🌈 Color Legend

🔴 Critical / Emergency | 🔵 Legislative / Parliamentary | 🟢 Rights & Protections | 🟡

Administrative | 🟠 Judicial | 🟣 Special Provisions

1. 🟠
Article 13 – Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental
Rights
●​ Declares any law “inconsistent with” or “in derogation of” Part III void.
●​ Establishes judicial review: courts can annul rights-violating legislation.

2. 🟢 Article 17 – Abolition of Untouchability

●​ Untouchability is abolished; its practice is an offense punishable by law.

3. 🟢 Article 32 – Right to Constitutional Remedies

●​ “Heart and soul” of the Constitution.
●​ Empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs (habeas corpus, mandamus,
prohibition, quo warranto, certiorari) to enforce fundamental rights.

4. 🟡 Article 52 – [Omitted; Part of Preamble Section]

5. 🟡 Article 53 – Executive Power of the Union
●​ All executive power vests in the President, to be exercised by him or by Ministers.

6. 🟡 Article 54 – Election of the President

 ●​ Elected by electoral college: Lok Sabha + Rajya Sabha members + State
Legislatures (▶ adult suffrage).

7. 🟡 Article 55 – Manner of Election of the President

●​ Proportional representation, single transferable vote, secret ballot.

8. 🟣 Article 56-1A – Use of Hindi/Regional Language

●​ Governor, with President’s consent, may authorize Hindi/State language
alongside English in High Court proceedings.

9. 🟡 Article 57 – Term of Office of the President

●​ The President holds office for 5 years.

10. 🟡 Article 59 – Conditions of President’s Office

●​ Must vacate any Parliament/State Legislature seat; no office of profit;
emoluments protected.

11. 🟡 Article 61 – Impeachment of the President

●​ Two-stage removal: notice by ≥25% MPs; 2/3 majority in both Houses
investigates & passes resolution.

12. 🟡
Article 62 – Time of Holding Election to Fill
Vacancy in the Office of President
●​ New election before 6 months of term expiry.

13. 🟡 Article 64 – Functions of the Vice-President

●​ Ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha; acts as President when vacancy/absence.
14. 🟡 Article 66 – Election of the Vice-President
●​ Electoral college: Parliament members; proportional representation; secret ballot.

15. 🟡 Article 67 – Term of Office of Vice-President

●​ Five-year term; elections to fill vacancies ASAP.

16. 🟡 Article 70 – Discharge of President’s Functions

●​ President’s functions can be discharged by Vice-President or unanimity of
Ministers during disability.

17. 🟡
Article 71 – Matters Relating to, or Arising Out of,
Presidential Elections
●​ Supreme Court has jurisdiction over disputes and questions regarding
presidential elections.

18. 🟡 Article 72 – Pardoning Powers of President

●​ Pardons, reprieves, commutations for offenses against Union laws; including
death-sentence cases.

19. 🔵Article 74 – Council of Ministers to Aid and Advise

the President
●​ President shall act on binding advice of Council of Ministers headed by PM;
advice not justiciable.

20. 🔵
Article 75 – Appointment of Prime Minister and
Other Ministers
●​ President appoints PM; other Ministers on PM’s advice; they hold office during
President’s pleasure.
21. 🔵 Article 76 – Attorney-General for India
●​ President appoints a jurist qualified for SC Judge; advises Government; right of
audience in all courts.

22. 🔵
Article 77 – Conduct of Business of the
Government of India
●​ All executive actions in President’s name; rules & orders to be laid before
Parliament.

23. 🔵 Article 78 – Duties of Prime Minister

●​ (1) To bring all decisions requiring President’s attention; (2) keep President
informed; (3) furnish information Parliament may require.

24. 🔵 Article 79 – Constitution of Parliament

●​ Parliament = President + Rajya Sabha + Lok Sabha.

25. 🔵 Article 80 – Composition of Rajya Sabha

●​ Max. 250 members: 238 elected by States/UTs (STV), 12 nominated for
expertise.

26. 🔵 Article 83 – Duration of Houses of Parliament

●​ Lok Sabha = 5 years; Rajya Sabha = permanent; one-third retire every two years.

27. 🔵Article 85 – Sessions, Prorogation & Dissolution of

Parliament
●​ President summons; max. 6 months gap; can prorogue/dissolve LS.
28. 🔵 Article 87 – Special Address by the President
●​ At first session after general election & first session each year; outlines policy &
legislative program.

29. 🔵
Article 89 – Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Lok
Sabha
●​ Elected “as soon as may be”; DS presides in Speaker’s absence; position can be
vacant.

30. 🔵
Article 90 – Vacation/Removal of Speaker & Deputy
Speaker
●​ Speaker vacates on dissolution of LS; removal by resolution passed by LS
majority.

31. 🟡
Article 93 – Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Lok
Sabha
●​ Clarifies election procedure & term according to LS rules.

32. 🟢 Article 94 – Voting in Parliament & Tying of Votes

●​ Presiding officer’s vote counts only in case of equality; acts as casting vote.

33. 🔵Article 98 – Functions of Officers & Employees of

Parliament
●​ Parliament may make provisions for salaries/allowances, rights & powers of
officers.
34. 🔵
Article 100 – Voting in Houses, Decisions, &
Quorum
●​ Quorum = 1/10 of total membership; voice vote by default; division if requested.

35. 🔵 Article 101 – Vacation of Seats

●​ Dual membership prohibited; resignation/absence (60 days) without permission
can vacate seat.

36. 🔵
Article 102 – Disqualifications for Parliamentary
Membership
●​ Office of profit; unsound mind; insolvent; non-citizen; defection under Tenth
Schedule.

37. 🟣 Article 108 – Joint Sitting of Both Houses

●​ Convened by President for deadlocks on legislation; presided by Speaker or
Deputy Speaker.

38. 🟣 Article 111 – Assent to Bills

●​ President can assent, withhold, or return BSRS Bills; money bills cannot be
returned.

39. 🔵 Article 117 – Rules of Procedure for Money Bills

●​ Money bills originate only in LS; Rajya Sabha has 14 days to return with
recommendations.

40. 🔵
Article 119 – Budget & Procedure for Financial
Business
 ●​ No discussion outside “Budgetary provisions”; no vote on demands for grants
except LS.

41. 🔵
Article 121 – Restrictions on Impugning
Proceedings of Parliament
●​ Courts cannot inquire into proceedings of Parliament or its committees.

42. 🔵 Article 123 – Ordinance-making Power of President

●​ Temporary law when Parliament not in session; 6-week validity after reassembly.

43. 🟣
Article 124 – Establishment & Constitution of
Supreme Court
●​ CJ + other judges (currently 34); appointment by President; tenure until age 65.

44. 🟠 Article 126 – Appointment of Acting Chief Justice

●​ President appoints senior-most judge as Acting CJ when CJ is absent/vacant.

45. 🟠 Article 127 – Appointment of Ad Hoc Judges

●​ CJ can request HC judge to sit ad hoc; President’s approval required.

46. 🟠 Article 128 – Attendance of Retired Judges

●​ CJ, with President’s permission, can request retired judges to sit on bench.

47. 🟠 Article 129 – Supreme Court as Court of Record

●​ Powers to punish for contempt; judgments are conclusive proof.
48. 🟠 Article 130 – Seat of Supreme Court
●​ Supreme Court sits in Delhi or other place(s) designated by CJ with President’s
approval.

49. 🟠
Article 131 – Original Jurisdiction of Supreme
Court
●​ Disputes: Centre vs State(s), State(s) vs State(s); exclusive original jurisdiction.

50. 🟠 Article 132 – Appeals in Constitutional Matters

●​ From HC to SC on substantial question of constitutional law; requires HC
certificate.

51. 🟠 Article 133 – Appeals in Civil Matters

●​ Appeals from HC civil decisions with HC certificate on substantial question of
law.

52. 🟠 Article 134 – Appeals in Criminal Matters

●​ Appeals from HC criminal decisions under specified conditions (e.g., reversal of
acquittal).

53. 🟠 Article 136 – Special Leave to Appeal

●​ Discretionary power to grant leave to appeal from any court/tribunal.

54. 🟠 Article 137 – Review of SC Judgments

●​ SC may review its own judgments/orders per rules under Article 145.

55. 🟠 Article 138 – Enlargement of SC Jurisdiction

 ●​ Parliament can extend SC’s jurisdiction over Union List matters.

56. 🟠Article 142 – Enforcement of Decrees & Complete

Justice
●​ SC can pass any order necessary to ensure complete justice; “extraordinary
power”.

57. 🟠 Article 143 – Advisory Jurisdiction of SC

●​ President may seek SC’s opinion on law or fact; opinion is advisory only.

58. 🟠 Article 144 – All Authorities to Aid SC

●​ Civil and judicial authorities must act in aid of SC.

59. 🟠 Article 145 – SC Rules of Court

●​ SC may frame rules of practice & procedure subject to President’s approval.

60. 🟠
Article 148 – Comptroller & Auditor-General of
India
●​ CAG audits Union & State accounts; appointment/removal like SC Judge; tenure
6 years/age 65.

61. 🟢 Article 155 – Appointment of Governor

●​ Governor appointed by President; not elected.

62. 🟢 Article 156 – Term of Office of Governor

●​ 5-year term; pleasure of President; continues until successor assumes office.
63. 🟢 Article 157 – Qualifications for Governor
●​ Indian citizen; age ≥ 35 years.

64. 🟢 Article 158 – Conditions of Governor’s Office

●​ No MP/MLA membership; no office of profit; salary/emoluments protected.

65. 🟢 Article 159 – Oath/Affirmation by Governor

●​ Administered by Chief Justice or senior-most HC judge.

66. 🟢 Article 160 – Discharge of Governor’s Functions

●​ President may provide for discharge of Governor’s functions in contingencies.

67. 🟢 Article 161 – Power of Governor to Grant Pardons

●​ Pardons for state law offenses; includes remission of death-sentence.

68. 🔵
Article 160 – [Duplicate numbering—covered
above]

69. 🔵Article 163 – [Not listed; Part V state executive

provision]

70. 🟢 Article 164 – Other Provisions as to Ministers

●​ Appointment of CM and Ministers; hold office at Governor’s pleasure; collective
responsibility.
71. 🔵
Article 166 – Conduct of Business of State
Government
●​ Executive actions expressed in Governor’s name; procedural rules.

72. 🔵
Article 167 – Reports of State Government to
Governor
●​ State Ministers submit statements of policy & administrative decisions.

73. 🔵
Article 169 – Creation/Abolition of Legislative
Councils
●​ Parliament may by law create or abolish Legislative Council in a state.

74. 🔵 Article 174 – Sessions of State Legislature

●​ Governor summons, prorogues, dissolves state legislature.

75. 🔵 Article 192 – Attendance of State Legislators

●​ [Omitted—no standalone Article 192 in original Part]

76. 🔵 Article 200 – Assent to State Bills

●​ Governor may assent, withhold, return bills, or reserve them for President.

77. 🔵
Article 201 – Bills Reserved for President’s
Consideration
●​ President may assent, withhold, or direct reconsideration within 6 months.

78. 🔵 Article 202 – Annual Financial Statement (State)

 ●​ Governor to lay estimates before legislature; separate charged expenditures.

79. 🔵Article 208 – Rules of Procedure (State

Legislatures)
●​ Each House may make its own procedural rules; existing rules valid until
changed.

80. 🟠Article 212 – Power of Governor re: Courts of

Justice
●​ Grants of pardons etc. for offenses against state laws (judicial remissions).

81. 🔵 Article 213 – Ordinance Power of Governor

●​ Temporary law when legislature not in session; 6-week validity after reassembly.

82. 🔵 Article 214 – High Courts for States

●​ Every state must have a HC; Union may establish HC for two or more states.

83. 🟠 Article 215 – High Courts as Courts of Record

●​ Powers of contempt; judgments as evidence; records for perpetual memory.

84. 🟠Article 220 – Restriction on Post-retirement

Practice
●​ HC judges cannot practice in any Indian court except SC/other HCs.

85. 🟠 Article 226 – Writ Jurisdiction of High Courts

●​ Issue writs for enforcement of fundamental & legal rights; discretionary
jurisdiction.
86. 🟠 Article 227 – Superintendence Over Courts
●​ HC superintendence over all subordinate courts & tribunals.

87. 🟣 Article 239 – Administration of Union Territories

●​ President administers UTs through an Administrator; may appoint Governor as
Administrator.

88. 🟣 Article 240 – Regulations for UTs

●​ President can make regulations for certain UTs lacking legislature.

89. 🟣Article 241 – High Court Jurisdiction over Union

Territories
●​ HC for state(s) may have jurisdiction over certain UTs by Parliament law.

90. 🟣 Article 242 – Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction over

UTs
●​ Parliament may extend SC’s jurisdiction to UTs by law.

91. 🟣 Article 244 – Scheduled & Tribal Areas

●​ Special administration for Scheduled Areas (Fifth Schedule) & Tribal Areas (Sixth
Schedule).

92. 🔵 Article 245 – Extent of Laws

●​ Parliament/State laws apply to whole/part of territory; bounds of legislative
competence.
93. 🟣 Article 249 – Parliament’s Power re: State List
●​ Two-thirds Rajya Sabha resolution in national interest; laws valid for 1 year;
six-month sunset.

94. 🟣
Article 250 – Inconsistency of State Law under
Emergency
●​ Central laws prevail over state laws during National Emergency.

95. 🟢 Article 275 – Grants-in-Aid to States

●​ Union grants to states in need; special grants for scheduled tribe development.

96. 🟣 Article 280 – Finance Commission

●​ President constitutes FC every 5 years to recommend distribution of revenues.

97. 🟣 Article 281 – Recommendations of FC

●​ FC’s recommendations laid before both Houses; no binding force.

98. 🟣 Article 300 – Right to Property

●​ Constitutional right (not fundamental) post-44th Amendment; government
compensation rules.

99. 🟣 Article 312 – All-India Services

●​ Parliament may create services common to Union & States on Rajya Sabha
resolution.

100. 🟣 Article 313 – Civil Service Tribunals

●​ Parliament may establish tribunals for disputes/recruitment & service conditions.
101. 🟣 Article 320 – Public Service Commissions
●​ Union/State PSC functions; recruitment, examination, advice on service matters.

102. 🟣 Article 323A – Administrative Tribunals

●​ Tribunals for service matters; HC jurisdiction excluded except SC under Article
136.

103. 🟡 Article 324 – Election Commission (see above)

104. 🟢 Article 329 – Elections not to be Enquired into by
Courts
●​ No court can question regularity of Lok Sabha/State Legislative Assembly
elections.

105. 🟢 Article 330 – SC/ST Reservations in Lok Sabha

●​ Seats reserved for SC/ST; proportion matches population.

106. 🟢 Article 338 – National Commission for SCs

●​ Monitors safeguards & advises on SC welfare.

107. 🟡 Article 348(1A) – Language in High Courts

●​ Governor, with President’s consent, may authorize Hindi/State language
alongside English.
108. 🔴
Article 350 – Language Rights in Education &
Services
●​ Citizens may use any language permitted in education or government for
correspondence.

109. 🔴 Article 352 – National Emergency (see above)

110. 🔴 Article 356 – President’s Rule (see above)

111. 🔴 Article 360 – Financial Emergency (see above)

112. 🟡 Article 361 – Protection of President & Governors

(see above)

113. 🟢 Article 368 – Amendment of the Constitution

●​ Three amendment procedures: simple majority; special majority; special majority
+ state ratification.