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DBMS Tutorial – Learn Database Management System

Last Updated : 08 Aug, 2025

Database Management System (DBMS) is a software used to manage

data from a database.

A database is a structured collection of data that is stored in an electronic

device. The data can be text, video, image or any other format.
A relational database stores data in the form of tables and a NoSQL
database in the form of key-value pairs.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard language for accessing
and manipulating data in a relational database.
A DBMS is a software that allows to create, update and retrieval of data
in an organized way. It also provides security to the database.
Examples of relational DBMS are MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server,
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 Database Management System

Do you want to learn DBMS in scheduled manner? Try our ongoing

free course CS Core Skillup with weekly topic coverage, notes, daily
quizzes and coding problems.

In this Database Management System tutorial, you’ll learn basic to

advanced topics like the ER model, Relational Model, Relation Algebra,
Normalization, File Organization, etc.

Introduction
1. DBMS Introduction
2. DBMS Architectures (1, 2 and 3 Tier)

Entity Relationship Model

1. ER Model
2. Enhanced ER Model
3. Minimization of ER Diagram
4. Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation
5. Recursive Relationships

Relational Model and Functional Dependencies

1. Relational Model
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 2. Keys (Candidate, Super, Primary, Alternate and Foreign)
3. Functional Dependency and Attribute Closure
4. Finding Attribute Closure and Candidate Keys using Functional
Dependencies
5. Armstrong’s Axioms in Functional Dependency
6. Equivalence of Functional Dependencies
7. Canonical Cover
8. Anomalies in Relational Model
9. Mapping from ER Model to Relational Model
10. Strategies for Schema design
11. Schema Integration

>> Quiz on ER and Relational Model

Normalization
1. Introduction
2. Normal Forms
3. Minimum relations satisfying 1NF
4. The Problem of redundancy in Database
5. Dependency Preserving Decomposition
6. Lossless Join Decomposition
7. Lossless Join and Dependency Preserving Decomposition
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 8. How to find the Highest Normal Form of a Relation
9. Introduction of 4th and 5th Normal form
10. Domain Key normal form
11. Denormalization in Databases
12. DBMS | Data Replication

>> Quiz on Normal Forms

Relational Algebra and Calculus

1. Introduction
2. Basic Operators
3. Extended Operators
4. Inner Join vs Outer Join
5. Join operation Vs nested query
6. Tuple Relational Calculus
7. Row oriented vs. column oriented data stores

Transactions and Concurrency Control

1. Introduction
2. ACID Properties
3. Concurrency Control -Introduction
4. Types of Schedules
5. Conflict Serializability
6. View Serializability
7. How to test if two schedules are View Equal or not ?
8. Recoverability of Schedules
9. Precedence Graph for testing Conflict Serializability
10. Transaction Isolation Levels in DBMS
11. Implementation of Locking in DBMS
12. Lock Based Protocol
13. Graph Based Protocol
14. Two Phase Locking (2-PL)
15. Multiple Granularity Locking
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 16. Thomas Write Rule
17. Polygraph to check View Serializability
18. Log based recovery
19. Timestamp Ordering Protocols
20. TimeStamp and Deadlock Prevention Schemes
21. Dirty read in SQL
22. Database Recovery Techniques
23. Starvation in DBMS
24. Deadlock in DBMS
25. DBMS | OLAP vs OLTP
26. Types of OLAP Systems
27. Types of Recoverability of Schedules and easiest way to test schedule |
Set 2

>> Quiz on Transactions and concurrency control

Indexing, B and B+ trees

1. Indexing and its Types
2. B-Tree | Set 1 (Introduction)
3. B-Tree | Set 2 (Insert)
4. B-Tree | Set 3 (Delete)
5. B+ Tree (Introduction)
6. Bitmap Indexing
7. Inverted Index
8. Difference between Inverted Index and Forward Index
9. SQL queries on clustered and non-clustered Indexes

>> Practice questions on B and B+ Trees

>> Quizzes on Indexing, B and B+ Trees

File Organization
1. File Organization – Set 1
2. File Organization – Set 2 (Hashing in DBMS)
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 3. File Organization – Set 3
4. File Organization – Set 4

>> Quiz on File structures

Advanced Topics
1. Multimedia Database
2. RAID
3. Query Optimization
4. How to store a password in database?
5. Storage Area Networks
6. Network attached storage
7. ODBMS – Definition and overview
8. Difference between RDBMS and HBase
9. Challenges of database security
10. Federated database management system issues
11. Distributed Database System
12. Functions of Distributed Database System
13. Semantic Heterogeneity
14. Advantages of Distributed database
15. Comparison – Centralized, Decentralized and Distributed Systems
16. Characteristics of Biological Data (Genome Data Management)
17. Data Management issues in Mobile database
18. Future Works in Geographic Information System
19. Difference between Structured, Semi-structured and Unstructured data
20. Web Information Retrieval | Vector Space Model

Data Warehouse and Data Mining

1. Star Schema in Data Warehouse modeling
2. Data Warehouse Modeling | Snowflake Schema
3. Dimensional Data Modeling
4. Data Warehousing
5. Data Warehouse Architecture
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 6. Characteristics and Functions of Data warehouse
7. Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses
8. Data Mining
9. Data Mining | KDD process
10. Data Mining | Sources of Data that can be mined
11. Data Marts
12. Architecture of HBase
13. Apache HBase
14. Architecture and Working of Hive
15. Apache Hive
16. Difference between Hive and HBase

Interview Questions
1. DBMS interview questions | Set 1
2. DBMS interview questions | Set 2
3. SQL Interview Questions
4. SQL Query Interview Questions
5. PostgreSQL Interview Questions
6. PL/SQL Intevriew Questions

SQL Tutorial
1. SQL | Tutorial
2. Quiz on SQL

Misc Topics
1. DBMS Interfaces
2. Categories of DBMS Users
3. Data Abstraction and Data Independence
4. Database Objects
5. Impedance Mismatch

DBMS practices questions

:
 1. Database Management Systems | Set 1
2. Database Management Systems | Set 2
3. Database Management Systems | Set 3
4. Database Management Systems | Set 4
5. Database Management Systems | Set 5
6. Database Management Systems | Set 6
7. Database Management Systems | Set 7
8. Database Management Systems | Set 8
9. Database Management Systems | Set 9
10. Database Management Systems | Set 10
11. Database Management Systems | Set 11

Advantages of DBMS
There are some following reasons to learn DBMS:

Organizing and management of data: DBMS helps in managing large

amounts of data in an organized manner. It provides features like create,
edit, delete, and read.
Data Security: DBMS provides Security to the data from the
unauthorized person.
Improved decision-making: From stored data in the database we can
generate graphs, reports, and many visualizations which helps in
decision-making.
Consistency: In a traditional database model all things are manual or
inconsistent, but DBMS enables to automation of the operations by
queries.

Disadvantages of DBMS
:
 Complexity: DBMS can be hard to design, implement, and manage,
needing specialized knowledge.
Cost: High setup costs, including hardware, software, and skilled
personnel, can be expensive. Ongoing maintenance adds to the cost.
Performance Overhead: DBMS might slow down simple tasks due to
their extra features and general-purpose nature.
Security Risks: Centralizing data can create security risks. If the system
is hacked, all data could be compromised.
Resource Intensive: DBMS need a lot of memory, storage, and
processing power, which can be costly.
Data Integrity Issues: Complex systems can lead to data integrity
problems if not managed well.

Conclusion
Understanding Database Management Systems (DBMS) is essential for
managing and organizing data effectively. This DBMS tutorial has
introduced you to key concepts like database models, SQL queries,
normalization, and data security. With this knowledge, you can design
efficient databases, maintain data integrity, and improve performance.

Quick Links:
1. Last Minutes Notes(LMNs) on DBMS
2. Quizzes on DBMS
3. Practice Problems on DBMS

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