[ s bisnisuniow THEORY Probabilihy distnibubion The probabilities ase obtained wing onmuda Distribution Disenete Continous x Benonutal + Unifoane 1 Pointron. * digg! ¥ Negative binoraval ——* + Greometnce " Se steyper pomebic . s ecponential + Wecbull Poreko + hog normal |pucnske diinbatons ') Bernoulle's Liataibubion. . BY i dileoreel by Sins mathanac - tical urrich one mode ib tne dp ts nok om integer ean Jower Basnoulli for % aa tie ouktoraes fos owl ™~ (© DH mG P-L, (rap. 35 > mode ag succor with — fpilune wate (not an ar 7p tad on na probability P probability 4 Yn PeLy (nenp- hs medal nad) Nusabor of fried # ome Cnkege) +443 (hoo needa) Prd te given by ght opel Peds fra. moa eee © Othe cI o- : Means p 3 vaxtamce > p4 smagbs(4*P S00 PH Here mean » vanance Binomial distnibulions The number ef bali te finite Prog is Plas 6) preras may, i > Otpenurise oepet ripe parame! ® dunoted by ew Blnep) ® Moy have ome on tae modes ‘99526 32300 © scanned with OKEN Scanner © scanned with OKEN Sanne® Pigsos, dutnibubion u symmetric + Hewvo segramelnic ib PEF * poribively Mawed “th Poor w negabinely skewed ib PrO-e ® Cumabauds kenp 5 Ke pg Kee mp (a-p>_aokys Mpa Uh bad i dation om Meum degfeipi DURE AN oe, git © Ty xv BEnapy YB ina Ps he may axe independent Han xtY ~B(nitna, x~BEh py & Yo B(ma- Pa) thew ay is not a binendal variate @ mre bivontally distacbubed with parameter niandp Man Yo ox binonaiably distaibuted vith ™ ood 4, (a) x Bln PD Ye (nex? ~ Blr-9) 1, than Binomial becomes Berreul ‘oosae aaivo “OF Scanned with OMEN Samer [ BINOMIAL. Poisson | atomermie EE] be Ye. oa ae pe ee Bi tl Gap ate onga) 2° caren) : Patience mate | att maa |g lamas = skis | caepey ele | ay ma | Se a = _ Me Ota ie Font> probabilty » C+) , Cor). p Pe) Gay WD Cunmatant > ky,,* 9 de Pacamnples and & play o in which Heise a aali im the nabo 3:2 Fond Als chance of winning atleast Hhovee qeres out of five game played Total wandber oh gamer (nd* 342° P be probabilihy that A urns (pd SEP Eo WB pr Bi gee ve gne% Plxem) = nee pe 4 me BES™ To find» P(KS3) = Plk=3) + P(K=4) + P[xe 5) ~ 5613} ay 96 (BSE + 96518) (8) He O28, HT “BPR DL WED WES) OS +283 og 3a5 The probabilihy cyna's chance of winning atleast Howe games ont of five gamer played i, O88 Beidnt coin ane tomed Airmaltonco Find the probabikihy wh qthing Haas Jin heads Sebution nsf a pei (prob: oh qothing head) ep rae ples a)» nity Prag ™ eT)” 16, (49 Plotleast wx heads) ~ Plx>t) = pie 6) 4 Ple= 7)4 Plies) se OF Scanned with OKENSanner OF Scanned with OKEN Scanneroe The probabilihy of gethng oHeast Hin heads 6 30. 2st Othe probability of & man hithing * laagek WI TY he fines shiner what i the probabikly of hithng the faagel atleast trite 2 Peimon Auutnibution: Th was discovered by mothenalticcan Simon dents Poizgon @T} on bivoratal wn — Net known KG vony Lange wel vonge nal we we poison distntbution. @viumber of trials iu indehinil @ npor (finite) ee @hrobabilihy of muccou it vom smal} ® pws i given by endef ee 1 m9), French a @ This us ved for MU events. erample- To find wuneber of dafective bulls produce in the factor @W- has two modes cr owe mode. If > us not an antegen, Mode» [x] (owe mods) Dwiwlegen, rel and » are moder @ VW & poubvehy Atawed distribubion. oud cusre i Leptokunticn @ Th x amd ane polaon variates (ndependenb). xy is abo a poimon varcabe + x-¥ need nok be 0 polaiton variate @ Recurrence selabion jor probabilibier ue BD PO) ee ® Sum ef independent poimon vasiotes u again © polation weslabe W xHPld — than En ~ PLZ elie ie hdr @ Cumnadowds © k= Kye Kye Ke @Mean duviation abou ran is (2 tines SD © scanned with OMEN Sanne © scanned with OKEN SanneTEX amd Y ase Wdependent poison, Vaniates then conditional distnibution of X given yay is binomial © scanned with OKEN Sanne pe a book Sao pages, 340 typo /@ raphical esroxs occur. Aumnaing poison Jaw fon number of emo per page . find the probabilihy that 4 random sample oF 5 pager unl coutain WO exon [Solution Average turbes of typographical erro Pe page tn the book A= faa B20. pore By poimon faur, vee probability % % enon pox page & given by hye pone, oe Pld eos BSED 0,10, Tm The sequived pnobabilly that a nandom sonaple of = page vill Contain no exon if : y [Pte oy} » (e?™) Le TX U poiswon variate ach that Pe-2) «4 Plka4)-+ FoP(e-b): Find > © scanned with OMEN SanneGeomelsic distncbubon Th (pone) Here are independe Eniali on sepeltkions and wa £ach twial the probalilch of mecen semaine the fame (N). then Here are x failures treceeding He final miccers Ue given by onstnce distribubions @ The pp of geomelaie disbaibubion o< Pel; onl le ee asi-P bo , otheawise ® yane qometnce dutnibution He conditional distribubion of ¥ given KY & unipoaren ds) Xv a qeometnio say cunefoum ® 1 pomewer meronylens properly ® Hee, variance » mean. Hyper-qeomebnic dis tribution, when the population ih finite amd tarephing 6 done without seplacenen and tha events are dependent then we Me tperqeomelsic ditnibubion @ The peswll of cack Anau has rerbegar @ the probability of mace cl ba each deaus @ Succowive draws dre dependent @daawing « repeated ficed number ef tree Bona fl ie given by yy pres Px Ke hk NMA) = { (02 $ heat. min(n N ° (*) J olhaurse where Nis pombive wotegen, M is poritive integer nok exceeding N nis pos tnt. Hat is almost 8 @ Mypergeonchiic tends be binomial a4 Nove and Msp Hi © scanned with OKEN Sanne © scanned with OKEN Sanneshane pomd x ant the parameters Th re, than pOd- 9p 5 %+ 0,12 4 function of qronubie distribubon Hence negative binonaial dish mau be a4 gpoesalisation ob jpomsinic ldistrcbution. Ty pamdy ase bnoum, Kegabire binomial distibubion may be, fegarded os Rascals dibbnibution uid Negalive binowu na : qatine binoratad dialacbubion. ‘app ond ge he tha O71 the pres of negative binoraial we a mae Aitribution ns ee, rn Pon nteNC eon: See Peers poo: f(t wed) pq® 1x20), { 5 pe | olanusine san peal Home nave inom ree ty pete a qet-ps Be « 4g fe Te veo» (eB Hap tombnD (eT = (a) Cap) woh which is polyols distribution usith parzrneta a‘ pend sess © sent oe ee erpamion (8-7) Mah = @-pety~ Mean awd vancameznine Ferrer a P aud @ ane ¥P amd ¥?Q respectively We) Mean < Vamonee Cumulankey &,2*P 5 kee ¥PO bye APUG 5 ye PALL ETD Srleams of powdg > mean» Ya vanionce + 44. 7 Staumens > LD, kuatosis » (P54) my a Neqalive binoratal —> prison as P2% foath Hoot ¥P> finite. © scanned with OKEN SeamerProbetility (Pah) = normal xm XX Or toe neither P word vou Penal LE piecon 4 Wonall Bp Xo ivan ane wolepend| idenkiz distributed wormal vaniates with naeon i von o% than then mean TAF IAS ACADE "aot pth 99526 s23q0 & Band von wo "@ITp xwnlo ,YoN(0.) then x ye Cauchy ayy xy x NOD S ~ comchup tor ar Pee |e aCaN seas aa737 @the wave is bell shaped amd feymnactintcal | about xh @® Mean, medcan, raode coineide J@ x amis eA angonphote te te y @ ho portion ix balou xr ars oS I@In normal diatribubon , QIIMDd:SD slot ass Mean deviation abowl means ho @Ouartle deviakion aboul mann > Ze @ Bewstetn'e theorem Th x amd ¥ ang pindependent ama Mae distnibated Aamdonn vorts with twike) vasuamees aon th pe xay and VeXeY ox independent Hien olf nevis XY, Uy Wade woxnnalliy distributed lea). malas bid ave wh Haile f Vaniemce than eorencon distbyon) none yO One if amd oly th and 26 ative independent the probability cam never be neg ‘ pe in }@ Pornts ee uae ber 1 [@Moments of odd ondex vouish. Ona Me phe ea ews Mode funswodal)2-| | |Mdeugaanee ndlalion fon even ondes OTe cave e » | mode Wight > 2s (aver, by ye 72D Bagg fro oie oes Sag an, ace @lotal probability eh cue 1 ccuapumaty (@TE x ~N(OD Han ~ "aaa a 99526 3: BOR ANS Real®A tevear combination of wmdependent honmal variate iu also a nosmal variate a) ym WME eR) ten Hee 2ary~n Gan, Ze) Problenet : Find the mean amd sd of mon Aulnibukion uskode pdb URE) ke” Setution nad (hae 2D ® - t [esse] > Tew 4 - 0 ay ke FE Le aoe Ket BS —o By normal dita Flr Jee —® On tomparing OOD we get Les mean = — o. sp 2 2 ‘TAF IAS ACADE Jo Ye S89 UY UV UN VU I TT ea [OTe wan Yad fn one acna pak wo 662 kilos with a sd Ba kilos - Amaning houmal distsibulion, how Many ove Jacae plots im a balch of looe plots Joould you expect to have yield iy oven 700 kilos ip below eso bilos |Setution Ke N (bio) 5 Me bb? DThe prob that a. plot box yi yoo kilos qvem by” _ P(x soe) = PZ ID, ; oe ae oven 2 05-Ploe ZEIID 05-03830 (tom ai eek au Hao ep: yield oven 700 felon iiD P(x P(2< -0:30, z 50 7 = ” P¢ (b c + P(z>0 eaneld) at =n Oyen pay EHD 7 OB -Ploee £0.28) ~ 20:5 - 0.1480 ag 70.352 - Hence in batch f woo plo, the = Expected mannber o plots tithe : Yield below 450 kilos i leroy 0352 m + 859 & : - bad in a 3 a g9sae 536 22500 > tad Ss. Find Pigbe x4 40) oh atiom + p(2béx2 yo) = P[-k 42 ¢ 2D = Plots zea) +Plot ee > ; Tle pay a P(e ze) aprons =o “Tart 20-1653 Find Pix Bas? faa above vale p(ixsabz Pos 9. ase er th reo xv -( Piro neds o3ea acatiaaa RA PlxeaS)= P(2za ( \ a EOD eae Seon Pl22D z + 45-3057 0.5 —p(onzeD 5 25 ORES o.00las P( tv-3e | >5)-1-P(I-30) #2 Pin 20 aie ag) i510 ax 2 58D » Plobe 4495), P(-t4 24D 22 P06 241) A K03uI3, + O-b¢ab Plix-30)>5)2 I~ O-b82b + O-3V7Ty TAF IAS ACADEMY maDuRAT (-<] jae 5 z mae Auladdzle] [SRA | | | ere) fo jo as ae 2] [2 [2 [gke 4 3 = foe sf bool.) etek | Eb. sae la autre Het 2| 2/4 |e seh ¥ S| 3| a VS BS BaP 4 ae SREL SHE lane a PP le 3) fetelal |b 3 Slappoituey |= 2 Jalvle) Jee fea z =| fee da| fae a Palbay é 3 iifta:| fs g) 43/2 esl | es (8 /3/4/s lle? ale i Hel F sehLog. wormaal tial The powilive qandom vantable ey faid to have Auk Y lager ie wormatly dainibuled lt Y= log ~ Nt) [fon x70, Flaxde PER Plage tog.) Log Worrall é spies yh xX» -. fas 4 a A (SEY yi alt fie, Maloy of Je i sPE =a] For x4 Fer ex | Fo P(RL DO Aisice is pore ‘ per rah eayey FW)= , wee L acon ©, wto @ BH rH Ne) than Yo ete called nev, wince itt Logarithm normal lagen He ee to aha nv. : @In parkewlan i} we take , fog tee N Cleger, 2 then Means wee (ey OD) X.% ee Xn ee aek Ob died nevis fuch that mean of each logxi bt te ound ik van s%, then product Kikar Xn asymptotically distibited according te oganithate norraat dislncbukion vith mean K amd vartounce ne Pactowgutan, (unihorrs) Autnibubion A nv is dotd te have) coubinuous nectangruder (uniforna) distribulion over (a,b) (axaebeoo) ib pa be $(a3a,b) = [Ps loge. x>O vane be pipaexe | otherwise dauoled by x~ lat] toate. ‘99526 32300FOO ie qiven by roo fate Sh ' + xeb @ Fox a neckangular distribubion 6a.) pay foe praencn 0, Othawise amd ik mean +05 van= a Mi) + Bobet moments of: even onder = aired wa distributed over i ot Loni) fond Prob OES UR Ty ce Slubion - : By wanifpnn dlubnibution td Foe. Ge -Aekee VF hein a bev 3 nrisineler OPED = Te das als 3 elbte tho ee ee ee @ the cumulative didsibubion function DOs Fade 2 via = (1029 & io > TAF as ACADEMY ‘tan lame 99526 32300OP(3 bea aot ac + p>» de 2 pes Dee P(xco)= i Pode = jan $ eens Hor, i loon te. 99526 32300 LTV ee VUUUUUUUUT UCI ELEE | Exponenbiad dakncbaBon: : A nv ts said to have exponential} distnibublon with parameter 070, th pdf ix 8x Sead. f 66, x20 ©, cthauwise Tha Cunulative ditncbubion function HFG I e8™" x20 oy vy theaurue @ the Aisdububion u— poritively skews amd Gaptokunbie © For exponential dlstatbubson varios may be >. 4 eee be mane ob sippeet vik ert i) 6 Variance peau, Variance = wiscin Vorcante MON I@U posserses reso} property cia)| x hat exponential diushe. Ha pow encaly tovibemt aro, P(Ys x] xxa) = P(LE A) #%, wRene Ye Xo arz OT} xty, ty cae independent mv's , X4 having exp:dish with parannater Opi te-19 "4 Hi then Zemacin (ty. %p.-%n) han expo: dite wr Pasa 2.9; Problews OTe amount of time a Mudent bakes te solve any (preblem Jollee expo dishn with awe arnounk cy tine equal 2 Ie mine. WRak will be prob: that he val akon Sraimuter to soln the problem Lethon Given, Student takes grins bo salve the) Iprcblens Fae. eP* x20 sis Los Means oe Fox) - ose OPF* The prob- Haat he vall take Smninuter Lolve tre problem is F(5)~ ory 662 .ero) 0-067 on soling » F5)- Oh mobile convemabion follows exp aiahn FO0+ Le what ia the prob: thot conversation takes mons Man Sting 7 Solution : Given. Pod + et Plas)» “Pees = The prob. Hat conversation taker more than Simin Ke ee OA continuous mv has pars Hx me x ro EMA K, E(x varlx} TAFIAS ACADEMY MAURAT line hi 99526 32300Exponenhal dinhne ie OG eye. 396 O oO one Faye ae’s _@ comparing © *@ EN {AFIAS AcapEMY MapuRat Gamma diutnibaicn A ny x wu said to have a gare dishe. ucith parameter neo. ib ts pat avo, oem kee fo ° | ofhenurine, JOT. cunmbabiverdutarbubion funckon falled doconsplebe ‘ane. iste FO. i ete a MAu jx>0 Feds (yrisau se De ©, oMhenue * WOOT tele Omagh is givin by My! @ Mean = Varwamee= & @OStaumers Pima Velbhoms pyr 345 @te mum Ff independent gawme variates is also qane Varate far th HVA MIRE an OMe, Undependent v's then Bnet ee) (99826 323002 > > > a 2 |@Standand qanaa Vaniate tends to slawdasd normal variate Gprma dish fends bo normal dish For Jorge value of parameter a) OTS X~Nlo,d than (HD ~ ¥(Y2) JOM ¥~N ue an Ae Beta diaPnabution Bele dindnibution of fimst letnd » Aw x iu said to have beta Aishe of Sind kind with paranedent Mand v (ise, veo) & te par H a (ae (eee) wet once mean = Gre wave @ Modes BeL be receMoone Moy va Yh von = MCE Wd © Skawment pie HVHD* (Meee by (paws a” @ kurtors p,. sured (Mr e+ ACES vlna (Ht 4 D> OT X-B(Ky) ten (eK PD Vent oe 2 4yttk (ey Ap x ~ Ba(teiy) Hen Yu defined os yo die then yw Bi (M.w> 99826 32300 aeComchy Aictnibution : oid to hove Oo te pl Amv xe t ve Atamdard Caunclay distribubion by Pee | em kee THD ' ® Corrchy distribution with parameters A oma Khas Haassb ewe do CM Melly kg Ho Canchuy varied with parameters (Ayr AY, MEMS) @©Nuan of cauchy distaibution does mot exist @T} xy pandand Camchy disks , then PAS for st a beta dunn oh Meco bind WHR (Egy. Wy x = Hed camchay Alen ple oh 4 te Ale D OM xww6 lo.) yantod then % eal Corel tic tire variate the shawdand weebull distribution ik pblainad by faking dor Keo, 8° pag Ch ahd wD PYD= cre a, x20 [wonghe_pananreten "SadieOMeans [esd @variamee = [esi - [fess] Blab ¥ Ciera md be iid namdom variables Then matin (rita Ke) hos wetbud dice if th the common dist of xia if Poneto distribution : Pareto dittnibution u characherised by tivo parameten - acale (%wa, Hhape © Ms pdb ie Poo) = i i Bre aren (ten XD °