Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.

Sci (2021) 10(02): 2065-2075

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 02 (2021)
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.246

Combining Ability Analysis of Early Maturing Quality

Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Lines and Heterosis of their F1 Hybrids

Preeti Basser*, Shailesh Marker and Kulbhushan Savindra Patil

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture

Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

The present investigation was carried out with 56 genotypes involving 10

parental inbred lines, their 45 F1s hybrids and one check (HQPM-5) with an
objective to identify the suitable parents and desirable hybrid combinations
using diallel mating design (excluding reciprocals) during Rabi 2018-2019
and Kharif 2019 at Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics
and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj (Allahabad), U.P. Analysis of
variance revealed that the mean sum of squares due to treatments, parents,
Keywords hybrids and parent vs. hybrids showed significant differences for all traits
Diallel, Heterosis, studied at 1% level of significance except for Anthesis Silking Interval. The
GCA, SCA, Inbred, SCA variance were higher than GCA variances for traits viz., anthesis
Quality Protein
Maize
silking interval, plant height and ear height, days to maturity and number of
(Zea mays L.) kernel per row indicating predominance of non- additive gene action of
these traits. However, the low and moderate values were obtained in the
Article Info
remaining traits. The QPM inbred lines viz., CM-600, HKI-34 (H2), POP-
Accepted: 31Q-182Q11 and TMT-TROP (QPM) which exhibited good general
17 January 2021
Available Online: combiner for at least one trait can be used as donor parents for the
10 February 2021 accumulation of favourable genes and crosses TARUN-83-1-32 X JP-25-
W95 and TMT-TROP-(QPM) X CM-138-1 showed highest positive
significant SCA effects for grain yield per plant. These hybrids probably
have potential as parents of hybrid varieties, as well as for inclusion in
breeding programmes. POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-193-1, POP-31Q-182Q11
X TARUN-83-1-32 exhibited positive significant economic heterosis for
grain yield and other yield attributing characters over check indicating the
possibility of increasing yield by exploiting heterotic potential of these
maize genotypes.

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Introduction with QPM hybrids which are similar in

cultivation, grain yield, potentiality, and
Maize (Zea mays L.) crop has been subjected tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses with
to pervasive genetic studies than any other that of normal maize hybrids.
crops because of its cross pollinating nature
and extremely large genetic variability, which Development of hybrid variety is the effort
enables it to prosper in tropical, subtropical, that could be considered to increase QPM
and temperate climates. It plays a very yield per unit area. Therefore, heterosis and
important role in human and animal nutrition combining ability are the useful parameter for
and its kernel contains 80 % carbohydrates, breeding Sugiharto et al., (2018). The
10% protein, 4.5% oil, 3.5% fiber and 2% magnitude of heterosis provides a basis for
minerals (Jugenheimer, 1976). It is a good genetic diversity and acts as a guide in
source of calcium and phosphorous. Several choosing desirable lines and cross
hundred million people rely on maize as their combinations. Heterotic responses can be
principal daily food, for weaning babies, and obtained in the positive and negative
for feeding livestock. Unfortunately maize directions (+ve and –ve). Heterosis in negative
(corn) has two significant flaws; it lacks the direction was considered for days to 50%
full range of amino acids, tasseling, days to 50% silking, anthesis-silking
namely lysine and tryptophan, needed to interval, days to maturity, cob height and plant
produce proteins, and has its niacin (vitamin height and other traits in positive direction of
B3) bound in an indigestible complex. Maize heterosis is desirable. Combining ability of an
has suboptimal amounts of the essential amino inbred line depend on its ability to produce
acids tryptophan and lysine, which accounts superior hybrids in combination with other
for its lower status as a protein source (United inbreds and it is one of the powerful tools in
Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, identifying the good inbred lines as best
1992). The normal maize protein is of poor combiners that may be used in breeding
nutritional quality due to a deficiency in two program either to exploit heterosis or to
essential amino acids (lysine and tryptophan) accumulate productive genes. This approach
and high leucine-isoleucine ratio. However, has been used in identifying suitable maize
the breakthrough in maize production is genotypes for improvement of grain yield and
obtained after the discovery of opaque-2 other agronomic traits (Castilo and Goodman,
mutant maize which alters the amino acid 1989 and Fasahat et al., 2016). It also helps to
composition and enhances the grain understand the genetic architecture of various
tryptophan and lysine content in maize (Mertz characters that enable the breeder to design
et al., 1964). It promotes evolution of new effective breeding plan for the future
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) composites improvement of the existing materials.
such as Ratna, Shakti and Protina. QPM Therefore, the present study was conducted to
produces 70–100% more of lysine and estimate the magnitude of heterosis, the GCA
tryptophan than the most modern varieties of effect of parents, SCA effect of hybrids and
tropical maize. These two amino acids allow nature of gene action to explore suitable
the body to manufacture complete proteins, heterotic hybrid combinations in QPM.
thereby eliminating wet-malnutrition. In
addition tryptophan can be converted in the Materials and Methods
body to Niacin, which theoretically reduces
the incidence of Pellagra. Therefore, it is The present investigation was undertaken with
desirable to replace the present maize hybrids ten parental lines viz., HKI-193-1 (P1), JP-25-

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W95 (P2), CM-600 (P3), CM-138-1 (P4), significant differences for all traits studied at
DMR-N4 (P5), TARUN-83-1-32 (P6), LM-13 1% level of significant except for anthesis-
(P7), HKI-34 (H2) (P8), POP-31Q-182Q11 silking interval, which revealed that there is a
(P9), TMT-TROP-(QPM) (P10) which were wide range of variability among the genotypes
crossed in diallel mating design (excluding suggesting that the genotypes were genetically
reciprocals) to develop 45 F1’s hybrids at variant for each other and provide the scope
Field Experimentation Centre, Department of for breeding. Similar findings for analysis of
Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, variance for most of the characters in maize
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during Rabi 2018- were also reported by Sofi and Rather (2006)
2019 and Kharif 2019 under Randomized (Darshan and Marker, 2019). Variances due to
Block Design (RBD) with three replications General Combining Ability (GCA) and
and the experimental field was divided into 3 Specific Combining Ability (SCA) were
blocks of equal size with plot with of 3m and significant for all the characters except
Size of each bund 0.5 m, the row to row Anthesis Silking Interval. This study also
distance and Plant to plant distance 60 cm and revealed the significant differences of general
20 cm respectively and each line possesses combining ability (GCA) effects of parents
single genotype. and that of specific combining ability (SCA)
effects of hybrids. Significant variance due to
Observations for all traits were recorded on both GCA and SCA for all important yield
five randomly selected competitive plants attributing characters implied that both
from each plot in each replication for all the additive and non-additive genetic variances
characters viz. Days to first tassel emergence are important in controlling the expression of
(50%), Days to first silk emergence (50%), these characters. However, higher magnitude
Anthesis-silking interval (Days), Plant height of SCA effects than GCA effects
(cm), Cob height (cm), Days to maturity, Cob (GCA/SCA<1) were observed for anthesis
length (cm), Cob girth (cm), Number of kernel silking interval, plant height and ear height,
rows per cob, Number of kernel per row, 100 days to maturity and number of kernel per
kernel weight (g),Grain yield per plant row. The relatively smaller proportion of GCA
(g/plant) except for days to 50 % silk to SCA ratio indicated the predominance of
emergence, days to 50 % tassel emergence and non-additive genetic effects with respect to
days to maturity where the observation will be most of the traits in their inheritance,
recorded on plot basis. confirming the results of Aminu and Izge
(2013), Patel et al., (2016), Ram et al., (2017)
The data recorded during the present and Darshan and Marker (2019).
investigation was subjected to following
statistical analysis i.e. Analysis of variance GCA effects
(Fisher, 1963), Diallel analysis, Average
heterosis (Turner, 1953), Heterobeltiosis Results concluded (Table 1) that among 10
(Foneska and Patterson, 1968) and Economic QPM inbred lines tested for their combining
heterosis (Meredith and Bridges, 1972). abilities pertaining to different characters
under study, line CM-600 recorded significant
Results and Discussion gca effects in desirable direction for ten
different characters viz., days to 50%
The present investigation revealed that the tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to
mean sum of squares due to treatments, maturity, plant height, cob girth, cob length,
parents, hybrids and parent vs. hybrids showed kernel row per cob and number of kernel per

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row, test weight, and grain yield per plant 25-W95 (-4.33**), POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-
followed by HKI-34 (H2) for six characters 34 (H2) (-4.19**) and POP-31Q-182Q11 X
viz., cob girth., cob length, number of kernel TARUN-83-1-32 (-4.00**).
per row, number of kernel row per cob, 100
grain weight and grain yield per plant The perusal of SCA effects indicated that
followed by POP-31Q-182Q11 for plant eighteen cross combinations showed negative
height, cob girth, number of kernel per row, significant SCA effects for days to 50%
number of kernel row per cob and grain yield silking and the highest SCA effects exhibited
per plant followed by TMT-TROP (QPM) for by crosses viz., POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-34
days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, (H2) (-5.41**), POP-31Q-182Q11 X LM-13 (-
number of kernel per row and CM-138-1 for 5.05**), LM-13 X HKI-193-1 (-4.21**) and
days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking HKI-34 (H2) X HKI-193-1 (-3.91**). The
and days to maturity. perusal of SCA effects indicated that eleven
cross combinations showed negative
Thus, the Quality Protein Maize inbred lines significant SCA effects for days to maturity.
viz., CM-600, HKI-34 (H2), POP-31Q-
182Q11 and TMT-TROP (QPM) which The highest SCA effects for days to maturity
exhibited good general combiner for at least exhibited by crosses viz., HKI-34 (H2) X
one trait can be used as donor parents for the HKI-193-1 (-4.13**), POP-31Q-182Q11 X
accumulation of favourable genes (Scaria et HKI-34 (H2) (-4.08**), POP-31Q-182Q11 X
al., 2020). LM-13 (-4.02**) and LM-13 X HKI-193-1 (-
3.75**) indicating earliness. The highest SCA
Therefore these lines can be utilized in effects exhibited by crosses TARUN-83-1-32
improvement of the respective traits in any X JP-25-W95 (62.21**) followed by TMT-
breeding programme wherever hybridization TROP-(QPM) X CM-138-1 (55.51**), POP-
is involved. Due to their good combining 31Q-182Q11 X CM-600 (49.09**), POP-31Q-
ability these lines can be utilized straightaway 182Q11 X HKI-34 (H2) (48.46**) and HKI-
as parents for production of good hybrids by 34 (H2) X CM-600 (30.52**).
crossing with other divergent lines and can
also be employed in the development of These hybrids probably have potential as
synthetic varieties. These findings are in parents of hybrid varieties, as well as for
conformity with the findings of Mostafavi et inclusion in breeding programmes, since they
al., (2012), Aminu et al., (2014) and Scaria et may contribute superior alleles in new
al., (2020). populations for high grain yield.

SCA effects These results are in line with earlier

independent studies of Kumar et al., (1998)
The estimates of SCA effects (Table 2) and Joshi et al., (1998) who reported that
indicated that twelve cross combinations maize grain yield and other traits were under
showed negative significant SCA effects for the control of non-additive (SCA effects) type
days to 50% tasseling. of gene action.

The highest SCA effects for days to 50% Similar results are also found by Junaidul et
tasseling exhibited by crosses viz., TMT- al., (2015), Patel et al., (2015), Matin et al.,
TROP-(QPM) X HKI-193-1 (-4.78**), LM-13 (2016), Tulu et al., (2016), Darshan and
X JP-25-W95 (-4.75**), HKI-34 (H2) X JP- Marker (2019) and Solomon et al., (2020).

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Table.1 General combining Ability effects of parents for different parameters in Quality Protein Maize

S.No. Notation Genotype name Days to Days to Anthesis- Plant Cob Days to Cob Cob Number Number 100 seed Grain
50% 50% silking height height maturity girth length of of weight yield
tasseling silking interval (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) kernel kernel (g) per
per row row per plant
cob (g/plant)
1 P1 HKI-193-1 1.10** 1.21** -0.02 12.05** -13.57** -0.18 0.06 -0.05 -0.40 0.01 -1.49** -8.19**
2 P2 JP-25-W95 -0.03 0.10 0.14 11.08 ** -4.13** -0.15 -0.16 * -0.22 -0.01 -0.06 1.51 ** 5.46**
3 P3 CM-600 -0.95** -1.09** -0.27 23.42** 13.32** -1.29** 0.20** 0.56* 2.42** 0.16* 0.75** 10.80**
4 P4 CM-138-1 -0.53** -0.45** 0.36* 6.19** 0.09 -1.35** -0.08 -0.49* -0.20 0.06 -0.95 ** -3.35**
5 P5 DMR-N4 -0.01 0.10 0.03 -0.49 0.32 0.51* -0.2** -0.6** -2.6** -0.48** 0.98** 5.98**
6 P6 TARUN-83-1-32 0.272 0.32* -0.10 -22.06** 1.78* 1.28** -0.52** 0.15 -0.61* -0.28** 0.62* -4.34**
7 P7 LM-13 0.21 0.21 -0.21 10.90** -4.46** 0.28 -0.15* -0.20 -1.47** -0.21* -0.19 -5.81**
8 P8 HKI-34 (H2) 0.21 0.18 0.06 5.14 ** 7.91** 0.78** 0.38** 0.51* 1.23** 0.57** 0.52* 8.88**
9 P9 POP-31Q-182Q11 0.18 -0.17 -0.10 -3.01* -0.59 0.20 0.32** 0.26 0.91** 0.21** -0.19 2.60*
10 P10 TMT-TROP-(QPM) -0.47** -0.40** 0.17 3.01* -0.66 -0.10 0.19* 0.11 0.77** 0.07 -0.31 -0.11
**Significant at 1% and *Significant at 5% level

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Table.2 Specific combining Ability effects of crosses for different parameters in Quality Protein Maize

S.N Genotypes Days to Days to Anthesis Plant Cob Days to Cob Cob No. of No. of 100 seed Grain yield /
o. 50% 50% -silking height height maturity girth length kernel / kernel weight plant
tasseling silking interval (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) row row / cob (g) (g/plant)
1 JP-25-W95 X HKI-193-1 0.19 0.51 -0.45 -25.61** -10.19 2.69** -0.64* -0.21 1.68 0.81** -2.30** -2.40
2 CM-600 X HKI-193-1 -0.83 -1.52** 0.10 -2.43 4.69 0.77 -0.19 -0.12 3.09** -1.28** -1.96* -7.65*
3 CM-600 X JP-25-W95 -0.16 -0.41 0.71 7.05 -2.31 1.47* 0.04 -0.60 -1.64 -0.09 -2.55 -11.85**
4 CM-138-1 X HKI-193-1 -0.83 -1.55** -0.01 -0.52 -0.67 1.61* 0.12 3.49** 2.67** 0.30 -0.15 5.65
5 CM-138-1 X JP-25-W95 -1.86** 0.22 0.93 -28.10** -15.67** -0.02 0.15 -1.99* -3.26** 0.82** -2.64** -13.70**
6 CM-138-1 X CM-600 -0.50 -1.46** -0.51 2.34 -0.83 0.38 0.37 -0.58 -2.18* 0.73** 0.86 -1.12
7 DMR-N X HKI-193-1 -0.83 1.00 -0.12 -3.56 2.36 -0.38 -1.74** 0.05 7.28** 0.90** -0.09 22.32**
4
8 DMR-N X JP-25-W95 1.44** -0.21 0.49 -20.13** -16.24** -0.02 1.61** -0.11 -2.79** 0.23 2.64** 0.59
4
9 DMR-N X CM-600 -0.22 -1.91** -0.62 0.50 -16.41** -0.61 0.06 0.16 -0.24 0.94** -1.75* -4.05*
4
10 DMR-N X CM-138-1 -1.58** -0.93 -0.06 4.48 -3.23 1.22 0.52 1.80* 2.26* 0.25 -0.21 -7.07
4
11. TARUN-83-1-32 X HKI-193-1 -1.25* 0.07 0.07 10.87* 7.15 0.05 0.92** -1.93* -4.45** -0.62* 8.35** 3.69
12. TARUN-83-1-32 X JP-25-W95 0.38 0.35 0.35 19.42** 18.42** -1.58* -2.47** 2.39** 8.13** 1.33** 7.56** 62.21**
13. TARUN-83-1-32 X CM-600 -1.28 0.90 0.90 1.80 -1.08 -1.16 0.73** 0.92 -0.78 -0.72* 2.06* -6.11
14. TARUN-83-1-32 X CM-138-1 0.02 -0.87 -0.87 -19.95** -3.57 1.00 0.73** 1.80* -0.47 0.32 -2.90* -4.47**
15. TARUN-83-1-32 X DMR-N -0.30 0.01 0.01 5.27 10.04 ** 0.33 -0.63* -1.05 -3.66** -0.26 -0.42 -13.17**
4
16. LM-13 X HKI-193-1 -0.36 -4.21** 1.07* 12.91** 21.45 -3.75** -0.49 1.29 3.73** -0.18 3.31** 22.99
17. LM-13 X JP-25-W95 -4.73** 0.22 -0.98 12.40** 8.64** -2.72** 0.10 -1.95* -2.74** -0.19 2.67** -4.50
18. LM-13 X CM-600 0.91 1.53** 0.90 9.44* 5.20 -0.63 -1.20** 0.27 3.40** 0.65* 1.32 17.40**
19. LM-13 X CM-138-1 0.55 2.17** -1.20* 9.15* 7.38* -0.13 0.84** -0.68 -1.61 0.76** 0.18 -3.51
20. LM-13 X DMR-N 1.88** 0.72 0.35 40.38 ** 4.94 0.19 -0.25 1.43 4.78** 0.97** -1.51 6.19
4
21. LM-13 X TARUN-83-1-32 0.16 -0.71 0.21 0.08 13.20** 2.30 0.93** 0.38 -0.35 1.04 0.68 3.30
22. HKI-34 (H2) X HKI-193-1 -0.55 -3.91** 0.37 26.82** 5.22 -4.13** 0.01 0.09 -0.82 1.26** 3.11** 16.43**
23. HKI-34 (H2) X JP-25-W95 -4.33** -0.13 -0.01 37.64** 15.62** -1.11 0.72 -0.62 -0.76 -0.07 2.78** 5.42
24. HKI-34 (H2) X CM-600 -0.66 -0.49 0.21 29.95** 15.18** -0.02 0.86** 1.93* 2.51** 0.49 4.83** 30.52**
25. HKI-34 (H2) X CM-138-1 -0.36 -0.52 1.10 * 43.06** 26.35** -0.86 -2.33** 0.53 0.69 -0.58* -3.54** -18.25**
26. HKI-34 (H2) X DMR-N -0.36 2.69** -0.67 54.82** 37.58 ** 1.80 0.07 1.31 6.89** -0.24 1.38 19.27**
4
27. HKI-34 (H2) X TARUN-83-1-32 2.24** 3.92** 0.18 14.32** 12.44** 1.25 -0.69* 1.88* 0.02 0.08 -2.65** -11.57**
28. HKI-34 (H2) X LM-13 1.52** -3.85** 1.18 * 16.56** 5.80* -2.55** 0.73** 1.07 1.88* 0.26 -1.22 -3.99
29. POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-193-1 -3.61 ** 3.89** -0.70 21.49** -15.45** 2.38 0.35 -0.38 -4.18** -0.11 -0.10 -12.15**
30. POP-31Q-182Q11 X JP-25-W95 3.41** -0.99 0.57 -6.88 -12.05** 0.75 0.52 -0.61 -2.39* 1.21** 0.34 -3.07
31. POP-31Q-182Q11 X CM-600 -0.91 1.64** 0.46 5.96 -0.63 0.83 0.25 2.69** 5.35** 0.85** 6.54** 49.09**
32. POP-31Q-182Q11 X CM-138-1 0.05 -1.05* -0.31 35.87** 12.08** 0.66 0.38 0.65 3.59** -0.36 2.41** 15.97**

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33. POP-31Q-182Q11 X DMR-N -0.61 -3.82** 1.24 * 39.76** 26.90 ** -2.33** -1.73** -0.84 2.00* -0.15 0.43 0.63
4
34. POP-31Q-182Q11 X TARUN-83-1-32 -4.00** -1.27* -0.23 23.40** 2.89 -0.22 -0.82** -0.60 -1.93 0.17 3.21** -2.17
35. POP-31Q-182Q11 X LM-13 -0.72 -5.05** 0.10 18.03** 10.72 ** -4.02** -0.08 2.49** -1.07 1.15** -0.93 -3.14**
36. POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-34 (H2) -4.19** -5.41** -0.92 -1.91 -7.83 ** -4.08 ** 0.83 1.93* 4.63** 1.53** 5.37** 48.46**
37. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X HKI-193-1 -4.78** 0.44 -0.20 9.42* 4.45 -1.25 0.13 1.31 -1.32 -0.85** -3.66** -16.88**
38. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X JP-25-W95 0.94 -1.43** -0.59 18.45 ** 7.11 * -1.55* -0.41 0.02 -3.33** -2.46** -0.85 -19.62**
39. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X CM-600 -1.41** -1.80** -0.70 -15.63** 10.47** -2.80** 1.11** -2.34** -4.52** 0.11 1.43 -6.00
40. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X CM-138-1 -1.08* -1.82** -0.48 28.73 ** 10.12** 0.36 1.09** -1.43 4.85** 1.36** 8.86** 55.51**
41. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X DMR-N -0.47 -0.60 -0.92 31.03 ** 4.47 -1.30 1.33** -0.11 0.12 0.43 3.87** 17.74**
4
42. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X TARUN-83-1- -1.86** -2.05** -0.39 6.13 -12.26** -1.52* -0.28 -0.03 1.92* 1.97** 3.30** 7.62*
32
43. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X LM-13 -0.33 -0.49 -0.06 28.23** -0.10 1.00 0.05 1.36 2.17* 0.28 -1.24 0.22
44. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X HKI-34 (H2) -0.58 -1.18* 0.24 -36.65** -21.53** 2.27** 0.50 -0.33 -0.51 -0.54 1.41 3.9
45. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X POP-31Q- 2.497** 3.28** 0.49 14.44** 16.25** -0.19 0.58* 0.11 0.66 0.48 -2.35** -4.84
182Q11
**Significant at 1% and *Significant at 5% level

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Table.3 Economic heterosis (Hc) for Quantitative traits in Quality Protein Maize

S.N Genotypes Days to Days to Anthesis- Plant Cob Days to Cob Cob No. of No. of 100 seed Grain yield /
o. 50% 50% silking height height maturity girth length kernel / kernel row weight plant
tasseling silking interval (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) row / cob (g) (g/plant)
1 JP-25-W95 X HKI-193-1 -8.19** -8.84** -41.67* -9.49* -24.08** -0.36 -5.60 -14.42 -6.55 6.52 -4.81 2.06
2 CM-600 X HKI-193-1 -7.60** -9.39** -16.67 10.44** -4.39 -0.72 1.68 -14.34 -15.94** 3.26 -1.98 1.38
3 CM-600 X JP-25-W95 -9.94** -11.60** -25.00 8.28* 3.91 -1.79 -1.41 -12.21 -0.87 -7.61* 0.24 3.55
4 CM-138-1 X HKI-193-1 -10.53** -10.50 ** -50.00* 3.29 -7.26 -1.79 0.43 -17.25* -25.55** 6.52 14.27* 4.76
5 CM-138-1 X JP-25-W95 -8.19** -8.29 ** -16.67 -18.61** -35.17** -2.87* -1.90 -28.06** -30.13** 4.35 -5.81 -22.88**
6 CM-138-1 X CM-600 -9.94** -11.60 ** -33.33 0.26 -17.30** -1.43 -3.21 6.73 -11.14* -1.09 5.43 1.51
7 DMR-N X HKI-193-1 -9.36** -9.39 ** -41.67* -10.93** -17.46** -0.36 -2.50 -4.08 -17.03** -10.87** 3.66 -2.61
4
8 DMR-N X JP-25-W95 -9.94** -11.05** -50.00* -4.08 -18.42** -1.79 -1.36 -10.08 -16.38** -5.43 -0.24 2.62
4
9 DMR-N X CM-600 -7.60** -8.84 ** -25.00 -20.42** -28.39** -1.79 -5.60 -13.55 -25.76** -7.61* 17.21** 0.23
4
10 DMR-N X CM-138-1 -5.85** -7.18** -33.33 -7.79* -6.22 -2.51* 5.92 -13.42 6.77 6.25 3.66 28.10**
4
11. TARUN-83-1-32 X HKI-193-1 -8.19** -9.39 ** -33.33 -4.58 4.15 -1.08 -9.95** -25.63** -40.17** -10.87** 8.28 -32.47**
12. TARUN-83-1-32 X JP-25-W95 -8.19** -9.39** -58.33** -12.56** -19.62** -1.43 -11.85** -9.30 -32.53** -5.43 -1.46 -21.87**
13. TARUN-83-1-32 X CM-600 -7.60** -8.29** -8.33 8.89* -1.83 -3.23** -8.59** -10.34 -24.67** -7.61* 25.57** -2.73
14. TARUN-83-1-32 X CM-138-1 -9.94** -11.60** -25.00 14.26** 11.32* -4.30** 2.07 -2.39 3.49 6.25 48.25** 88.22**
15. TARUN-83-1-32 X DMR-N -8.19** -8.29 ** -25.00 12.63** -2.23 -2.87* 0.98 -31.58** -38.21** -10.87** 51.48** -1.53
4
16. LM-13 X HKI-193-1 -9.94** -10.50** -16.67 8.51* 5.90 -1.79 -0.27 -20.42** -27.95** 2.17 11.97* -6.85
17. LM-13 X JP-25-W95 -8.19** -7.73** -16.67 19.14** -2.23 -3.23** -3.59 -8.34 -4.59 3.26 -6.11 -0.28
18. LM-13 X CM-600 -5.26** -5.52** -58.33** 7.75* -6.78 -4.66** -6.41 -24.46** -28.38** 2.17 4.04 -16.67*
19. LM-13 X CM-138-1 -7.60** -6.63** 0.00 17.02** 5.42 -4.66** 5.54 -13.55 -3.06 7.61* 12.84* 35.53**
20. LM-13 X DMR-N -7.02** -9.39** -50.00* 14.07** -0.64 -7.53** -4.67 -29.71** -24.24** -2.17 15.82** -5.77
4
21. LM-13 X TARUN-83-1-32 -18.13** -17.13** 8.33 17.59** 14.59** -8.96** 3.21 -9.56 -3.49 -3.26 18.29** 30.55**
22. HKI-34 (H2) X HKI-193-1 -16.96** -17.68** 0.00 31.43** 12.60* -8.96** -0.43 -7.99 -4.15 1.09 1.85 6.99
23. HKI-34 (H2) X JP-25-W95 -7.02** -3.87** -33.33 26.36** 20.81** -2.87* -2.88 -3.78 -18.12** -4.35 4.23 -7.92
24. HKI-34 (H2) X CM-600 -5.26** -5.52** -58.33** 37.10** 52.63** -1.43 -2.83 -2.22 10.92* -5.43 15.79** 39.62**
25. HKI-34 (H2) X CM-138-1 -9.94** -11.05** -16.67 36.7** 31.74** -5.38** -1.25 -9.60 -12.23** -7.61* -5.59 -17.53*
26. HKI-34 (H2) X DMR-N -9.94** -11.05** -33.33 38.43** 33.17** -3.94** 6.28 4.17 2.62 7.61* 37.64** 75.51**
4
27. HKI-34 (H2) X TARUN-83-1-32 -10.53** -11.0** -41.67* 38.16** 23.52** -5.73** -5.87 -14.12 -9.17 0.00 24.47** 29.52**
28. HKI-34 (H2) X LM-13 -18.13** -17.68 ** -25.00 35.25** 11.00* -9.32** -0.71 -10.43 -9.83* 9.78** 25.49** 41.68**
29. POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-193-1 -18.13** -19.34** -58.33** 23.71** -8.77 -9.32** 6.63* -0.61 5.46 10.87** 44.88** 96.80**

30. POP-31Q-182Q11 X JP-25-W95 -16.37** -17.68** -16.67 25.26** -2.39 -9.32** 2.34 -3.87 -21.83** 6.52 6.78 0.41
31. POP-31Q-182Q11 X CM-600 -9.36** -10.50** -33.33 24.51** -11.48* -3.23** 1.14 -25.11** -32.53** -5.43 35.74 ** -1.96

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32. POP-31Q-182Q11 X CM-138-1 -14.62** -14.36** 0.00 21.56** 18.98** -4.66** -13.48** -21.46** -13.10** -6.52 14.87* 4.49
33. POP-31Q-182Q11 X DMR-N -8.77** -9.94** -41.67* 25.68** -6.22 -2.51 * -6.09 -13.99 -10.70* -7.61* 26.33** 24.81**
4
34. POP-31Q-182Q11 X TARUN-83-1- -7.60** -5.52** -16.67 17.81** -6.62 -1.79 4.02 3.95 3.93 8.70* 49.37** 94.89**
32
35. POP-31Q-182Q11 X LM-13 -9.36** -10.50** -16.67 5.90 -30.46** -2.51* -3.91 -19.20* -22.49** 8.70* 16.47** 9.25
36. POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-34 (H2) -2.92* -2.76* -41.67* 25.23** -34.61** -1.08 -11.03** -18.68* -28.82** -3.26 13.79* -8.04
37. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X HKI-193-1 -1.75 -1.10 -16.67 -3.52 -12.12* -3.94** -10.11** -16.55* -16.81** 1.09 -2.55 -9.17
38. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X JP-25-W95 -8.77** -10.50** -33.33 -9.11* -36.44** -2.51 * 1.79 -14.29 -12.66** -5.43 11.78 11.59
39. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X CM-600 -7.60** -8.29** -25.00 17.93** -26.63** -3.94** -4.29 -10.17 -12.45 ** 0.00 -8.98 -14.68
40. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X CM-138-1 -9.36** -9.94** -41.67* 1.59 -40.91** -4.66** -8.37* -20.33** -21.18 ** 9.78** -9.56 -7.62
41. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X DMR-N -6.43** -7.18** -58.33** 3.48 -19.14** -3.58** -1.09 -15.60 -20.52** -1.09 16.91** 9.54
4
42. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X TARUN-83- -7.60** -9.39** -50.00* 8.51* -19.86** -2.87* 10.16** -26.50** -7.86 7.07* 42.66** 62.75**
1-32
43. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X LM-13 -8.19** -9.39** -50.00* -7.56* -4.63 -5.73** -2.99 -27.76** -29.69** 3.26 10.78 -5.87
44. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X HKI-34 (H2) -7.60** -9.39** -50.00* 7.15 -18.82** -5.02** 5.87 -13.94 -26.86** -20.65** -3.53 -35.03**
45. TMT-TROP-(QPM) X POP-31Q- -5.26** -6.63** -33.33 5.26 -22.09** -5.02** 4.51 -6.52 -20.74** -8.70* -17.43** -34.99**
182Q11
**Significant at 1% and *Significant at 5% level

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Heterosis Guinea and Sudan Savannas of Borno

State. Peak Journal of Agricultural
Cross POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-193-1 Sciences, 1(1):17 – 23.
exhibited highest negative significant Aminu, D., Mohammed, S. G., Kabir, B. G.
economic heterosis (Table 3) for traits viz., (2014). Estimates of Combining
days to 50% tasseling (18.13%), days to 50% Ability and Heterosis for Yield and
silking (19.34%) and Anthesis Silking Interval Yield Traits in Maize Population (Zea
(58.33%). Crosses viz., POP-31Q-182Q11 X mays L.), under Drought Conditions in
JP-25-W95, POP-31Q-182Q11 X HKI-193-1 the Northern Guinea and Sudan
and HKI-34 (H2) X LM-13 recorded highest Savanna Zones of Borno State,
negative significant heterosis for days to Nigeria. International Journal of
maturity. These crosses can be exploited Agriculture Innovations and Research,
further in breeding program for developing 2 (5): 2319-1473.
early maturing varieties. Genotypes which Darshan, S. S. and Marker, S.
showed early maturity can be of immense use (2019).Heterosis and combining ability
in future breeding program. These findings are for grain yield and its component
in conformity with the findings of Shah et al., characters in quality protein maize
(2016) and Matin et al., (2016). The desirable (Zea mays L.) hybrids. Electronic
crosses combination POP-31Q-182Q11 X Journal of Plant Breeding, 10(1):111-
HKI-193-1 and POP-31Q-182Q11 X TARUN- 118
83-1-32 showed high magnitude of heterosis Gammingi, S. R., Marker, S., Scaria S. and
over the check variety HQPM-5 for grain Ansari, S. M. S. (2020). Quantitative
yield along with other yield attributing studies on heterosis and inbreeding
characters. The study of heterotic response depression in quality protein maize for
revealed that we can adopt the option of terminal heat tolerance. Journal of
developing single cross QPM hybrids from the Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9
materials under study that belong to high (2): 784-788.
Quality Protein Maize Remtluangpuii et al., Joshi, V. N., Pandiya, N. K. and Dubey, R. B.
(2020), Darshan and Marker (2019), Solomon (1998). Heterosis and Combining
et al.,(2020). Ability for Quality and Yield in Early
Maturing Single Cross Hybrids of
Acknowledgements Maize. Indian Journal of Genetic and
Breeding, 58: 519-524.
Present investigation was done as a part of Junaidul, H. I., Onovo, J. C., Mijinyawa, A.
M.Sc. thesis. The authors are thankful to the and Abdul K. B. M. (2015).
Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Combining ability in quality protein
Educational Research and Government of maize using diallel crosses among five
Uttar Pradesh for providing financial inbred lines. Journal of Natural
assistance to this project. Sciences Research, 5 (14) 2224-3186.
Kumar, A., Gangashetti, M. G. and Kumar, N.
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How to cite this article:

Preeti Basser, Shailesh Marker and Kulbhushan Savindra Patil. 2021. Combining Ability
Analysis of Early Maturing Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Lines and Heterosis of their
F1 Hybrids. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 10(02): 2065-2075.
doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1002.246

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