Statistics :

It is the science that deals with the collection,

presentation of the numerical.

1. Data :
The word ‘data’ means information or a set of
given facts .

(I) Primary Data :

The data collected by the investigator himself is

known as the primary data.

The best source if collecting primary data is

through Questionnaires
 (II) Secondary Data:
The data collected by a person other than the
investigator, is Known as the secondary data.
The data collected from magazines, Newspapers etc.
is secondary data .

Measurements of central tendency –

a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
 Mean-

1. Arithmetic Mean (A.M.):

(I) For any two numbers a and b,

1
A. M. = (𝑎 + 𝑏)
2

(II) For 𝑛 observation 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 … … … . , 𝑥𝑛 we have

1
A.M.= 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 + … . +𝑥𝑛 .
𝑛

(III) When some observation have frequency more

than1, then

(𝑓 ×𝑥 ) (𝑓 ×𝑥 )
A.M. = = .
𝑓 𝑛

Combined Arithmetic Mean –

If 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , … . . 𝑥𝑘 are the mean of k series of having

𝑛1 , 𝑛2 , 𝑛3 … . . 𝑛𝑘 values respectively. Then the mean 𝑥 of the
composite series is

𝑛1 . 𝑥1 + 𝑛2 . 𝑥2 + 𝑛3 . 𝑥3 , … . . 𝑛𝑘 . 𝑥𝑘
𝑥=
𝑛1 + 𝑛2 + 𝑛3 + ⋯ . . +𝑛𝑘
Weighted Arithmetic Mean –

If 𝑤1 , 𝑤2 , 𝑤3 , … . 𝑤𝑛 are the weight assigned to the values

𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥, … . 𝑥𝑛 respectively. Then

𝑤1 . 𝑥1 + 𝑤2 . 𝑥2 + ⋯ . 𝑤𝑛 . 𝑥𝑛
𝑥=
𝑤1 + 𝑤2 + 𝑤3 + ⋯ . . +𝑤𝑛
𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑤 𝑖 𝑥 𝑖
Or 𝑥= 𝑛 𝑤
𝑖=1 𝑖

Remark –

The sum of the deviation of item from A.M. is

always zero.
𝑛
i.e. 𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥 = 0
Geometric Mean (G.M):

(i) For any two number a & b

G.M. = 𝑎𝑏

(ii) For 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 … . . 𝑥𝑛
1
G.M.= (𝑥1 . 𝑥2. … . . . 𝑥𝑛 )
𝑛
2. HARMONIC MEAN (H.M):

(i) For any two numbers a and b

2𝑎 𝑏
H.M.=
𝑎+𝑏

(ii) For 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … . . 𝑥𝑛
𝑛
H.M. = 1 1 1
+ +⋯+
𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥𝑛
 Mode - Highest Occurrence value of the data.

Median :

I. In a ungrouped data, the data is arranged in ascending

or descending order of magnitude .
1
(i) In 𝑛 is odd , then median = (𝑛 + 1)th term.
2
(ii) If 𝑛 is even , then
1 𝑛 𝑛
Median = 𝑡𝑕 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + + 1 𝑡𝑕 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
2 2 2

Remark –

 Mathematical Average are A.M., G.M.,H.M.

 Positional Average are Median and Mode.

Mode = [𝟑(median )−𝟐( 𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 )]

Range - Highest value − Lowest value

Mean Deviation :

(i) Let M be the A.M. of discrete series and

𝛿 = 𝑥 − 𝑀 . then

𝛿
Mean Deviation = .
𝑛

𝑓×𝛿
(ii) Mean Deviation = .
𝑓
Variance –

The variance of a variable is the arithmetic mean of the

squares of all deviations of 𝑥 from the arithmetic mean
of the observations. i.e.

1 𝑛
𝑉𝑎𝑟 𝑥 𝑜𝑟𝜎 2 = 𝑖=1 𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥 2
𝑛

Standard Deviation (𝝈):

The positive square root of the variance of a variable 𝑥 is
known as the standard deviation.

S.D. = 𝜎 = 𝑣𝑎𝑟(𝑥)

𝛿 2
𝜎=
𝑛

Variance = (𝑆. 𝐷. )2
1. Which one of the following is a source of data for
primary investigations ?

bues ls dkSu lk izkFkfed vkWdMs dk JkSr gS \

a. if=dk;s (Magazines )

b. v[kckj (Newspapers)

c. ljdkjh izdk’ku (Government Publications )

d. iz’ukSRrjh (Questionnaires)
2. The total expenditure incurred by an industry under
different heads is best presented as a
fdlh daiuh ds fofHkUUk izdkj ds [kpsZ fdl :i esa O;Dr fd;s tkrs gSaA

a. naM ;k LrEHk vkys[k(Bar diagram )

b. IkkbZ(o`Rr) vkys[k (Pie diagram )

c. vk;r fp+= (histogram )

d. ckjEckjrk cgqHkqt (Frequency Polygon)

3. If the sum of 11 consecutive natural numbers is 2761,
then the middle number is

;fn 11 dzekaxr izkd`r la[;k dk ;ksx 2761 gS] rks ek/; la[;k D;k gSa\

a. 249 b. 250 c. 251 d. 252

4. The average of the values
a. 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,………2n is

0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,………2n dk vkSlr D;k gS \

a. n b. (𝑛 + 1) c. 2 𝑛 d. 2 (𝑛 + 1)
5. If the average of the numbers 148, 146,144,142,…. In
A.P. be 125 then the total number in the series will be

;fn 148, 146, 144, 142,…. dk lekarj ek/; 125 gS rks lekarj
[Link] fd la[;k D;k gS \

a. 18 b. 24 c. 30 d. 48
6. The frequency distribution of some is given number is
Value 1 2 3 4
Frequency 5 4 6 𝑓
If the mean is known to be 3, then the value of 𝑓 is :

dqN la[;kvkas dk vko`fRr forj.k fuEuuqlkj gSA

la[;k 1 2 3 4
vko`fRr 5 4 6 𝑓
;fn ek/; 3 gSa] rks 𝑓 dk eku D;k gksxkA

a. 3 b. 7 c. 10 d. 14
7. The average of the squares of the numbers
0, 1, 2, 3, 4,…….𝑛 is :

0, 1, 2, 3, 4,……. 𝑛 ds oxksZ dk vkSlr D;k gSa\

1
a. 𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)
2
1
b. n (2 n + 1)
6
1
c. 𝑛 + 1 (2𝑛 + 1)
6
1
d. 𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)
6
8. The arithmetic mean of the set of observations
1, 2, 3 … … . 𝑛 is :

1, 2, 3 … … . 𝑛 dk lekarj ek/; D;k gSaA

1 1 1 𝑛
a. 𝑛 b. (𝑛 − 1) c. (𝑛 + 1) d. + 1
2 2 2 2
 1 1 1 1 1
9. If the value 1, , , , , … … . occur at frequencies 1, 2,
2 3 4 5 𝑛
3, 4, 5,…… n respectively in a frequency distribution ,
then the mean is :

1 2
a. 1 b. 𝑛 c. d.
𝑛 𝑛+1
10. The mean of the values of 1,2,3,…….n with
respectively frequency 𝑥, 2𝑥, 3𝑥, … … . . 𝑛𝑥 is :

;fn 1, 2, 3,…….n fd dze’k: vko`fRr 𝑥, 2𝑥, 3𝑥, … … . . 𝑛𝑥 gS rks

ek/; D;k gS \
𝑛
a.
2
1
b. (2𝑛 + 1)
3
1
c. (2 𝑛 + 1)
6
d. none of these
11. If the arithmetic mean of 7,5,13, 𝑥 and 9 be 10, then
the value of 𝑥 is :

;fn 7, 5, 13, 𝑥, 9 dk lekarj ek/; 10 gS rks 𝑥 dk eku D;k gS \

a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 16
12. Average score of 50 students in a class is 44. Later on
it was found that a score 23 was incorrectly recorded
as 73. The correct average score is :

fdlh d{kk ds 50 Nk=ksa dk vkSlr 44 gSaA ckn esa irk pyk dh xyrh ls
23 dh txg 73 vafdr gks x;k] rks lgh ek/; D;k gSa

a. 42 b. 43 c. 45 d. 46
13. Mean of 100 observations is 45, it was later founded
that two observations 19 and 31 were incorrectly
recorded as 91 and 13. The correct mean is :

100 izs{[Link] dk vkslr 45 gS ckn esa irk pyk dh 19 vkSj 31 dh txg

91 vkSj 13 fy[k fn;k x;k rks lgh ek/; D;k gSaA

a. 44 b. 45 c. 44. 46 d. 45.54
14. The average weight of 10 women is decreased by 2 kg
when one them whose weight is 70 kg is replaced by a
new person. the weight of the new person (in kg) is :

;fn 10 efgykvkas dk vkSlr 2 𝑘𝑔 de gks tkrk gS tc 70𝑘𝑔 dh

efgyk fd txg u;h efgyk dks j[kk tk,s rks u;h efgyk dk otu D;k
gSA

a. 68 kg b. 58 kg c. 50 kg d. 45 kg
15. The mean of 𝑛 observation is 𝑥. If one observation
𝑥𝑛+1 is added, then the mean continues to be same. the
value of 𝑥𝑛 +1 is :

𝑛 izs{[Link] dk vkSlr 𝑥 gSaA ;fn 𝑥𝑛+1 tksM+ fn;k tk;s rks ek/; leku
gksrk gSa] rks 𝑥𝑛 +1 dk eku D;k gSaA

a. 0 b. 1 c. 𝑛 d. 𝑥
16. The mean weight of a class of 32 students is 40.5
kg. if the weight of the teacher be included, the mean
rises by 500 g. the weight of the teacher is :

;fn fdlh d{kk esa 32 Nk=ksa dk vkSlr otu 40-5 𝑘𝑔 vkSj mlesa f’k{kd
dk otu feyk fn;k tk;s]rks 500 xzke vkSlr otu c<+ tkrk gSa] rks
f’k{kd dk otu D;k gSaA

a. 41 kg b. 56.5 kg c. 57 kg. d. None of these

17. In a class of 100 students the average amount of
pocket money is Rs. 35 per student, if the average is 25
for girls and Rs. 50 for boys, then the number of girls in
the class is :

fdlh d{kk esa 100 Nk=ksa dk tsc [kpZ 35:-izfr Nk= gS] ;fn yM+fd;ksa
dk vkSlr 25:- izfr yM+fd ,oa yM+dks dk vkSlr 50:- izfr yM+dk rks
d{kk esa yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k D;k gksxh \

a. 20 b. 40 c. 60 d. 80
18. In a class of 50 students, 10 have failed and their
average marks are 28. The total marks obtained by the
entire class are 2800. The average of those who have
passed are :

,d d{kk esa 50 Nk= gS mues ls 28 ds vkSlr ds lkFk 10 Nk= Qsy

gks x;s ! [Link] d{kk ds izkIrkad 2800 gS rks ikl gksus okys Nk=ks dk
vkSlr d;k gS \

a. 43 b. 53 c. 63 d. 70
19. When 10 is subtracted from each of the given
observation , the mean is reduced to 60% if , 5 is added
to all the given observation, the mean will be:

tc fn;s x;s izR;sd izs{k.k es ls 10 dks ?kVk;k tkrk gS rks ek/; 60%
de gks tkrk gS vkSj izR;sd izs{k.k es ls 5 dks tksM fn;k tkrk gS rks
ek/; D;k gksXkk \

a. 25 b. 30 c. 60 d. 65
20. A student obtains 75%, 80% and 85% marks in there
subjects. If the marks of any other subject are added
then their average cannot be less then :

fdlh Nk= dks 3 fo"k;ksa esa 75%, 80% vkSj 85% vad izkIr gq;s ;fn
blesa pkSFks fo"k; ds vad vkSj tksM+ fn;s tk;s rks ml Nk= dk vkSlr
blls de ugha gks ldrk gSaA

a. 60% b. 65% c. 70% d. 80%

21. There are 120 pupils in a class in which 20 are girls
and the rest boys, if the average , marks in
mathematics of the boys be 65 % and that of the girls
80% the average marks of the whole class are :

120 Nk=kas dh d{kk esa 20 yM+fd;kWa gSa ;fn yM+dksa ds [Link] ds izkIrkad
dk vkSlr 65 izfr’kr gSa ,oa yM+fd;ksa dk vkSlr 80 izfr’kr gSa rks [Link]
dk vkSlr iqjh d{kk ds fy;s D;k gSaA

a. 72.5% b. 67.5% c. 70% d. 68.25%

22. The mean weekly Salary paid to 75 workers in a
factory is 2840. The mean salary of 25 of them is Rs.
2700 and that of 30 other is Rs. 2850. The mean salary
of the remaining workers is :

fdlh daEiuh esa 75 deZpkjh;kas dk vkSlr osru 2840:- gSa muesa ls 25

deZpkfj;ksa dk vkSlr osru 2700:-gSa 30 vkSj deZpkfj;kas dk vkSlr osru
2850:- gS rks ’ks"k cps deZpkfj;ksa dk vkSlr osru fdruk gSA

a. Rs. 3250 b. 3050 c . 3000 d. 3500

 23. The following marks were obtained by the
students of a class in a test :
;fn fdlh d{kk ds Nk=ksa ds izkIrkad gS rks ifjlj (range) D;k gSa

81, 72, 90, 86, 92, 70, 71, 83, 89, 95, 85, 79, 62

a. 9 b. 17 c. 27 d. 33
24. In a frequency distribution, the mid-value of a class is
15 and class-size is 4. The lower limit of the class is :

fdlh vko`fRr forj.k esa fdlh d{kk dk e/; fcUnq 15 gSAa vkSj d{kk dh
pkSM+kbZ 4 gSa]rks] d{kk fd fuEu lhek D;k gSa

a. 10 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14
25. The mid-value of a class is 42. If the class size is 10,
then the upper and lower limits of the class are :

fdlh vko`fRr forj.k esa d{kk dk e/; fcUnq 42 gSaA vkSj d{kk dh pkSM+kbZ
10 gS]rksa ml d{kk dh mPp vkSj fuEu lhek gSaA

a. 47 & 37
b. 46 & 38
c. 47.5 & 37.5
d. 48.5 & 38.5
26. The number if times a particular item occurs in a
data is called its

vkdMks es [Link] la[;k gksrh gS

a. fopyu(Variation)
b. ckjEckjrk (Frequency )
c. lap;h ckjEckjrk (cumulative frequency )
d. ek/; (Mean)
27. A.M. of 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑 … … . 𝑎 + 2 𝑚𝑑 is

𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑 … … . 𝑎 + 2 𝑚𝑑 dk laekrj ek/; D;k gSaA

a. 𝒂 + 𝒎𝒅
b. 𝑎 + (𝑚 − 1)𝑑
1
c. 𝑎 + 𝑚𝑑
2
1
d. 𝑎 + 𝑚+1 𝑑
2
28. The variance(izlj.k) of data 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 is

a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 8
29. The standard deviation of 25 number is 40. If each
of the numbers is increased by 5, then the new
standard deviation is
25 la[;kvksa dk ekud fopyu 40 gS ;fn izR;sd la[;k esa 5 tksasM fn;s
tk;s rks u;k ekud fopyu D;k gksxk !
21 21
a. 40 b. 45 c. 40 + d. 40 −
25 25
30. If each observation of a raw data whose variance is
𝜎 2 is multiplied by 𝜆, then the variance of the new set
is ;fn vkWdMks dk izlj.k 𝜎 2 gS mlesa 𝜆 dk [Link] fd;k tk;s rks u;k
izlj.k D;k gksxk

a. 𝜎 2 b. 𝜆2 𝜎 2 c. 𝜆 +𝜎 2 d. 𝜆2 + 𝜎 2
31. If the standard deviation of 0,1,2,3,…….9 is K , then
the standard deviation of 10,11,12,13,……..19 is

;fn 0,1,2,3,…….9 dk ekud fopyu 𝐾 gS rks

10,11,12,13,……..19 dk ekud fopyu D;k gksxk

a. K b. 𝐾 + 10 c. 𝐾 + 10 d. 10 𝐾