2O3 + .......... + ..........
Type of reaction: Combination reaction (iii) What happens when water is added to
Heat quicklime? Write chemical equation. (CBSE 2015)
2Pb(NO3 )2 (s ) → 2PbO(s ) + 4NO2 (g ) + O2 (g )
Sunlight
Type of reaction: Decomposition reaction. Ans. (i) 2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2
(iii) Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
Sunlight is required to decompose silver bromide
Type of reaction: Displacement reaction. into silver and bromine.

Common eRROR ! This reaction is used in black and white

photography.
Many students forget to answer the type of chemical
reactions in this question. Heat
(ii) 2FeSO4(s) → Fe2O3(s) + SO2 (g) + SO3 (g)
 science | Class 10 | 19
(iii) Slaked lime is formed with hissing sound and a Ans. (i) Displacement reaction.
large amount of heat is evolved. Example : Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + Heat (ii) Double displacement reaction
Example : Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2(aq) → BaSO4(s)
Common eRROR ! + 2NaCl(aq)
Usually students get confused in the essential conditions
Q 16. Mention with reason the colour changes observed
and liberation of gases in the reaction.
when:
(i) Silver chloride is exposed to sunlight.
Q 13. On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to
(ii) Copper powder is strongly heated in the
an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite, a white
presence of oxygen.
precipitate is obtained.
(iii) A piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation of the
reaction involved. solution. (CBSE 2020)
Ans.
(ii) What other name can be given to this
precipitation reaction?
(iii) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the TiP
reaction mixture, white precipitate disappears. Learn and understand the basic concepts of each
Why? type of chemical reaction and make a list of few examples for
Ans. (i) Balanced Chemical Equation: each.
Na2SO3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) (i) White silver chloride turns grey due to the
Sodium sulphite Barium chloride decomposition of silver chloride into silver and
→ BaSO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) chlorine by sunlight.
Barium sulphite Sodium chloride (ii) A black coating is formed on the surface of
(White ppt.)
brown copper powder because oxygen is added
(ii) This precipitation reaction is also known as to copper and copper oxide is formed.
double displacement reaction. (iii) When a piece of zinc is dropped in CuSO4
(iii) BaSO3 is a salt of weak acid (H2SO3), therefore solution, zinc being more reactive displaces
dilute HCl decomposes barium sulphite to copper from CuSO4 and forms ZnSO4 solution.
produce sulphur dioxide gas which has the smell During this process, the colour of the solution
of burning sulphur. changes from blue to colourless.
BaSO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → BaCl2 (s) + H2O(l ) + SO2(g) Q 17. When potassium iodide solution is added to
(White ppt.) Barium chloride a solution of lead(II) nitrate in a test tube, a
BaCl2 is soluble in water, hence white precipitate is formed.
precipitate disappears. (i) What is the colour of this precipitate? Name the
compound precipitated.
Q 14. You might have noted that when copper powder is
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for this
heated in a China dish, the surface of copper powder
reaction.
becomes coated with a black colour substance.
(iii) List two types of reactions in which this reaction
(i) How has this black-coloured substance
can be placed. (CBSE 2019)
formed?
Ans. (i) The colour of the precipitate formed is yellow
(ii) What is that black substance?
and the compound precipitated is lead iodide
(iii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction (PbI2).
that takes place.
(ii) The balanced chemical equation for this reaction
Ans. (i) When copper powder is heated, it reacts with
is:
oxygen to form copper oxide which is a black
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI → PbI2 + 2KNO3
colour substance.
Lead(II) Potassium Lead Potassium
(ii) The black substance is copper oxide. nitrate iodide iodide nitrate
(iii) Chemical Equation: (Yellow ppt.)
(iii) The two types of reactions in which the given
2Cu(s) + O2(g) → 2CuO(s)
reaction can be placed are:
Q 15. (i) A + BC → AC + B (a) Precipitation reaction.
(b) Double displacement reaction.
(ii) AB + CD → AC + BD Q 18. What is redox reaction? Identify the substance
Identify the types of reaction mentioned above in oxidised and the substance reduced in the
(i) and (ii). Give one example for each type in the following reactions:
form of a balanced chemical equation. (i) 2PbO + C → 2Pb + CO2
(CBSE SQP 2022-23) (ii) MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2
20 |
Ans. The reaction in which oxidation and reduction take (ii) (a) P4 (s ) + 10Cl2 (g ) → 4PCl5 (s)
place simultaneously is called redox reaction.
(b) CH4 (g ) + 2O2 (g ) → CO2 (g ) + 2H2O( g )
+ Heat energy
TiP (c) C6H12O6 (aq ) + 6O2 (aq ) → 6CO2 (aq ) + 6H2O(l )
Practice a number of questions based on identifying + Heat energy
oxidising and reducing agents.
Q 2. Write the balanced chemical equations for the
(i) Substance Oxidised: C following reactions and identify the type of
Substance Reduced: PbO
reaction in each case:
(i) Thermit reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts
(ii) Substance Oxidised: HCl
with aluminium and gives molten iron and
Substance Reduced: MnO2
aluminium oxide.
Q 19. Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of
(ii) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of
oxygen with two examples each: nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium nitride.
(i) Oxidation (ii) Reduction (NCERT) (iii) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium
Ans. (i) Oxidation is the gain of oxygen. iodide solution to form potassium chloride
For example: solution and solid iodine.
(a) CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O (iv) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide,
   water and releases heat.
Gain of oxygen
-Oxidation (v) Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute
(b) 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO
hydrochloric acid to form lead chloride and
 acetic acid solution. (NCERT ExEmPlaR)
Gain of oxygen
- Oxidation Ans. (i) Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l ) + Heat

In equation (a), H2 is oxidised to H2O and in It is a displacement reaction/redox reaction.

equation (b), Cu is oxidised to CuO. (ii) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s)

(ii) Reduction is the loss of oxygen. It is a combination reaction.

(iii) 2KI(aq) + Cl2(g) → 2KCl(aq) + I2(s)
For example:
It is a displacement reaction.
(a) CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O
  (iv) C2H5OH(l ) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l ) + Heat
Loss of oxygen
- Reduction It is a combustion reaction/redox reaction.
∆ (v) Pb(CH3COO)2(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → PbCl2 (aq)
(b) CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
  + CH3COOH (aq)
Loss of oxygen
- Reduction It is a double displacement reaction.
In equation (a), CO2 is reduced to CO and in Q 3. Write the balanced chemical equations for the
equation (b), CuO is reduced to Cu. following reactions and identify the type of
reaction in each case:
Long Answer Type Questions  (i) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the
presence of a catalyst at 773K to form ammonia
Q 1. (i) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why gas.
should an equation be balanced? (ii) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equation for the acetic acid to form sodium acetate and water.
following reaction: (iii) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form
(a) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine ethyl acetate in the presence of concentrated
to form phosphorus pentachloride. H2SO4.
(b) Burning of natural gas. (iv) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to
form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat
(c) The process of respiration. (CBSE 2015)
and light.
Ans. (i) A balanced chemical equation consists of an
(v) Copper (II) nitrate is heated to form copper
equal number of atoms of different elements in
oxide, oxygen gas and nitrogen dioxide gas.
the reactants and products.
(NCERT ExEmPlaR)
According to law of conservation of mass,
Catalyst
matter can neither be created nor be destroyed Ans. (i) N2 (g ) + 3H2 (g ) → 2NH3 (g )
773 K
in a chemical reaction. So to follow the law, an Ammonia
equation should be balanced. It is a combination reaction.
 science | Class 10 | 21
(ii) NaOH(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) → CH3COONa(aq) Q 6. A metal nitrate A on heating gives yellowish
Acetic acid Sodium acetate brown coloured metal oxide along with brown gas
+ H2O(l ) B and a colourless gas C. Aqueous solution of A
It is an esterification reaction. on reaction with potassium iodide forms a yellow
(iii) C2H5OH(l ) + CH3COOH(l )
precipitate of compound D. Identify A, B, C and
Conc. H2SO4
D. Also identify the types of both the reactions.
→ CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l) Metal present in A is used in alloy which is used
Ethyl acetate for soldering purposes.
It is an esterification reaction.
Ans. Metal nitrate ‘A’ is Pb (NO3)2.
(iv) C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) D
2Pb (NO3)2 (s) → 2PbO (s) + 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
Ethene + Heat + Light Lead nitrate Lead (II) oxide Nitrogen Oxygen
It is a combustion reaction. ‘A’ (Yellowish dioxide (Colourless)
brown) (Brown) ‘C ’
Heat
(v) 2Cu (NO3)2(s) → 2CuO(s) + O2(g) + 4NO2(g) ‘B’
Pb (NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) → PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3(aq)
It is a decomposition reaction. ‘A’ Potassium Lead Potassium
Q 4. (i) Balance the following chemical equations: iodide iodide nitrate
(Yellow ppt.)
(a) NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + H2O ‘D’
(b) PbO + C → Pb + CO2 So, ‘A’ is lead nitrate , ‘B’ is nitrogen dioxide, ‘C’ is
(c) Fe2O3 + Al → Al2O3 + Fe + Heat oxygen and ‘D’ is lead iodide.
(ii) Write the balanced chemical equations for the Here, the first reaction is decomposition reaction
following reactions: while the second one is double displacement
reaction or a precipitation reaction.
(a) Barium chloride + Potassium sulphate
→ Barium sulphate + Potassium chloride Q 7. (i) Explain the following terms with one example
each:
(b) Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
(a) Corrosion (b) Rancidity
(CBSE 2017)
(ii) Explain two ways by which food industries
Ans. (i) (a) 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O prevent rancidity.
(b) 2PbO + C → 2Pb + CO2 Ans.
(c) Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe + Heat
(ii) (a) BaCl2 + K2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2KCl
(b) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
TiP
Carefully understand the concept of corrosion and
Q 5. (i) Identify the type of reactions taking place in each rancidity with examples.
of the following cases and write the balanced
chemical equations for the reactions. (i) (a) Corrosion: It is a natural process in which metals
are slowly eaten up by the action of air, moisture
(a) Barium chloride solution is mixed with copper
or chemicals. For example, rusting is a form of
sulphate solution and a white precipitate is
corrosion in which iron is eaten up by the action
obtained.
of air and moisture and a reddish brown coating
(b) On heating copper powder in air, the surface of iron oxide is formed as shown in the following
of the copper powder turns black.
chemical reaction.
(ii) What happens when hydrogen gas is passed over
2Fe (s ) + 3H2O (l ) → Fe2O3 (s ) + 3H2 (g )
the heated copper oxide? Write the chemical
equation involved in this reaction. (b) Rancidity: When the substance containing oils
and fats are exposed to air, they get oxidised and
Ans. (i) (a) The reaction is double decomposition reaction.
become rancid due to which their smell, taste
Chemical Equation: and colour changes. This process is known as
BaCl2 (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) → BaSO4(s) + CuCl2(aq) rancidity. For example, when butter is kept open
for a long time, then its smell and taste gets
(b) The reaction is a combination/redox reaction.
changed.
Heat
Chemical Equation: 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO (ii) Rancidity can be prevented in the following ways:
(a) By adding antioxidants to food containing fats
(ii) When hydrogen gas is passed over heated and oils.
copper oxide (CuO), the black coating on the
(b) By filling nitrogen gas to the packaging of fat and oil
surface turns brown as the reaction takes place
containing foods.
between CuO and H2 gas and copper is obtained.

CuO + H2 → Cu
Heat
+ H2O
Common eRROR !
(Black) (Brown) Students often give wrong ways to prevent rancidity.
22 |

Chapter Test
Multiple Choice Questions Q 6. Assertion (A): Quicklime reacts vigorously with
Q 1. In the given equation, water releasing a large amount of heat.
Cu + XHNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + YNO2 + 2H2O Reason (R): A solution of quicklime is used for
The values of X and Y are: whitewashing walls.
a. 3 and 5 b. 8 and 6 Case Study Based Question
c. 4 and 2 d. 7 and 1
Q 7. Reactions in which one element takes place of
Q 2. When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a
another element in a compound, are known as
blue solution of copper sulphate, a black precipitate
displacement reactions. In general, more reactive
of copper sulphide is obtained and sulphuric acid is
formed in the solution. The reaction is an example
elements displaces a less reactive element from its
of:
compound. In all single displacement reactions,
a. combination reaction
only one element displaces another element from its
b. displacement reaction
compound. The single displacement reactions are,
c. decomposition reaction
however, written as just displacement reactions.
d. double displacement reaction
Read the above passage carefully and give the
Q 3. Which among the following statement(s) is/are
answer of the following questions:
true? Exposure of silver chloride to sunlight for a (i) Describe what happens when zinc metal is added
long duration turns grey due to: to a solution of copper sulphate.
(i) the formation of silver by decomposition of (ii) State the observation when magnesium ribbon is
silver chloride added to dilute hydrochloric acid.
(ii) sublimation of silver chloride (iii) Can a displacement reaction be also a redox
(iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from silver reaction?
chloride (iv) Discuss the practical applications of displacement
(iv) oxidation of silver chloride reactions in everyday life or industry.
a. Only (i) b. (i) and (iii)
Very Short Answer Type Questions
c. (ii) and (iii) d. Only (iv)
Q 4. Identify the substance that is oxidised and the Q 8. Write a balanced chemical equation with state
substance that is reduced in the following reaction: symbols for the following reaction:
CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l ) Iron filings react with steam to produce solid iron
a. CuO, H2 b. H2, CuO (II, III) oxide and hydrogen gas.
c. H2O, Cu d. Cu, H2O Q 9. Consider the following reaction:
Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l)
Assertion and Reason Type Questions
Is it a redox reaction of not? If yes, which substance
Directions (Q. Nos. 5-6): Each of the following questions acts as oxidising agent and which one as the
consists of two statements, one is Assertion (A) and the other reducing agent?
is Reason (R). Give answer:
Short Answer Type-I Questions
a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true
and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Q 10. Classify each of the following reactions as
Assertion (A). Combination, decomposition, displacement or
b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but double displacement reactions:
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of (i) 2KNO3(s) → 2KNO2(s) + O2(g)
Assertion (A). (ii) Zn(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
c. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(iii) Ni(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Ni(OH)2(s)
d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Q 5. Assertion (A): Reaction between sodium sulphate + 2NaNO3(aq)
and barium chloride is a double displacement and Burn
(iv) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
precipitation reaction.
Reason (R): Reaction between sodium sulphate Q 11. A green salt on heating decomposes to produce
and barium chloride involves the exchange of ions a colourless suffocating gas and leaves behind a
between the reactants and a white precipitate of reddish brown residue. Name the salt and write the
barium sulphate is formed. decomposition reaction.
 science | Class 10 | 23
Q 14. Identify the substance that is oxidised and
Wafting gas gently the substance that is reduced in the following
towards nose reactions:
(i) ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)
(ii) 4Na(s) + O2(g) → 2Na2O(s)
Do not point the (iii) CuO(s) + H2(g) → Cu(s) + H2O(l)
mouth of boiling Boiling tube
Green salt Q 15. A metal X acquires a green colour coating on its
tube at your
neighbours or surface on exposure to air.
yourself Burner (i) Identify the metal X and name the process
responsible for this change.
(ii) Name and write chemical formula of the green
coating formed on the metal.
Q 12. Distinguish between an exothermic and an
(iii) List two important methods to prevent the
endothermic reaction. Amongst the following
process.
reactions, identify the exothermic and the
endothermic reaction. Long Answer Type Questions
(i) Heating of coal in air to form carbon dioxide Q 16. Identify the type of chemical reaction in the
(ii) Heating limestone in a lime kiln to form quick following statements and define each of them.
lime (i) Electric current is passed through acidified
Short Answer Type-II Questions water to give hydrogen and oxygen gas.
(ii) Rusting of iron
Q 13. (i) Write the essential condition for the following
(iii) Heating of manganese dioxide with aluminium
reaction to take place:
powder
2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2
(iv) Blue colour of copper sulphate solution
Also, write application of this reaction. disappears when iron filings are added to it.
(ii) Two reactions are given below: (v) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen
(a) 2KI + Cl2 → 2KCl + I2 Q 17. Define a chemical reaction. State four observations
(b) 2K + Cl2 → 2KCl which help us to determine that a chemical
Identify the type of reaction giving justification reaction has taken place. Write one example of each
in each case. observation with a balanced chemical equation.