HKDSE NEW CHEMISTRY − A Modern View Book 1B
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Chapter 5 Atomic structure
Class practice 5.1 (p.5)
1. A, C
2. (a) C
(b) A
3. Diameter of an atom in mm = 4 × 10−10 × 1000 mm = 4 × 10−7 mm
1 mm
Number of atoms = -7 = 2.5 × 106 or 2 500 000
4 × 10 mm
Class practice 5.2 (p.8)
1. Neutron
2. 91
3. No. This is because the number of protons and the number of electrons are not equal
in that particle.
Class practice 5.3 (p.10)
1.
Atomic Mass Number of
Atom
number number protons neutrons electrons
Neon 10 20 10 10 10
Potassium 19 39 19 20 19
Gold 79 197 79 118 79
Iron 26 56 26 30 26
14
2. (a) 7N
39
(b) 19K
37
3. 17X
Class practice 5.4 (p.12)
1. (a) 3
16
(b) 8O
2. A and D. This is because they have the same number of protons but different numbers
of neutrons.
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HKDSE NEW CHEMISTRY − A Modern View Book 1B
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Class practice 5.5 (p.16)
1. (a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 235
2. Relative atomic mass of Ga = 69 × 60.2% + 71 × 39.8% = 69.8
3. Let the relative abundance of Mg and that of Mg be y% and (90 − y)% respectively.
24 26
24.3 = 24 × y% + 25 × 10% + 26 × (90 − y)%
24.3 = 0.24y + 2.5 + 23.4 − 0.26y
y = 80
∴the relative abundance of Mg and that of Mg are 80% and 10% respectively.
24 26
Class practice 5.6 (p.22)
1. (a) 2
(b) 2,5
(c) 2,8,7
(d) 2,8,8,1
2. (Accept showing electrons by crosses)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Reading to learn (p.19)
1. A gold atom is mostly empty space.
2. Both alpha particles and the nuclei of gold atoms are positively charged. If an alpha
particle comes very close to the nucleus of a gold atom, it will be strongly repelled by
the nucleus of the gold atom and deflected, or even bounced back.
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HKDSE NEW CHEMISTRY − A Modern View Book 1B
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Chapter 5 Chapter exercise (p.27)
A. Fill in the blanks (p.27)
1. atom
2. sizes; masses
3. nucleus; protons; neutrons; Electrons
4. proton; electron; neutron
5. protons
6. protons; neutrons
7. Isotopes
8. carbon-12; relative isotopic mass
9. relative isotopic masses
10. electron shells
11. electronic arrangement
B. Practice questions (p.27)
12.
Number of Full
Atomic Mass
Element atomic
number number protons neutrons electrons symbol
4
Helium 2 4 2 2 2 2He
14
Nitrogen 7 14 7 7 7 7N
19
Fluorine 9 19 9 10 9 9F
23
Sodium 11 23 11 12 11 11Na
35
Chlorine 17 35 17 18 17 17Cl
39
Potassium 19 39 19 20 19 19K
13. (a) 2,6
(b) 2,8,3
(c) 2,8,4
(d) 2,8
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HKDSE NEW CHEMISTRY − A Modern View Book 1B
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14. (Accept showing electrons by crosses)
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
15.
(a) (b) (c)
C. Multiple-choice questions (p.28)
16. A
There is no neutron in the atoms of H.1
17. B
18. C
19. C
20. B
Relative atomic mass of element X = 12 × 98.9% + 13 × 1.1% = 12.0
D. Structured questions (p.29)
21. (a) No. This is because in an atom, the number of protons (positively charged) is equal to the
number of electrons (negatively charged). 1
(b) Electrons 1
(c) Protons and neutrons 2
(d) In an atom, protons and neutrons are concentrated in the nucleus. 1
Besides, the masses of protons and neutrons are relatively much larger than that of electrons.
1
Hence, most of the mass of the atom is in the nucleus.
22. (a) Q and R 1
They have the same number of protons. 1
(b) Carbon 1
13
(c) For atom P: 5P 1
13
For atom Q: 6Q 1
For atom R: 146R 1
14
For atom S: 7S 1
23. (a) Isotopes are atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons but different
numbers of neutrons. 1
(b) (i) Number of protons = 14; number of neutrons: 28 − 14 = 14 2
(ii) 28 1
(iii) (100 − 92.23 − 4.68)% = 3.09% 1
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HKDSE NEW CHEMISTRY − A Modern View Book 1B
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(iv) Relative atomic mass of Si
= 28 × 92.23% + 29 × 4.68% + 30 × 3.09% = 28.1 2
(v) (Accept showing electrons by crosses) 1
Chapter 5 Exam practice (p.31)
A. Multiple-choice questions (p.31)
1. A (60%)
2. D
39
K has 20 neutrons and the atom under discussed has 20 protons.
3. B
Option (A): number of neutrons = 55 − 25 = 30
Option (B): number of neutrons = 57 − 26 = 31
Option (C): number of neutrons = 57 − 27 = 30
Option (D): number of neutrons = 58 − 28 = 30
4. B
5. C
6. C
Let the relative abundance of 69 71
31X and that of 31X be y% and (100 − y)% respectively.
69.7 = 69 × y% + 71 × (100 − y)%
69.7 = 0.69y + 71 − 0.71y
y = 65
∴the relative abundance of 69 71
31X and that of 31X are 65% and 35% respectively.
7. D
8. B
If Q is one of the first 20 elements in the Periodic Table, then the electronic arrangement of the atoms of
Q may be 2,5 or 2,8,5.
9. C
Boron has two naturally occurring isotopes in nature, namely boron-10 and boron-11 (refer to Self-test
5.1 on p.15).
D. Structured questions (p.32)
10. (a) 2 1
(b) Yes. This is because the isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties. 1
3
(c) 1H 1
(d) They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 1
11. (a) Isotopes 1
(b) 18 1
(c) These atoms have different numbers of neutrons. 1
(d) The relative atomic mass of argon is the weighted average of the relative isotopic masses
of all of its naturally occurring isotopes on the 12C = 12.00 scale. 1
40
As the relative atomic mass of argon is almost equal to the relative isotopic mass of 18Ar,
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HKDSE NEW CHEMISTRY − A Modern View Book 1B
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40
the most abundant type of atoms in the sample is 18 Ar. 1
12. (a) 2,7 1
(b) Sulphur has more than one isotope. 1
OR
Some sulphur atoms have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
(1)
(c) A fluorine atom has 9 protons, 9 electrons and 10 neutrons. 1
The protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral) are concentrated in the nucleus of
fluorine atom. 1
Electrons (negatively charged) are moving in electron shells surrounding the nucleus of
fluorine atom at a very high speed. 1
Communication mark 1
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