Solution

MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1. (a) a helix with constant pitch
Explanation:
In this case, the particle is moving with a uniform velocity in the x and y directions, and
enters a region with a magnetic field B = Bo. After some time, an electric field E = Eo is
also switched on in the region. Therefore, the correct answer is (a helix with constant
pitch) a helix with constant pitch.
2.
(d) q 2
1
( )
v
4πε0 m

Explanation:
2
The magnetic moment associated with the particle is 1 q
( )
v
4πε0 m

3.
–
(d) √2 r
Explanation:
–
The new radius of the circle is √2 r.
4.
(b)
mg

lB

Explanation:

F = mg = T
Magnetic force = Fmag = iIB
To remove the tension,
T = Fmag
or, mg = ilB
i=
mg
∴
lB

To remove the tension,

T = Fmag
or, mg = ilB
i=
mg
∴
lB

5.
(d) 1
Explanation:
We use Ampere's circuital law.
For loop 1:
 2
a I πa
B1 × 2π = μ0 2
×
2 πa 4

μ I
0
⇒ B1 =
4πa

For loop 2:
B2 × 2π(2a) = μ0 I

μ I
0
⇒ B2 =
4πa

B1
∴ = 1
B2

6.
(d) n B 2

Explanation:
If the length of the wire is L and the radii of the coils in two cases be R1 and R2. Then,
R1
L = 2πR1 = n × 2πR2 ⇒ R2 =
n

Now B =
μ I
0

2R1

and B
μ0 nI μ0 nI μ0 I
′ 2 2
= = = n = n B
R
2R2 1 2R1
2( )
n

7.
(d) 2 : 1
Explanation:
A solenoid is equivalent to a bar magnet.
For points at distances greater than the length of the solenoid, the field along the axis of
the solenoid is B and along the perpendicular bisector or equatorial line is
μ
0 2m
axial =
4π 3
x
μ
0 m
Bequatorial =
4π 3
x

Therefore,
Baxial 2
=
Bequatorial 1

8.
(c) B

Explanation:
Magnetic field at the end of a current carrying solenoid is half of the magnetic field
inside it.
Section B
9. a. Speed of the Proton
The kinetic energy K of the proton is related to its speed v by:

2
 K= 1

2
mv2
We need to find v. Using the charge-to-mass ratio
q

m
q
m = q

8
where = 1.0 × 10 C/kg.
q

Rearranging:
q
m = q

−19
1.6×10 −27
m = = 1.6 × 10 kg
8
1.0×10

Substituting this into the kinetic energy formula:

2 2K
v =
m

−14
2 2×1.3384×10
v = −27
1.6×10

−14
2 2.6768×10
v = −27
1.6×10

2 13
v = 1.673 × 10

−−−−− −−−− −
13
v = √1.673 × 10

6
v ≈ 4.1 × 10 m/s

b. Magnitude of the Acceleration of the Proton

The force F on the proton due to the magnetic field is given by:
F = qvB
This force provides the centripetal acceleration a:
F = ma
So,
F qvB
a = =
m m

Using
q 8
= 1.0 × 10 C/kg
m

qvB q
la = = ⋅ v ⋅ B
m m

8 6
a = (1.0 × 10 ) ⋅ (4.1 × 10 )

−3
⋅ (2.0 × 10 )

8 3 −3
a = 1.0 × 10 ⋅ 8.2 × 10 × 10

5 2
a = 8.2 × 10 m/s

c. Radius of the Path Traced by the Proton

The radius r of the circular path in the magnetic field is given by:
mv
r =
qB

Using
q 8
= 1.0 × 10
m

v
r = q
⋅B
m

6
4.1×10
r = −3
8
1.0×10 .2.0×10

6
4.1×10
r =
5
2.0×10

r = 20.5 m

10. For a given p.d., the kinetic energy of a charged particle is proportional to its charge.
∴ Kp : Kd : K = e : e : 2e = 1 : 1 : 2
α

Radius of the circular path of any particle of kinetic energy K

 −−
−
mv m 2K √2mK
r = = ⋅ √ =
qB qB m qB

√2mp Kp
∴ For proton, r p =
eB
= 5cm
√2md Kd √2×2mp ×Kp
For deutron, r d =
eB
=
eB
–
= √2rp = 1.414 × 5 cm = 7.07 cm
√2mα Kd √2×4×mp ×2Kp
For α-particle, r a
=
2eB
=
2eB

= 2rp = 10 cm
11. Radius of helical path, r = mv⊥

qB

−2 −19

= =
rqB 5×10 ×1.6×10 ×0.02
∴ v⊥
m −27
1.6×10

= 1.0 × 105 ms-1

Period of revolution,
T= = π × 10
−2
2πr 2π×5×10 −6
= s
v⊥ 5
1.0×10

= 6.37 × 104 ms-1

Pitch
=
−2
20×10
v∥ = −6
T π×10

12. Magnetic field at point P due to current I1,

B1 = , directed normally inward
μ I1
0

2πa

Magnetic field at point P due to current I2,

B2 = , directed normally outward
μ I2
0

2πb

As b < a, so B2 > B1
Hence the net magnetic field at the point P,
μ
B = B2 - B 1 = ,
0 I2 I1
( − )
2π b a

directed normally inward.

13. The field B⃗ must act horizontally and perpendicular to the length of the wire.
Weight of wire = Force exerted by magnetic field
∘
mg = I LB sin 90

λLg = I LB

λg
B =
I

14. The magnetic field at the centre of the circular current is

μ I
0
B =
2R

For coil P
μ I
0
BP =
2R
–
For coil Q of radius 2R carrying a current of 2√3I
μ 2 √3 I √3 μ I
0 0
BQ = =
2×2R 2R

P and Q are perpendicular to each other therefore the resultant magnetic field is given
by.
−−−−−−−−
2 2
B = √B + B
resultant Q P

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
√3μ0 I μ0 I
B = √( ) + ( )
resultant 2R 2R

μ I
0 −−−− μ I
0
= √3 + 1 =
2R R
 The direction of the magnetic field is
BQ –
tan θ = = √3
BP

θ = 60o
15. i. According to Biot-Savart's law, the magnetic held due to a current-carrying element
→
dl carrying the current I at a point P with the position vector r ⃗ is given by
μ ⃗
⃗ 0 d l×r ⃗
dB = I ( 3
)
4π r

ii. The magnetic field at the center of loop, B =

μ I
0

2r

Field lines:

16. Magnetic field on the axis of loop A is given as

μ0 I
B1 =
2r

= 2π × 10-7T = 6.28 × 10-7T

−7
4π×10 ×3
B1 =
2×3

Magnetic field on axis of loop B

2
μ IR
0
B2 = 3/2
2 2
2(R +x )

, opposite to B1
−7
2π×10 ×2×9
=
3/2
2 2
(3 +4 )

T = 0.9 × 10-7T
−7
36π×10
B2 =
125

Bnet = B1 - B2
= 6.28 × 10-7 - 0.9 × 10-7
Bnet = 5.38 × 10-7T
→ →
17. Consider any element dl of the wire. Force on this element is I dl × B
⃗
. For each element
→ →
dl there is another element − dl on the current loop. Forces on each pair of such
elements Cancel out. Hence net force on the coil in a uniform magnetic field is zero.
 In Fig. n is a unit vector normal to the plane of the loop, directed outward. The angle
between n and B is 90°. The magnitude of the torque acting on the loop is
τ = N I BA sin θ

2 ∘
= 25 × 10 × 1.2 × π(0.06) × sin 90

= 3.4 Nm
This torque acts in the vertically upward direction producing a turning effect in the
direction of the curved arrow. To prevent the coil from turning, a balancing to torque
τ = τ must be applied.
′

18. N=100 turns and radius= 0.20 cm .The plane of the coil is XY plane and the field point is
on the Z-axis.
2

The magnetic field on the axial point B =

μ IR N
0
∴
3/2
2 2
2(R +z )

−7 2 2
4π×10 × ×(0.2) ×100
= π

3/2
2 2
2[(0.2) +(0.2√3) ]

=
−7
8×0.04×10 ×100

2×0.04×8×0.2

= 25 μT
19. R = mv

qB

mv ρ
R = =
qB qB

Now,
q e
d 1
= =
qα 2e 2

rd qα 2
∴ = =
rα qd 1

20. If component vx of the velocity vector is along the magnetic field, and remain constant,
the charge particle will follow a helical trajectory; as shown in fig
If the velocity component vy is perpendicular to the magnetic field B, the magnetic force
acts like a centripetal force qvy B.

So, qv B =
mvv qBr
⇒ v =
y y
r m

Since tangent velocity v y = rω

qBr qB
⇒ rω = ⇒ ω =
m m

Time taken for one revolution, T =

2π

ω
=
2πm

qB

and the distance moved along the magnetic field in the helical path is x = vx.
2πm
= vx ⋅
qB

-3
21. Diameter of the wire = 2 × 0.5 = 1.0 mm = 10 m
∴ Number of turns per unit length,

n= = 103 m-1
−3
1

10 m

Also, I = 5 A, μ = 4π × 10-7 Tm A-1 0

∴ B = μ nI = 4π × 10-7 × 103 × 5 = 2π × 10-3 T

0

22. The currents in QR and PS have no effect on AB. There is a force of attraction between
AB and PQ and a force of repulsion between AB and SR. But PQ is closer to AB than SR,
 so force of attraction is stronger than the force of repulsion. So the loop begins to move
towards AB.
→
23. ∮ B⃗ ⋅ dl = μ i 0

There is an inconsistency in the Ampere's Circuital law.

Maxwell modified it as
→
⃗
∮ B ⋅ dl = μ0 (ic + id )

where id = ε
dϕ
E

0
dt

Section C
24. i. The force experienced, F ⃗ = q(v ⃗ × B⃗ )
The charge will go undeflected when v ⃗ is parallel or antiparallel to B⃗
∵ F
⃗
=0
[Alternatively, If v makes an angle of 0° or 180° with B⃗ ]
ii. The KE of electron
= eV ,V is equal to 104 V.
2

KE =
2 2
e r B

2m

−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
1 2mV
= [√
−31 4
2×9.1×10 ×10 1
∴ r = √ −19
× ]
1.6×10 0.04
B e

= 8.4 × 10-3 m
25. i. The path of the electron is a circle of radius r given by
r= mv

eB

Here B = 8.0 G = 8.0 × 10-4T, v = 4.0 × 106 ms-1

e = 1.6 × 10-19 C, m = 9.1 × 10-31 kg
r=
−31 6
9.1×10 ×4.0×10
∴ −19 −4
1.6×10 ×8.0×10

= 2.8 × 10-2 m = 2.8 cm

The sense of rotation of the electron in its orbit can be ascertained from the direction
of the centripetal force F ⃗ = −e(v⃗ × B⃗ ) . Thus if we look along the direction of B⃗ , the
electron revolves clockwise.
ii. The frequency of revolution of the electron in its circular orbit is
−19 −4

f= 2πm
eB
= 1.6×10 ×8.0×10
−31
2π×9.1×10

= 0.22 × 108 Hz = 22 MHz

iii. In successive collisions, electron loses its speed progressively. If after collision its
velocity vector remains in the same plane of the initial circular orbit, the radius of the
circular orbit will decrease in proportion to the decreasing speed. Otherwise, the path
of the electron will be helical between two collisions.
26. i. The Centripetal force on a charged particle = Magnetic force on the particle
or or r =
2
mv mv p
∘
= qvB sin 90 =
r qB qB

For the same momentum p and field B,

rp qα
1 2e
r ∝ ∴ = = = 2 : 1
q rα q e
p
 −−
−
ii. Kinetic energy, K =
1

2
mv
2
or v = √ 2K

−−
−
Radius,r = mv m 2K √2mK
∴ = √ =
qB qB m qB

For the same kinetic energy K and field B,

−−
−
√m rp m p qα
r ∝ ∴ = √ ⋅
q rα mα q
p

−−−
m p 2e
= √ × = 1 : 1
4mp e

27. Magnetic field at point P due to the conductor along x-axis is

μ I
0 π
B1 = [sin α + sin ]
4πb 2

μ I
0 a
= [ + 1]
4πb √a2 +b
2

Magnetic field at point P due to the conductor along y-axis is

μ I
0 π
B2 = [sin β + sin ]
4πa 2

μ I
0 b
= [ + 1]
4πa √a2 +b
2

According to right-hand thumb rule, both B1 and B2, act normally into the plane of
paper. Hence the resultant magnetic field at point P is
B = B1 + B 2
μ I a b
0 1 1 1
= [ ( + ) + ( + )]
4π √a2 +b
2 b a a b

2
μ I √a2 +b
0 a+b
= [ + ]
4π ab ab

μ I
0
−−−−−−
= [√a2 + b2 + (a + b)]
4πab

28. Here B⃗ = 4.0 × 10 −3 ^

k T ,
⃗ ^ ^ −10
F = (4.0 i + 3.0 j ) × 10 N,

−9
q = 10 C

Let v⃗ = v x
^
i + vy ^
j . Then
⃗ ⃗
F = q(v ⃗ × B)

or (4.0^i + 3.0^j ) × 10 −10

−3 ^
[(vx ^
i + vy ^
−9
= 10 j ) × (4.0 × 10 k)

−12 ^ ^ ^ ^
= 4 × 10 [vx i × k + vy j × k]

^ ^

or
4.0 i +3.0 j

−2
= [−vx ^
j + vy ^
i]
4×10

or 100^i + 75^j = v y
^
i − vx ^
j

​​​​​​∴ by = 100 and vx = -75

Here v ⃗ = v ^i + v ^j = (−75^i + 100^j )ms
x y
−1

29. Here a = 0.1 m, N = 20, r = 0.1 m, I = 0.5 A

Magnetic field at the centre of each coil due to its own current is
 B1 = = 6.28 × 10-5 T
μ NI −7
0 4π×10 ×20×0.5
=
2a 2×0.1

Magnetic field at the centre of one coil due to the current in the other coil is
2

B2 =
μ N Ia
0

2 2 3/2
2(a +r )

−7 2

= =
−7
4π×10 ×20×0.5×(0.1)
0.628×10
3/2 3/2
2 2 2
2[(0.1) +(0.1) ] [2×(0.1) ]

= 2.22 × 10-5 T
−7

= 0.628×10
−3
2√2×10

i. When the currents are in the same direction, the resultant field at the centre of each
coil is
B = B1 + B2 = 6.28 × 10-5 + 2.22 × 10-5
= 8.50 × 10-5 T
ii. When the currents are in opposite directions, the resultant field is
B = B1 - B2 = 6.28 × 10-5 -2.22 × 10-5
= 4.06 × 10-5 T
30. Magnetic field due to a straight current-carrying conductor,
μ I
0
B = (sin ϕ + sin ϕ2 )
4πa

For the straight part lying along X-axis, we have

π r
ϕ = , ϕ2 = 0, a =
2 2

∴ The magnetic field at point C due to the straight part along X-axis,
μ I
0 π
B1 = (sin + sin 0)
4π(r/2) 2

, acting along negative Y-axis

μ
0 2I
= ⋅
4π r

or B⃗
μ
0 2I ^
j
1 = − ,
4π r

The semicircular part subtends an angle π at the centre C and, its radius is r

2
. Magnetic
field due to this part at point C,
μ
0 I
B2 = π
4π (r/2)

μ
=
4π
0
⋅
2πI

r
, acting along a positive X-axis
μ
or B⃗ 2 =
4π
0
,
2πI

r
^
i

For the straight part lying parallel to Y-axis, we have

π r
ϕ = , ϕ2 = 0, a =
2 2

∴ The magnetic field at point C due to this part is

μ
0 I π
B3 = ⋅ (sin + sin 0)
4π (r/2) 2

, acting along a positive X-axis

μ
0 2I
= ,
4π r

or B⃗
μ
=
0
⋅
2I ^
i
3
4π r

Total magnetic field at point C,

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗
B = B1 + B2 + B3

μ μ μ
0 2I ^ 0 2πI ^ 0 2I ^
= − ⋅ j + ⋅ i + ⋅ i
4π r 4π r 4π r

or B⃗ =
μ
0 2I ^ ^
⋅ [(π + 1) i − j ]
4π r

31. i. The magnitude of the magnetic field at or near the centre of the solenoid is given by
B=μ 0
nI

where n is the number of turns per unit length. This expression for B⃗ can also be used
 if the solenoid has more than one layer of windings because the radius of the wire
does not enter this equation. Therefore,
No. of turns per layer × No. of layers
n=
Length of the solenoid
-1
= 350×4

0.50
= 2800 m
Now I = 6.0 A, μ = 4π × 10-7 TmA-1, n = 2800 m-1
0

∴ B = 4π × 10
-7 × 2800 × 6T
= 2.1 × 10-2 T
This value of B⃗ is for both on and off the axis, since for an infinitely long solenoid, the
internal field near the centre is uniform over the entire cross-section.
ii. Magnetic field at the ends of the solenoid is
Bend = = 1.05 × 10-2 T
μ nI
0

iii. The outside field near the centre of a long solenoid is negligible compared to the
internal field.
32. Ampere's circuital law: It states that the line integral of magnetic field B along any
closed loop is equal to µ0 times the total current passing through the loop.
i.e. ∮ B ⋅ dl = μ0 I

When there is a symmetry in the system such as for an infinitely long conductor wire
carrying a steady current I, the magnetic field can be calculated easily using Ampere
Circuital Law. Consider the Figure.

Here, B (magnetic field) is tangential to circumference of the circular loop. The magnetic
field at point P at a distance R from the centre of the circular loop is calculated as
under.
{tex}\begin{array}{l}\oint B.\;dl\;=\mu_o\;I\\B.\;2\mathrm{πR}\;=\;
{\mathrm\mu}_{\mathrm o}\;\mathrm I\end{array}{/tex}
⇒ B = μ I /2πR [From Ampere's Circuital law]
0

The direction of magnetic field will be determined by Right Hand Thumb Rule.
Section D
 μ
33. B = ∫loop dB sin ϕ = ∫loop 0
I dl sin ϕ
⋅
4π 2 2
a +r

Here sin ϕ = a

s
=
a
1

2 2 2
a +r

aldl
B=
μ
0
∴ ∫
4π loop 3

2 2 2
a +r

The Integral dl over the loop will give us, 2πa.

Hence the magnetic will be equals to
2

B= =
μ μ Ia
0 la 0
∴ ⋅ 3
⋅ 2πa 3
4π
2 2 2 2 2 2
a +r 2a +r

Now,
2

Baxial =
μ Ia
0

2
2
2
2r +a 2

2
–
Br = √3a = =
μ0 I a μ0 I

2 16a
2 2
23a +a

Bcentre = = [Put r = 0]
μ Ia μ I
0 0

3
2a
2
2 2
20 +a

B
center
∴
B
= 16a

2a
= 8.
r=√3a