MongoDB and Mongoose Complete
Notes (Easy & Step-by-Step)
Chapter 1: MongoDB Basics
MongoDB is a NoSQL database used to store data in JSON-like documents.
It stores data in collections (similar to tables in relational DBs).
Each collection contains documents with fields and values.
MongoDB is schema-less, meaning flexible and dynamic data structure.
Key Concepts:
- Document: JSON-like object (key-value pairs).
- Collection: Group of documents.
- Database: Container of collections.
Example Document:
{
name: 'Raj',
age: 25,
city: 'Delhi'
}
Installation:
- Download MongoDB Community Server from official website.
- Start MongoDB server using `mongod` command.
- Use `mongo` shell or GUI tools like MongoDB Compass to interact.
Chapter 2: Mongoose (ODM) Introduction
Mongoose is an Object Data Modeling (ODM) library for MongoDB and Node.js.
It provides a schema-based solution to model application data.
Allows you to define schemas, models, and perform CRUD easily.
Setup:
npm install mongoose
Basic Concepts:
- Schema: Defines structure of documents.
- Model: Represents a collection and provides an interface to interact.
Example:
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
name: String,
age: Number
});
const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);
const newUser = new User({ name: 'Raj', age: 25 });
newUser.save();
Chapter 3: CRUD Operations with Mongoose
Create: Insert new documents.
Read: Find documents.
Update: Modify existing documents.
Delete: Remove documents.
Examples:
Create:
const user = new User({ name: 'Sita', age: 22 });
user.save();
Read:
User.find({}, (err, users) => {
console.log(users);
});
Update:
User.updateOne({ name: 'Sita' }, { age: 23 }, callback);
Delete:
User.deleteOne({ name: 'Sita' }, callback);
Chapter 4: Advanced Mongoose Features
Validation: Define rules for fields.
Middleware: Functions that run before/after certain events.
Population: References between collections.
Indexing: Improve query performance.
Example - Validation:
const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
name: { type: String, required: true },
age: { type: Number, min: 0 }
});
Example - Middleware:
userSchema.pre('save', function(next) {
console.log('Before saving:', this);
next();
});
Example - Population:
const postSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
author: { type: mongoose.Schema.Types.ObjectId, ref: 'User' },
content: String
});
Post.find().populate('author').exec((err, posts) => { console.log(posts); });
Chapter 5: Real-World CRUD Example
Setup Express server.
Connect to MongoDB using Mongoose.
Define User schema & model.
Implement Create, Read, Update, Delete API endpoints.
Example code snippet:
const express = require('express');
const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const app = express();
app.use(express.json());
mongoose.connect('mongodb://localhost:27017/testdb');
const userSchema = new mongoose.Schema({ name: String, age: Number });
const User = mongoose.model('User', userSchema);
app.post('/users', async (req, res) => {
const user = new User(req.body);
await user.save();
res.send(user);
});
app.get('/users', async (req, res) => {
const users = await User.find();
res.send(users);
});
app.put('/users/:id', async (req, res) => {
const user = await User.findByIdAndUpdate(req.params.id, req.body, { new: true });
res.send(user);
});
app.delete('/users/:id', async (req, res) => {
await User.findByIdAndDelete(req.params.id);
res.send({ message: 'User deleted' });
});
app.listen(3000, () => console.log('Server running on port 3000'));
