Abstract

Cyber Security accepts a vigorous role in the area of information technology.

Safeguarding the information has become an enormous problem in the current day.
The cybersecurity the main thing that originates in mind is 'cyber crimes' which are
aggregate colossally daily. Different governments and organizations are taking
numerous measures to keep these cyber wrongdoings. Other than different
measures cybersecurity is as yet a significant worry to many. This paper mostly
emphases on cyber security and cyber terrorism. The significant trends of
cybersecurity and the consequence of cybersecurity discuss in it. The cyber-
terrorism could make associations lose billions of dollars in the region of
organizations. The paper also explains the components of cyber terrorism and
motivation of it. Two case studies related to cybersecurity also provide in this paper.
Some solution about cyber security and cyber terrorism also explain in it.
Keywords: Cybersecurity; cyberspace; cyber terrorism; Information security.
1. Introduction

Today an individual can receive and send any information may be video, or an email
or only through the click of a button but did s/he ever ponder how safe this
information transmitted to another individual strongly with no spillage of data? The
proper response lies in cybersecurity. Today more than 61% of full industry
exchanges are done on the internet, so this area prerequisite high quality of security
for direct and best exchanges. Thus, cybersecurity has become a most recent issue
(Dervojeda, et. all., 2014). The extent of cybersecurity does not merely restrict to
verifying the data in IT industry yet also to different fields like cyberspace and so
forth. Improving cybersecurity and ensuring that necessary data systems are vital to
each country's security and financial prosperity.

Creating the Internet safer (and safeguarding Internet clients) has become to be
essential to the improvement of new management just as a legislative strategy. The
encounter against cybercrime needs an extensive and more secure practice (Gross,
Canetti & Vashdi, 2017). The particular estimates alone cannot keep any crime; it
is essential that law authorization offices are allowable to investigation and indict
cybercrime efficiently. Nowadays numerous countries and administrations are
compelling strict rules on cyber safeties to keep the loss of some vital data. Each
should be equipped on this cybersecurity and save themselves from these increasing
cybercrimes.

Cyber-security is both about the insecurity made by and through this new space and
about the practices or procedures to make it (progressively) secure (Kumar, &
Somani, 2018). It alludes to a lot of exercises and measures, both specialized and
non-specialized, expected to ensure the bioelectrical condition and the information
it contains and transports from all possible threats. This research aims to gather all
the information and overview related to cyber-crime and provide the historical facts
and perform reports on the analyzed data of different attacks reported everywhere
in the last five years. Based on the analyzed information, we would like to provide
all the countermeasures that organizations may undertake in order to ensure
improved security that would support in defending the organizations from being
attacked by the hackers and provide a cyber-security to avoid all risks.
2. Purpose

The paper provides information about cyber security and cyber terrorism. It covers
various information about these topics in its subsections. Trends of cybersecurity
and the role of social media in cybersecurity define in this paper. The paper provides
some necessary information about cyber terrorism. The components of “cyber
terrorism” and the consequences of this terrorism also explain in this paper. There
are some examples of case studies those related to cybersecurity. The paper also
provides some solutions regarding cyber security and cyber terrorism. It provides
some techniques for preventing cyber terrorism. The future study and scope of
cybersecurity define in it.
Cybersecurity has become a major concern over the last 10 year in the IT world. In
the present world, everybody is facing a lot of problems with cybercrime. As
hackers are hacking major sensitive information from government and some
enterprise organizations the individuals are very much worried as cybersecurity
assault can bring about everything from wholesale fraud, to blackmail big
companies. They are many varieties of cyber-crimes emerging where everyone 116
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2, 2019 needs to be aware of the scams and they are different measures and tools
which can be used for avoiding the cyber-crimes. Every organization wants to
secure their confidential data from getting hacked. Getting hacked is not just about
losing the confidential data but losing the relationship with customers in the market
(Bendovschi, 2015).
The Internet is today's fastest growing infrastructure. In today's technical
environment many new technologies are changing mankind. But due to these
emerging technologies, we are unable to protect our private information in an
efficient way, so the cyber-crimes are drastically increasing on daily basis. Majority
of the transactions both commercial and personal are done using the means online
transaction, so it is important to have an expertise who require a high quality of
security maintaining a better transparency to everyone and having safer
transactions. So cybersecurity is the latest issue. Advanced technologies like cloud
services, mobiles, E-commerce, internet banking and many more they require a high
standards and safer process of security. All the tools and technologies involved for
these transactions hold the most sensitive and cruicial user information. So
providing the necessary security to them is very important. Improving the
cybersecurity and safeguarding the sensitive data and infrastructures are important
to every countries top priority security (Panchanatham, 2015).
 3. Trends of Cyber Security

Cyber Security assumes a critical role in the area of data technology. Safeguarding
the data have become the greatest difficulty in the current day. The cybersecurity
the main thing that raids a chord is cybercrimes which are increasing tremendously
step by step (Samuel, & Osman, 2014). Different administrations and organizations
are taking many measures to keep these cybercrimes. Additional the different
measures cybersecurity is as yet an enormous worry to numerous. Some main trends
that are changing cybersecurity give as follows:
3.1. Web servers
The risk of assaults on web applications to separate information or to circulate
malicious code perseveres. Cybercriminals convey their code using good web
servers they have traded off. In any case, information taking attacks, a considerable
lot of which get the deliberation of media, are also a significant risk. Currently,
individuals need a more unusual accentuation on securing web servers 117
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2, 2019 as well as web applications (Bendovschi, 2015). Web servers are mainly
the preeminent stage for these cybercriminals to take the information. Thus, one
should reliably utilize an additional secure program, mainly amid vital exchanges
all together not to fall as a quarry for these defilements.

3.2. Mobile Networks

The risk of assaults on web applications to separate information or to circulate
malicious code perseveres. Cybercriminals convey their code using good web
servers they have traded off. In any case, information taking attacks, a considerable
lot of which get the deliberation of media, are also a significant risk. Currently,
individuals need a more unusual accentuation on securing web servers as well as
web applications (Bendovschi, 2015). Web servers are mainly the preeminent stage
for these cybercriminals to take the information. Thus, one should reliably utilize
an additional secure program, mainly amid vital exchanges all together not to fall
as a quarry for these defilements.
3.3. Encryption
It is the method toward encoding messages so programmers cannot scrutinize it. In
encryption, the message is encoded by encryption, changing it into a stirred-up
figure content. It commonly completes with the use of an “encryption key,” that
demonstrates how the message is to encode. Encryption at the earliest reference
point level secures information protection and its respectability (Sharma, 2012).
Additional use of encryption obtains more problems in cybersecurity. Encryption is
used to ensure the information in travel, for instance, the information being
exchanged using systems (for example the Internet, online business), mobile
phones, wireless radios and so on.

3.4. ADP’s and targeted attacks

Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a whole of the dimension of cybercrime ware.
For quite a long time network security capacities. For example, IPS or web filtering
have had a key influence in distinguishing such focused-on assaults (Bendovschi,
2015). As attackers become bolder and utilize increasingly dubious methods,
network security must incorporate with other security benefits to identify assaults.
Thus, one must recover our security procedures to counteract more dangers coming
later on. Subsequently the above is a portion of the patterns 118 Unauthentifiziert |
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the essence of cybersecurity on the planet. The top network threats are showing in
figure 1.
Figure 1. Threats for Cyber Security
4. Role of Social Media in Cyber
Security

Social media has turned into a lifestyle for some individuals. We use it to stay in
contact, plan occasions, share our photographs and comment on recent
developments. It has replaced email and telephone requires a ton of us. However,
similarly as with whatever else on the web, it is imperative to know about the
dangers. PCs, cell phones, and different gadgets are priceless assets that furnish
people of any age with the extraordinary capacity to connect and collaborate with
whatever remains of the world. Individuals can do this in various ways, including
the utilization of social media or networking sites.
Courtesy of social media, people can share musings, pictures, exercises, or any part
of their lives (Gross, Canetti & Vashdi, 2017). They can bring an unknown look into
the lives of others, regardless of whether they live nearby or over the globe.
Unfortunately, these networks additionally represent security toward one's PC,
protection, and even their security. Social media collection among faculty is soaring
as is the risk of assault (Sharma, 2012). Since social media sites are nearly utilized
by the majority of them reliably, it has become an excellent stage for cybercriminals
for hacking private data and taking significant data.
The organizations need to assure they are likewise as fast in recognizing dangers,
reacting increasingly, and keeping away from a rupture of any sort. Subsequently,
individuals must take suitable measures particularly in managing social media to
keep the loss of their data. The capacity of persons to impart data to a group of
persons of millions is at the core of the exact test that social media offerings to
organizations (Cabaj, Kotulski, Księżopolski, & Mazurczyk, 2018). Nevertheless,
enabling anyone to disperse financially delicate data, social media additionally
gives a comparable ability to range false data. It can be merely being as harming.
The rapid spread of incorrect information by social media is among the growing
dangers. Though social media can utilize for cybercrimes, these organizations
cannot stand to quit utilizing social media as it assumes an essential role in the
attention of an organization. In its place, they should have arrangements that will
inform them of the risk to fix it before any actual harm is done Dervojeda, Verzijl,
Nagtegaal, Lengton, & Rouwmaat, 2014). Anyway, organizations should
understand this and observe the meaning of breaking down the data chiefly in social
deliberations and give good security plans to avoid dangers. One must contract with
social media by using specific plans and the right technologies.
5. Cyber Terrorism
The term “terrorism” can allude to the illegal utilization of power or viciousness
against people in order to threaten an administration or its residents and associations
which might be to accomplish a political or a malicious site [10]. Terrorism has
transformed from the conventional structure to the cyber type of innovation
supported terrorism recognized as cyber terrorism. It stays vital issues of the present
society. Not just that the battle against terrorism is falling behind, current
cybercrime assaults are ending up progressively forceful and confrontational
(Sharma, 2012). This terrorism is the utilization of cyber word to dispatch an assault
to the essential foundations that the presence of associations and countries entirely
depended after that can prompt its shut down.

5.1. Components of Cyber Terrorism

A few attacks as cyber terrorism have a few parts which have been distinguished by
numerous observational researchers in the exploration network. As indicated by
Samuel and Osman (2014) in their hypothetical model recognize the five sections
that a “cyber-terrorism” classified they are; the objective of the violence, inspiration
and dedication towards the mission to be accomplished when such incident takes
place, impact, instruments are utilized to dispatch such assault and attacking’s, area
which is nature just as the strategy for activity. It can confidently know by knowing
the profile of activities that drive the actions of the culprits (Kumar, & Somani,
2018).
The critical issue in “cyber terrorism” is the motivation to complete such an action
on the Internet, that outcomes in savagery/damage to people and their property
Dervojeda, Verzijl, Nagtegaal, Lengton, & Rouwmaat, 2014). It is by a portion of
the segments. The terrorists of the world proceed the upside of the cyber world with
solid incentive as a stage with which they can use to dispatch more unusual
outbreak. Yunos and Ahmad (2014) said that with the utilization of Information and
correspondence innovation, a terrorist could present more noteworthy harms or
exact the republic with troublesome conditions because of the interruption of
necessary administrations that the “cyberspace terrorist” causes more damage and
devastation by the cyberspace than done the conventional strategy for terrorism.

5.2. Motivating Factor of Cyber

The motivating factors of cyber terrorism give as follows:
5.2.1. Websites’ Supportive Nature:
The internet has viewed as a medium that is exceptionally tremendous, and that
can in the meantime draw in light of a legitimate concern for some individuals
to join some group of interest. The cyberterrorist prefers the utilization of the
website as a result of its robust nature in that it can refer a message to a great
many individuals inside a twinkle of an eye; they consider it to be a stage that
is anything but difficult to select absorbed individuals.

5.2.2. Anonymity Nature of the internet:

Anonymity is the pivotal element that each evil culprit leans towards with the goal
that their character could not be recognizable after playing out their devilish act.
The Internet is a sheltered domain just as concealing stage for the terrorist as they
can stay unknown so that their personality cannot be known.
5.2.3. Hacking:
The overall term of all kinds of unapproved access to any "computer system"
network organize is hacking that can occur in any structure all things measured as
"cyber murder." A large number of these hackers make use of a "brute force‟ which
is the combinations of every single imaginable letter just as numbers and images till
they get the password Sreenu, & Krishna, 2017).
5.2.4. Computer Viruses:
These viruses are here and there scattered on a system to in other to do hurtful
exercises. These may be to fill in as an administrative agent, create information or
even split down the system.
5.2.5. Password Sniffing:
The “Cyber terrorist” may use one of the technique such as password sniff as
procedures to complete their “cyber-attack” on different countries and many big
organizations to see their downfall and have control over their systems. The
password sniffer is programming which uses to screen organize and in the
meantime catch all the password that passes the system connector.

5.3. Consequences of “Cyber Terrorism”

Cyber terrorism is an original type of cyber danger and attack that has many
outcomes connected to it when propelled against any countries and associations.
Some consequences of cyber terrorism define as follows:
5.3.1. Data Intrusion:
The cyber terrorism can annihilate information honesty with the goal that the
information could never again be trusted, pulverizing its classification as intruding
on its accessibility. The expanding rate of this cyber terrorism in encroaching
associations and country's information has produced a ton of difficulties which has
come about in loss of vitals and critical information that is typically difficult to
recover (Sutton, 2017).
5.3.2. The attack on Businesses:
The cyber-terrorism could make associations lose billions of dollars in the region
of organizations. The data arrangement of a bank can be attacked or hack through
the terrorists who will prompt unapproved access to such financial balance and
make them lose gigantic millions of dollars which can create such bank to keep
running into bankruptcy (Gade, & Reddy, 2014).
5.3.3. Loss of Life:
Cyber terrorism has guaranteed many acquitted lives and in the meantime render
numerous homes to a condition of the problem that is occasionally coming about
to mental injury to the influenced families. The “cyber-terrorism” can in one
method or alternate prompts the death toll just as causing severe harms. It has
shown in an attack on the PCs utilization, networks’ as well as attacks that have
come about to the different types of blasts of a few plane accidents issues
everywhere throughout the world which that has asserted numerous life (Cabaj,
Kotulski, Księżopolski, & Mazurczyk, 2018).
5.3.4. Consumer Trust in Doubt:
The development of any organizations and its support relies upon the trust that its
purchaser has on such association as trust can see tools that fortify association and
certainty among associations and clients.
6. Case Study Examples

6.1. Cyber Security in E-Governance case study

E-Governance is the extension of the efforts completed through the governments to

recover relations with their nationals. With its instilled straightforwardness and
receptiveness, given the standards of the Internet, EGovernance conveys
governments all the more near their residents. Existing and potential dangers in the
circle of cybersecurity are among the most genuine difficulties of the 21st century.
To ensure E-Governance extends there is a requirement for data security best
practices (Hua, & Bapna, 2013). Security policies, practices, and techniques must
be set up just as the use of security technology. It helps to ensure e-Government
systems against attack, recognizes great exercises administrations and to have a
demonstrated alternate course of action set up. An open private organization is a
vital part of cybersecurity in EGovernance. These associations can conveniently go
up against coordination issues. Powerful cyber-crime prevention and arraignment
activities in all the ICT appropriate conditions.
6.2. Kaspersky Kidnapping Case
The “highest-profile” cyber surveillance, stalking, and kidnapping case included
Ivan Kaspersky, child of the administrator and CEO of Russia-based Kaspersky
Lab, a standout amongst the most unmistakable cybersecurity firms on the planet.
Ivan Kaspersky was abducted for payoff in 2011 while strolling to work from his
Moscow loft. As indicated by Russian media sources, beginners – a more seasoned
obligated couple – organized the plot and enrolled their child and two of his
companions as "muscle" for the plot (Cabaj, Kotulski, Księżopolski, & Mazurczyk,
2018). The abductors stalked Kaspersky and his sweetheart for a while preceding
the seizing, deciding his conduct standards and finding that he did not have a
protective security detail. The hijackers supposedly acquired all the required data
from Kaspersky's client profile on Vkontakte, a famous Russian social systems
administration site. Kaspersky was compelled to call his dad to transfer the payoff
requests (Gade, & Reddy, 2014). The abductors may have utilized similar wireless
to make food deliveries or had geolocation administrations empowered.

6.3. Uber Case study

Data breaches happen every day, in too many places, but the risk of data breach
doesn't necessarily depend on the number, it may also depend on the risk and
damage it causes the company's revenue and impact on the users or account holders,
one of the biggest recent data breaches is Uber.
6.3.1. Impact:
One of the recent major cyber-attack is data breach of personal information of
around 57million Uber users and 600,000 Uber drivers got revealed.

6.3.2. Details:
The worst part of this attack is how the Uber handled the issue, this is a lesson to
most companies what not to do. In late 2016 just two hackers were able to steel the
Users personal data with includes names, phone numbers and email addresses.
They were able to steal the 600,000 driver's license information. Hackers got access
to the Uber's GitHub account through a third-party cloudbased service. With the
details found from the GitHub, Hackers found a way to access Uber user data in
AWS. Ubers paid those two hackers $100, 000 to permanently destroy the whole
data they obtained and not letting the users or the regulators about stolen
information.
But also, Uber confirmed that data was destroyed with the assurance they received
from the hackers. According to US Law enforcement, any breach should be reported
to the authorities and not pay hackers. And this kind of approach from Uber led
other hackers to blackmail Netflix, where Hackers frightened to release TV shows
unless the company paid the money hackers requested. Almost 49 states have this
law enforcement where a security breach should be notified, after the court hearings
Uber agreed to pay 20million to settle FTC charges. Not only the US but also other
major countries like UK, Italy, and the Philippines reacted on this issue. Uber's
breach is different from the regular breaches, the company tried to cover up the
breach and not alert the authorities and the users.

6.3.3. Uber's plan after the breach:

Khrosrowshabi the new CEO of Uber received few disputed problems only with
respect to its legal issue also criticism for sexual harassment, underpaying the
drivers and few more.

6.3.4. Solutions
Some solutions regarding cyber security and cyber terrorism describe here:
• Cyber Security Techniques
Some techniques can use to improve cybersecurity.
• Access control and “password security”: The idea of password and user
name has a primary method for ensuring data. It may be the principal
measures concerning cybersecurity.
 • Data’s Authentication: The documents that we get should dependably be
validated be before transferring. It should check if it has begun from a
critical and dependable source and that they are not modified (Gade, &
Reddy, 2014). Verifying of these records is typically done by the
“antivirus” software present in the gadgets. Subsequently, a decent
“antivirus” software is likewise necessary to shield the gadgets from
viruses.
• Anti-virus software: It is a PC program that classifies, avoids, and makes
a move to harm or evacuate noxious software programs, for instance,
viruses as well as worms. Most "antivirus programs" comprise an
"autoupdate" feature that authorizes the program to download profiles of
new viruses with the objective that it can chequer for the new viruses when
they find.
• Malware scanners: This is software that typically filters each of the records
and archives current in the framework for vindictive code or destructive
viruses [10]. Viruses, worms, as well as Trojan horses, are instances of
“malicious software” that regularly assemble and alluded to as malware.
• Firewall: A “software program” or an equipment that helps monitor
hackers, infections, and all types of worms which endeavour to achieve PC
over the Internet. All data which is transmitting to and fro over the web go
through the firewall contemporary, which looks at every individual
message and hinders which do not meet the security requirements and
classify them as threat and try to block from the system and monitor the
activities. Henceforth firewalls assume an essential job in recognizing the
malware.

6.4. Prevention of Cyber Terrorism

The capacity to prevent cyber terrorism lies with the capacity to securely verify
cyberspace. Cybersecurity has an intriguing parallel to terrorism. Both are lopsided.
Guaranteeing the security of information, data, and correspondence is impressively
harder than hacking into a framework. The attacker has an inalienable preferred
standpoint in both regular terrorism and cyber-attacks. On account of state-
supported attacks, the difficulties are of a lot higher greatness (Cabaj, Kotulski,
Księżopolski, & Mazurczyk, 2018). Governments should guarantee that their rules
smear to cybercrimes and be wholly actualized and hold fast to; it is essential that
the countries of the biosphere take measures to guarantee that its punitive and
technical law is satisfactory to address the difficulties presented by cybercrimes
(Kumar, & Somani, 2018).
The availability, confidentiality and the integrity of information in any associations
are essential which endeavors must be set up to guarantee that they are
exceptionally secure because it is the significant cyber resource that makes each
association stand and in the meantime depended upon. The information has entered
by the “cyber-terrorist” is something beyond records which may incorporate
messages, web applications, web pages, and just as some indispensable operating
systems. (Kumar, & Somani, 2018).
7. Future Study and Scope
This paper will help to advance the scientific interests in the exploration of
cybersecurity, particularly to respond to the procedural questions of the prediction
of future data and actions significant to security patterns. This study sets the
background to begin executing rules for all intentions as indicated through the usual
security issues and answers for data systems. This paper consolidates many
procedures connected and may be improved to serve cybersecurity regarding
anticipating the operational legitimacy of the methodologies of assessment
benchmarks. Finally, the emphasis on limiting, recouping, and disposing of
weakness is the primary, basic patterns, and reactions to the constant expanding
progress (Panchanatham, 2015).
Over the next five years, cyber-crime may create severe damage in information
technology. According to the researchers they have estimated an approximate close
to 6 trillion dollars loss. So, there would be a very bright scope for people who work
and resolve the issues related to cyber-crime and provide all the necessary security
measures. Big organizations like CISCO which is completely related to networking
technology which is one of the top organization has approximately millions of
openings related to cybersecurity because which is the future for the safety of
Information technology. They are also wide opportunities in government-related
fields and also defence field to save the countries secure data from cyber attackers.
 Conclusion

Cyber-security is both about the insecurity made by and through this new space and
about the practices or procedures to make it (progressively) secure. Exertion to
verify the cyberspace should give a definitive need else the "information
technology" will not be viably used by clients. The terrorist of things to come will
win the wars without discharging a shot just by crushing the country's necessary
substructure if steps are not taken to handle the pervasiveness of the expansion in
such a cyber-attack. They can bring an unknown look into the lives of others,
regardless of whether they live nearby or over the globe.
The “cyber-terrorism” can in one method or alternate prompts the death toll just as
causing severe harms. Though social media can utilize for cybercrimes, these
organizations cannot stand to quit utilizing social media as it assumes an essential
role in the attention of an organization. Cyber terrorism has guaranteed numerous
innocent lives and in the meantime render numerous homes to a condition of the
problem that is occasionally coming about to mental injury to the influenced
families. Cyber terrorism stays vital issues of the present society. Not just that the
battle against Cyber terrorism is falling behind, current cybercrime assaults are
ending up progressively forceful and confrontational. Cybersecurity has an
intriguing parallel to terrorism. Guaranteeing the security of information, data, and
correspondence is impressively harder than hacking into a system.
8. References
[1] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260126665_A_Study_Of_Cyber_
Security_Challenges_And_Its_Emerging_Trends_On_Latest_Technologies

[2] https://www.kaspersky.co.in/resource-center/definitions/what-is-cyber-
security

[3] https://www.cisco.com/c/en_in/products/security/what-is-cybersecurity.html

[4] https://www.itgovernance.co.uk/what-is-cybersecurity

[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_security