DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
DH 302 – Class 6
26th March 2025
Introduction to
Public Health Informatics
- Nirmal Punjabi, Ph.D.
Welcome to the course.
Class starts at 11:05 am.
DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Today’s Agenda
• Class 5’s summary • Class 6
• Revisited Class 4 • Design/Analysis/Assessment
• Public Health for Public Health
• Government Schemes Sections • Hypothesis
• Implementation • Basics
• Impact Assessment • Roles
• Audit • Types
• Example of Polio Vaccination • Frameworks
scheme • FIRE (adaption of FINER)
• PICO/PICOT
• Design/Analysis/Assessment for
Public Health
• Class Discussion
• Broad Approach
• Polio Vaccination Drive
• Similarity to Experiment Design Hypothesis
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DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health
Schemes/Program
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment
DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health Scheme / Program:
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment / Evaluation
• Aim / Objectives / Hypothesis
• Role of Hypothesis?
• Guide data collection efforts.
• Provide structure for analysis.
• Help interpret findings in meaningful ways.
• Enable testing of theoretical frameworks.
• Support evidence-based decision making.
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DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health Scheme / Program:
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment / Evaluation
• Type of Hypothesis?
• Descriptive hypotheses
• Associative/correlational hypotheses
• Causal hypotheses
• Intervention effectiveness hypotheses
• Predictive hypotheses
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DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health Scheme / Program:
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment / Evaluation
• Aim / Objectives / Hypothesis
• Frameworks
• FIRE
• Feasible
• Impactful
• Relevant
• Ethical
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DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health Scheme / Program:
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment
Hypothesis : PICO or PICOT
• Population
• Target population?
• Intervention
• Investigational intervention like drug/device/therapy/awareness
• Comparison Group
• Existing methods, control population, …
• Outcome
• Key parameter that will be impacted
• Time
• Duration 7
Reference: Farrugia et al, 2010
DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health Scheme / Program:
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment
Hypothesis : PICOT
• Examples
• Dexamethasone is useful in covid-19 patients.
• Dexamethasone is as an effective treatment to improve oxygen saturation
levels in hospitalized covid-19 positive patients.
• Dexamethasone is as an effective treatment compared to placebo to
improve oxygen saturation levels in hospitalized covid-19 positive patients.
• Dexamethasone is more effective than placebo as an adjuvant treatment to
improve oxygen saturation levels within 14 days in hospitalized covid-19
positive adult patients who have had curative treatment for cancer.
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DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health Scheme / Program:
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment
Hypothesis : PICOT
• Examples
• In diabetes patients (P), implementation of a continuous glucose health
monitoring system (I) results in improved HbA1c levels (O).
• In patients with type 2 diabetes (P), implementation of a continuous glucose
health monitoring system (I) compared to standard care (C) result in at least
20% improvement in HbA1c levels (O).
• In adult patients with type 2 diabetes (P), implementation of a continuous
glucose health monitoring system (I) compared to standard care (C) result in
improved HbA1c levels (O) over a 6-month period (T).
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DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Public Health Scheme / Program:
Design / Analysis / Impact Assessment
Class Discussion:
Polio vaccination drive hypothesis
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DH302: NIRMAL PUNJABI
Thank you
npunjabi@[Link]
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