THEORY

Unit |-Introduction
Agricultural meteorology: lmportance and scope in crop production; Atmosphere: composition and structure; Atmospheric weather variables; Climate: weather, factors affecting climate and weather, climatic types, diferent agricuftural seasons
of India.
Unit I| -Weather Parameters
Atmospheric phenomena: solar radiation, solar constant; Light intensity, quality, direction and duration; Air and soil temperature: Diurmal variation -importance in crop production -Relative Humidity and its importance -vapor pressure deficit
and its importance -Wind and its effect on crops -Energy balance of earth; Heat unit and its importance in agriculture.
Unit IIl-Atmospheric Circulations
Atmospheric pressure -Pressure systems -cyclones, anticyclones, tomado, hurricane and stoms -Wind systems of the world -land breeze and sea breeze; Intertropical Convergence Zone. Clouds -types and their classification. Precipitation
-forms -monsoon -Seasons of India- Cloud seeding,artificial rain making- Evaporation - transpiration -Evapotranspiration -PET.
Unit V Weather Hazards and Analysis
Weather hazards: drought, floods, frost, tropical cyclones and extreme weather conditions, heat-wave and cold-wave; Modifications of crop microclimate; Weather forecasting: Types and their uses; Synoptic chart; Crop weather calendar,
Remote sensing and its application.
Unit V- Impacts of Climate Change
Climate change: variability,global warming, causes and impact: Crop producion, Pest and diseases, Forestry, Marine and Coastal ecosystem; Clean Development Mechanism; Carbon Trading; Carbon sequestration; Montreal Protocot:
UNFCCC and IPCC.
Theory- Lecture Schedule
1 Agricultural meteorology: Importance and scope in crop production; Atmospheric weather variables.
2. Earth atmosphere - composition, extent and structure.
3 Climate -weather, factors affecting climate and weather, climatic types, different agricultural seasons of India.
4 Atmospheric phenomena: Solar radiation, solar constant; Light -intensity, quality,direction and duration; short wave, long wave and thermal radiation; net radiation; albedo.
5 Air and soil temperature; Diurnal variation - importance in crop production
6 Relative Humidity and its importance - vapor pressure deficit and its importance - Wind and its effect on crops
7 Energy balance of earth;Heat unit and its importance in agriculture.
8. Atmospheric pressure -Pressure systems -cyclones, anticyclones, tornado, huricane and stoms
9 In - semester examination
10 Wind systems of the world - land breeze and sea breeze; Intertropical Convergence Zone. Clouds -types and their classification
11 Precipitation- forms; Monsoons: North East and South West Monsoon; Mechanism and importance in Indian agriculture.
12 Cloud seeding, artificial rainmaking Evaporation; Transpiration,Evapotranspiration, PET.
13 Weather hazards:drought, floods,frost, tropical cycones and extreme weather conditions, heat-wave and cold-wave; Modifications of crop microclimate
14 Weather forecasting: Types and their uses; Synoptic chart; Crop weather calendar; remote sensing and its application.
15 Climate change: variability, global warming, causes and impact -Crop production, Pest and diseases
16 Climate change impact on Livestock, Forestry,Marine and Coastal ecosystems.
17 Clean Development Mechanism; Carbon Trading: Carbon sequestration; Montreal Protocol: UNFCCC and IPCC.
Practical Schedule
1 Site selection and layout for Agromet Observatory -Calculation of local time -Time of obsevation of different weather elements -Reviewing agromet registers
Measurements of solar radiation (pyranometers), sunshine hours (sunshine recorder) -working out weekly and monthly mean for graphical representation
3 Measurement of air and soil lemperature and grass minimum thermometers and thermographs -drawing isolines
4 Humidity measurements - use of wet and dry bulb thermometers- Hygrograph -Measurement of wind direction and wind speed and conversion -Beaufort's scale
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5 Measurement of atmospheric pressure - barograph -Fortein-s barometer - Isobars based on past data for different seasons
6 Measurement of rainfall - Ordinary and self-recording rain gauges - Measurement of Dew - dew gauge
7
8
Measurement of Evaporation -Open pan evaporimeter- application of evaporation data
Heat Unit concept- GDD, HTU, PTU for fixing time of sowing
9 Probability analysis of rainfall for crop planning
10
11
Preparation of synoptic charts, crop weather calendars &forecast based agro advisories
Preparation of pest weather calendar and pest forewarning
12 Estimation of length of growing periods using weekly rainfall data
13 Working principle of automatic weather station (AWS)
14 Detemine the soil moisture from water balance studies
15 ldentification of efficient cropping zone- RYI, RSI
16 Mapping of Agro climatic Zones of India and Tamil Nadu and its characterization
17 University Practical Examination
Text Books
1 John Waren Smith. (2007). Agicultural Meteorology: The Effect of Weather on Crops. Macmillan publishers, UK. pp. 1-383.
2 Mahi, G.S. and Kingra, P.K. (2015). Fundamentals of Agrometeorology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi. pp. 1-383.
3. Mavi, H.S. and Tupper, G.J. (2004). Agrometeorology: Principles and Application of Climate Studies in Agriculture. Haworth Press. pp. 1-351.
4. Reddy,S.R. and Reddy, D.S. (2014). Agrometeorology. Kalyani Publishers New Delhi. pp. 1-381.
5. Sahu, D.D. (2007). Agrometeorology and Remote Sensing: Principles and Practices. Agrobios, Jodhpur. pp. 1-245.
6. Varshneya, M.C. and P. Balakrishana Pillai. (2003). Textbook of Agicultural Meteorology, lCAR. pp. 1-217.
Reference Books
1. Latief, A., Kanth, R.H., Parvaze, S and Mahdi, S.S. (2017). Experimental Agrometeorology: APractical Manual. Springer
2 Mote, B.M. and Sahu, D.D. (2014). Principles of Agricultural Meteorology. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur. pp. 1-197. International Publishing [Link]. 1-159.
3 Srivastava, A.K. and Tyagi, P. K. (2011). Practical Agricultural Meteorology. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi. pp. 1-266.
4 Adaptation and mitigation of climate - Scientific Technical Analysis. (2006). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 1-851.
5 Prasad Rao, [Link].V. (2005). Agricultural Meteorology. Kerala Agricultural University, Press, Thrissur. pp. 1-326.
6. Variraju, Rand Krishnamurty. (1995). Practical Manual on Agricultural Meteorology. Kalyani publications, New Delhi. pp. 1-198.
Web References
1 [Link]
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https:l/[Link]/en
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https:/[Link]
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Journals
1. Journal of Agrometeorology
2. Advances in Meteorology
3. Agricultural Meteorology
4. Meteorological Applications
5. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
6. Advances in Agronomy
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