Unit Test 4 – Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration a) Oxygen

Name: _____________________________ b) Carbon dioxide

Grade & Section: ________________________ c) Nitrogen
1. Which organelle is primarily responsible for d) Methane
photosynthesis in plant cells? 15. What happens to glucose during glycolysis?
a) Mitochondrion a) It is completely broken down into water and carbon
b) Nucleus dioxide.
c) Chloroplast b) It is split into two molecules of pyruvate.
d) Ribosome c) It is converted directly to ATP.
2. What is the main pigment responsible for capturing light d) It is stored as starch.
energy in photosynthesis? 16. Which of the following best explains why leaves appear
a) Carotene green?
b) Xanthophyll a) They absorb green light efficiently.
c) Chlorophyll b) They reflect green light.
d) Anthocyanin c) They do not contain pigments.
3. What is the raw material for photosynthesis? d) They produce green chlorophyll.
a) Glucose and Oxygen 17. Which molecule carries high-energy electrons from
b) Carbon dioxide and Water glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to the electron transport
c) ATP and NADPH chain?
d) Nitrogen and Hydrogen a) NADPH
4. Which gas is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis? b) NADH
a) Carbon dioxide c) FADH₂
b) Nitrogen d) Both b and c
c) Oxygen 18. Why is oxygen necessary for aerobic respiration?
d) Methane a) It is used to produce glucose.
5. Which organelle performs cellular respiration in both plant b) It accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport
and animal cells? chain.
a) Lysosome c) It splits water molecules.
b) Golgi apparatus d) It stores ATP.
c) Mitochondrion 19. Which process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells?
d) Chloroplast a) Light-dependent reactions
6. Which of the following best describes the main purpose of b) Krebs cycle
cellular respiration? c) Glycolysis
a) Produce glucose d) Electron transport chain
b) Produce oxygen 20. What happens to ATP after it is used by the cell for
c) Produce ATP energy?
d) Produce chlorophyll a) It is destroyed.
7. Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most b) It converts back into ADP and phosphate.
ATP? c) It becomes glucose.
a) Glycolysis d) It leaves the cell.
b) Krebs cycle 21. A plant is kept in total darkness for 48 hours. Which
c) Electron transport chain process will continue normally?
d) Lactic acid fermentation a) Photosynthesis
8. In photosynthesis, which set of reactions uses sunlight b) Cellular respiration
directly? c) Production of glucose
a) Calvin cycle d) Splitting of water
b) Light-dependent reactions 22. Farmers sometimes increase CO₂ in greenhouses. Why
c) Krebs cycle does this improve plant growth?
d) Fermentation a) It provides more oxygen for respiration.
9. Which molecule is the immediate energy currency of the b) It increases the rate of photosynthesis.
cell? c) It helps plants absorb more minerals.
a) Glucose d) It reduces the need for water.
b) ATP 23. If a cell lacks mitochondria, which of these would still
c) NADH occur?
d) Oxygen a) Glycolysis
10. Which equation correctly summarizes photosynthesis? b) Krebs cycle
a) C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy c) Electron transport chain
b) 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ d) Oxidative phosphorylation
c) C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2 pyruvate + energy 24. Which experiment would best demonstrate that oxygen is
d) 2H₂O → 4H⁺ + O₂ + 4e⁻ produced during photosynthesis?
11. Why do plants still need mitochondria if they perform a) Measuring heat from plant leaves.
photosynthesis? b) Collecting bubbles from an aquatic plant exposed to
a) To store chlorophyll light.
b) To produce ATP at night c) Measuring CO₂ absorbed by leaves.
c) To absorb more CO₂ d) Observing starch accumulation in roots.
d) To convert light directly into glucose 25. Which of the following is an endothermic process?
12. Which process occurs in both photosynthesis and cellular a) Photosynthesis
respiration? b) Cellular respiration
a) Glycolysis c) Fermentation
b) Electron transport chain d) Glycolysis
c) Fermentation 26. In which situation would lactic acid fermentation occur in
d) Calvin cycle human cells?
13. What is the primary source of carbon in glucose produced a) During sleep
by photosynthesis? b) During intense exercise with low oxygen
a) Soil minerals c) While digesting food
b) Carbon dioxide in the air d) When breathing normally
c) Water absorbed by roots 27. If the electron transport chain is blocked, what will happen
d) Oxygen in the atmosphere to ATP production?
14. If a plant is placed in a sealed jar with adequate sunlight, a) It will increase sharply.
what gas concentration will likely increase first? b) It will stop almost completely.
 c) It will continue at the same rate. c) Electron transport chain
d) It will be unaffected. d) Light reactions
28. Why does the rate of photosynthesis slow down on very 40. Why do desert plants have fewer stomata than rainforest
hot, dry days? plants?
a) Enzymes work faster at high temperature. a) To take in less CO₂
b) Stomata close to reduce water loss, limiting CO₂ intake. b) To conserve water
c) The Calvin cycle speeds up uncontrollably. c) To reduce sunlight exposure
d) Light-dependent reactions stop in high light. d) To increase transpiration
29. Which evidence best shows that cellular respiration 41. Scientists are testing artificial leaves that perform
occurs in both plants and animals? photosynthesis. Which factor must they maximize for high
a) Plants have green leaves. efficiency?
b) Both produce ATP in mitochondria. a) Ability to reflect light
c) Only animals use oxygen. b) Ability to absorb CO₂ and light energy
d) Only plants produce glucose. c) Ability to store oxygen
30. A student measures CO₂ levels around a plant in sunlight. d) Ability to store ATP
What should they observe? 42. If a mutation caused ATP synthase to stop working, what
a) CO₂ levels rise as photosynthesis increases. would happen first?
b) CO₂ levels fall as it is used in photosynthesis. a) Glucose production stops.
c) CO₂ stays constant because respiration balances b) The proton gradient would build up but ATP would not
photosynthesis. form.
d) CO₂ disappears entirely. c) Oxygen would stop being used.
31. Which statement correctly compares photosynthesis and d) Light absorption stops in chloroplasts.
respiration? 43. Which experiment would test whether light intensity
a) Both occur only in daylight. affects photosynthesis?
b) Photosynthesis stores energy, respiration releases it. a) Grow identical plants at different light levels and
c) Both produce glucose as the main product. measure O₂ output.
d) Photosynthesis releases ATP directly, respiration does b) Measure starch in leaves at the same light level.
not. c) Compare ATP levels in mitochondria under light and
32. When a mouse and a plant are placed together in a dark.
sealed container with light, both survive longer than either d) Measure root length in low-light conditions.
alone. Why? 44. Which process is most directly responsible for weight loss
a) The plant produces CO₂ for the mouse. in humans?
b) The mouse produces glucose for the plant. a) Exhalation of carbon dioxide from glucose oxidation
c) They recycle oxygen and carbon dioxide. b) Sweating to lose water
d) They both stop respiration. c) Conversion of fat into ATP stored in cells
33. Which condition would likely increase the rate of cellular d) Loss of heat from muscles
respiration in humans? 45. If global temperatures rise, how might this affect
a) Sleeping quietly photosynthesis worldwide?
b) Intense running exercise a) It will always increase due to higher heat.
c) Resting after eating b) It may increase at first but decline if heat stress
d) Meditating damages enzymes.
34. If the concentration of oxygen drops, what happens to the c) It will remain constant regardless of temperature.
electron transport chain? d) It will stop completely.
a) It speeds up to compensate. 46. An aquatic plant produces more oxygen bubbles at 25 °C
b) It stops functioning properly. than at 5 °C. What does this indicate?
c) It makes more ATP than usual. a) Photosynthesis is temperature-independent.
d) It begins producing glucose. b) Enzymes involved in photosynthesis work better at
35. Which statement about energy flow is true? moderate temperatures.
a) Photosynthesis converts chemical energy to light c) Oxygen is not needed in photosynthesis.
energy. d) Light intensity must be lower at higher temperature.
b) Respiration converts light energy to chemical energy. 47. A city plants trees to reduce air pollution. Which process
c) Photosynthesis stores light energy in glucose, directly lowers carbon dioxide levels?
respiration releases it as ATP. a) Cellular respiration in roots
d) Both release energy as light. b) Photosynthesis in leaves
36. If a forest is cut down, how would this affect atmospheric c) Fermentation in bacteria
CO₂ levels? d) Transpiration from leaves
a) Decrease because fewer organisms respire 48. Which condition would force yeast to switch from aerobic
b) Increase because less CO₂ is absorbed by to anaerobic respiration?
photosynthesis a) High sugar levels
c) Stay the same because plants don’t affect CO₂ b) Lack of oxygen
d) Decrease because respiration stops c) Low temperature
37. A researcher finds a plant that performs photosynthesis d) Presence of sunlight
even in very low light. Which adaptation could explain 49. If you eat a slice of bread, which pathway directly provides
this? energy to your cells?
a) It reflects more green light. a) The bread undergoes photosynthesis in your body.
b) It contains pigments that absorb a wider range of b) Starch in the bread is broken down and used in cellular
wavelengths. respiration.
c) It lacks mitochondria. c) The bread releases oxygen.
d) It produces less chlorophyll. d) Glucose is stored without being used.
38. If chlorophyll were red instead of green, what would be 50. A new planet is discovered where plants perform
the most likely effect? photosynthesis using methane instead of water. Which
a) Leaves would reflect red light, reducing photosynthesis. product would most likely change?
b) Leaves would absorb red light more efficiently. a) Oxygen released
c) Plants would stop producing glucose. b) Glucose formed
d) The Calvin cycle would speed up. c) ATP produced
39. A new pesticide blocks NADH formation. Which part of d) Light absorbed
cellular respiration is directly affected first?
a) Glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle