End-Sem Sample Question RE

1. What are the limitations of non-conventional energy sources?

2. What do you understand by greenhouse effect and from where it is generated

3. Comment on the prospects of fossil fuels in India.

4. With a neat diagram explain the operation of a heat pump.

5. What do you understand by the heating value of fuel.

6. Explain the operation of binary cycle power plant.

7. With a neat sketch explain the working of a solar water heater.

8. Define declination angle and calculate its value on May 25?

9. Differentiate between concentrating and solar Fresnel lens collectors

Feature Concentrating Collectors Fresnel Lens Collectors

Use flat lenses made of segments

Design Use curved mirrors (parabolic)
(Fresnel lens)

Focus sunlight using refraction through

Working Focus sunlight to a point/line using mirrors
lenses

Structure Bigger and bulkier Lighter and simpler

Cost More expensive Generally cheaper

Efficiency High, especially at high temperatures Moderate efficiency

Usage Power plants, industrial heat Small-scale solar devices, solar ovens

10. Calculate the declination angle of beam radiation on a photovoltaic array located in Thane (250
10’ N, 780 61’ E) Given the following data:

Date :October 25,2007 Time :10.30h(LAT)

Slope of PV array :180

Surface azimuthal angle : 270

cos θ= sinφ (sinδ x cosβ + cosδ x cosγ x cosω x sinβ) + cosφ (cosδ x cosω x cosβ – sinδ x cosγ x sinβ ) +
cosδ x sinγ x sinω x sinβ
11. The cost of major components of solar thermal power plant is specified in the following table
along with the life spans

If the rate of interest is 15% and the maintenance cost is 2% of the capital cost per year. Calculate the
capital cost per KW. Calculate life cycle cost (LCC) per KW
12. Explain the low head hydro plant with diagram.
13. What do you understand by Peak load Plants in hydro power plant , explain.

14. Explain the future prospective of the renewable energy.

15. Explain the I-V characteristics of a solar cell and define fill factor.

16. What is the importance of MPPT in an SPV system?

17. What do you understand by indirect solar energy

18. Discuss various types of drive schemes used in wind turbines.

19. Explain the yaw control method

20. What do you understand by offshore wind firm

21. With the help of a diagram, discuss the power versus wind speed characteristics of a wind
turbine.

22. Discuss stall control used in wind turbines.

23. What do you understand by energy farming?

24. Explain the operation of oscillating water type of wave device.

25. Explain various types of geothermal resources.

26. What do you understand by tidal barrage and tidal basin.

27. What is approximate value of concentration ratio obtained from a CPC collector?

28. Name three collectors requiring one axis sun tracking.

29. What range of temperature a paraboloidal dish collector may attain?

30. What range of CR is realizable from a central tower receiver collector?

31. Discuss the principle of a solar collector. How collector coating can be used to improve the
performance of a collector?

32. Classify different types of solar thermal collectors and show the constructional details of a flat
plate collector. What are its main advantages?
33. Write the advantages and disadvantages of concentrating collectors over flat plate type of solar
collector.

34. With the help of a schematic diagram, explain the working of solar water heating.

35. What is the basic difference between an active and passive solar heating system?

36. Compare advantages and disadvantages of concentrating type collector over flat plate collector

Same as Q33

37. Explain the construction and working of the (b)Pyro-heliometer with a diagram
38. With neat sketch explain the working of solar water heating system.

Q7 & Q34

39. Define solar constant and surface azimuthal angle?

40. What do you understand by the heating value of a fuel?

41. What are the different types of solar energy based on its application?
42. With the help of block diagrams explain the operations of solar pond.

43. Describe the classification of solar cells based on the type of active material used.

44. Explain the construction and working of the pyranometer with a diagram.

45. What is the main advantage of using a glass cover in a box type cooker?
46. Draw a schematic diagram of solar pond based electric power plant with cooling tower and
explain its working

47. How can solar thermal energy be converted into electrical energy?

48. Give a neat diagram of a central tower receiver power plant and explain its operation.
49. What are major advantages and disadvantages of a solar PV system?

50. What are direct and indirect gap materials?

51. Explain the I-V characteristics of a solar cell and define fill factor. What is the significance of fill
factor?

52. What do you understand by energy payback period?

53. What are the advantages of non-conventional energy sources?

54. What do you understand by greenhouse effect and what are its consequences

55. Comment on the growth of energy sector in India.

56. What do you understand by CO2 emission factor and how is it responsible for the climate change,
explain .
57. What is System Performance Factor, how is it affecting the electricity consumption.

58. Differentiate between the Ranking cycle and IC engine.

59. With a neat sketch explain the working of a solar dryer.

60. Differentiate between Flat plate collector and solar concentrating collectors.

Q-33

61. Classify the hydro power plant depending on their head.

62. What do you understand by pumped storage system in hydro power plant , explain.

63. Explain the future prospective of the renewable energy.

64. Explain the mechanism of photoconduction in a PV cell.

1. Light Absorption:

When sunlight hits the PV cell, it is absorbed by the semiconductor material (like silicon).

2. Generation of Electron-Hole Pairs:

The energy from light excites electrons, freeing them and leaving behind holes.

3. Separation of Charges:

The electric field in the cell (from the p-n junction) pushes electrons to one side and holes to the
other.

4. Flow of Current:

This movement of charges creates a flow of electric current through an external circuit.

65. What do you understand by energy payback period in solar PV?

66. What do you understand by direct solar energy, explain with one example.

67. Comment on the relative features of HAWT and VAWT.

68. Explain the pitch control method in HAWT.

69. What do you understand by onshore wind firm? Mention two limitation of it.

70. With the help of a diagram, discuss the power versus wind speed characteristics of a wind
turbine.

Q-21

71. Discuss gear schemes used in wind turbines.

72. What are the main advantages in use of biogas? What are their main components?
73. What are the environmental impact of wave energy ?

74. Explain the advantages and limitations of geothermal energy.

75. What do you understand by spring and neap tides? How are they caused?

76. Explain various types of solar cells based on material thickness and the type of junction structure.
77. With the help of block diagrams explain the operations of stand-alone and grid interactive SPV
systems.
78. In the context of PV define cell, module and array?
79. What is irradiance and write the unit of irradiance.