(b) During one day, 250 kg of water is pumped through the solar panel.
The temperature of this
water rises from 16 °C to 38 °C.
The water absorbs 25 % of the energy incident on the solar panel. The specific heat capacity
of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the energy incident on the solar panel during that day.
energy = [4]
(c) The solar panel in Fig. 4.1 is designed to heat water.
A person is deciding whether to install solar panels on her house.
List and explain three pieces of information she needs to consider in order to make her
decision.
[4]
(d) The Sun releases energy as a result of nuclear fusion.
State the meaning of nuclear fusion.
[2]
[Total: 14]
(a) State two ways in which the molecular structure of a liquid is different from the molecular
2 (a) (i) State two ways in which the molecular structure of a liquid is different from the molecular
structure of a solid.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Explain, in terms of energy, the process which takes place as a solid at its melting point
changes into a liquid at the same temperature.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) During a severe snowstorm, a layer of snow (ice crystals) forms on the body of an animal in a
field. The snow and the surrounding air are at 0 °C. The snow begins to melt.
(i) The mass of snow that falls on the animal is 1.65 kg. The specific latent heat of fusion of
snow is 330 000 J / kg.
Calculate the thermal energy needed to melt this snow.
thermal energy = ............................................... [2]
(ii) The animal derives energy from its food to maintain its body temperature.
State the energy change that takes place.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
6 (a) On a hot day, sweat forms on the surface of a person’s body and the sweat evaporates.
Explain, in terms of the behaviour of molecules,
(i) the process of evaporation,
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) how this process helps the body to cool down.
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) The temperature of a person of mass 60 kg falls from 37.2 °C to 36.7 °C.
(i) Calculate the thermal energy lost from the body. The average specific heat capacity
of the body is 4000 J / (kg °C).
thermal energy lost = .................................................. [2]
(ii) The cooling of the body was entirely due to the evaporation of sweat.
Calculate the mass of sweat which evaporated. The specific latent heat of
vaporisation of sweat is 2.4 × 10 J / kg.
mass = .................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
