Isaiah chapter 1Commentary by verses.

Exhortations and threats.

1.1 VISION. Isaiah did not prophesy or write in

return of your ideas. On the contrary, I had visions of the
part of God, by the inspiration of the Holy Spirit (cf.
2 Peter 1:20,21). He was granted to see the events
futures in the divine plan of salvation, through
inerrant communication from God Himself.
1.1 ISAIAH. The name Isaiah means the LORD
salvation. As a prophet appointed by God, Isaiah
he began his ministry in 740 BC, in the year that
King Uzziah died (see 6:1). He prophesied for more than
forty years and probably died around 680
BC (see the introduction to Isaiah for more about him).
1.1 ABOUT JUDAH. The long ministry
the prophetic of Isaiah took place during the time of the kingdom
divided (see 1 Rs 12.20 note; 2 Cr 10.1 note). O
Northern Kingdom called by different names of
Israel, Samaria and Ephraim encompassed ten tribes of
Israel. The Kingdom of the South commonly called
Judah, with its capital in Jerusalem, consisted of
tribes of Judah and Benjamin. The two kingdoms, in
in the time of Isaiah, they were deviated from God and from
its law and they turned to the pagan nations and their gods
false to free them from their enemies. The Kingdom of
The North was subdued and destroyed by Assyria in 722.
a.C. Isaiah warned Judah that this kingdom,
also, would be destroyed because of your sin and
apostasy (39.6).
1.2 I was betrayed against me. ( Betray )
here, it is literally to rebel). The concert of God
with the Israeli people included Judah and Israel, which
they also received from Him His law, His temple and
their promises; however, they lived in sin,
they underestimated the divine concert, and not
they recognized God as the source of salvation and
his other blessings. Therefore, God was going to punish them.
(vv. 5-8).
1.3 ISRAEL. Here, Israel refers to all the twelve
tribes, including Judah.
1.4 SAINT OF ISRAEL. This expression, as a
the title of God appears twenty-six times in Isaiah,
in addition to five more times that He is called
only the Saint. The prophet, when using this name of
God (certainly originated, in part, from the sublime
the vision that Isaiah had of God, in His holiness
cap. 6), not only highlights the character
expressly holy of God, but also that the
What is of God must be holy, so that
may we continue in communion with Him.
1.7 YOUR LAND IS DEVASTATED. In your
effort to lead Judah to repentance, God
allowed the plundering of their land by foreigners (see
The sin of the Israelites deprived them of
blessing and protection of God, and punishment came upon
them. The land and its people would finally be
subjugated by Nebuchadnezzar and his army
Babylonian (605 586 BC). A people that continues
obstinate and indifferent on the path of sin, will attract
the divine judgment and, finally, destruction.
1.9,10 SODOM... GOMORRA. The cities of
Sodom and Gomorrah were completely destroyed by
cause of your extreme sin (Gen 19:1-25). Isaiah
Judah equates these cities because of their
great infidelity.
1.11 WHAT USE IS THE CROWD TO ME?
YOUR SACRIFICES? Isaiah condemns the people for
commit wicked acts and injustices (vv. 16,17) and to the
at the same time offer sacrifices to God and also
to pray and worship Him. Worship and praise is a
abomination to God if our heart does not
being entirely dedicated to Him and His
holy paths (cf. 66.3; Jer 7.21-26; Hos 6.6; Am
5.21-24; Micah 6.6-8).

1.15 AS YOUR PRAYERS, I DO NOT HEAR THEM.

sin in the believer's life will lead God to divert his
the face of your prayers (see James 4:3 note; 1 John 3:22
Note; see the study THE EFFECTIVE PRAYER
1.18 Come now, and let us reason together, says the Lord.
I wanted to condemn and destroy your people. He would forgive.
everything, if they would only repent,
they stopped doing evil, they took care to do the
well and obeyed His Word (vv. 16-19). The
divine forgiveness is now available to all
sinners, who confess their sins to God,
they repent and accept the purification provided by
God, through the blood of Jesus Christ (Lk
Those who reject the
God's mercy and, in their rebellion, they cling to
to their own paths, they will be lost (v. 20).
1.25 I WILL COMPLETELY PURIFY YOURS
SCRAPS. God wanted to purge the evil among the
your people and restore a remnant that
repent (vv. 18,19,26,27). God has not yet
he would conclude his work through Judah (cf. Ez 1;
5.2,14-16), for the Redeemer of all mankind
it would still have to come through this chosen people.
Zion (v. 27, i.e., Jerusalem) would be restored, but
only those who faithfully turned to God would be
save; the unrepentant would be destroyed (cf. v. 28;
65.8-15).

Isaiah chapter 2Commentary by verses.

The future glory of true Israel. Judgments

preparations. The day of the LORD. The purification
from Jerusalem.
2.2 IN RECENT DAYS. The NT defines the last
days like the period of time between the first and the
second coming of Christ (see Acts 2:17 note). That
what Isaiah describes in verses 1-5 will have its
total fulfillment at the second coming of Christ
when He establishes the kingdom of God on earth.
2.2-5 THE MOUNTAIN OF THE HOUSE OF WILL BE SIGNED
LORD. Isaiah prophesies about a period
when will the divine government be established throughout the
earth (cf. Micah 4:1-3). All iniquity, injustice and
rebellions directed against God and His law will be
the defeated ones and justice will prevail (cf. 59.20 60.3,14;
Jr 33.14-16; Zc 2.10-12). All nations, Jews and
gentiles will worship and serve the Lord. This
prophecy manifests the final purpose of God for
Israel and the human race; it fulfills itself in itself
Jesus Christ, who executes judgment and justice on earth
(9.1-7; 11.3-5).
2.3 TEACH US... YOUR WAYS... YOUR
VEREDAS. The primary interest of all those who
they become disciples of the Lord should be
to know and obey your will, as citizens
of your kingdom. It is important that those who proclaim the
God's message, take the utmost care with the
that prays and teaches, so that this may be the message
from God, coming from the inspired Scriptures, i.e.,
the revelation of Christ, of the prophets of the Old Testament and of the

apostles of the NT (see Eph 2:20 note). Everybody,

both the lost and the saved need to hear the
truth of God proclaimed by anointed lips
by the Holy Spirit, dedicated to the right paths
from God.
2.6-9 YOU ABANDONED YOUR PEOPLE. These
verses describe apostasy and worldliness
from the nation of Judah. Its inhabitants abandoned the
God, they adopted idolatry and occultism, they delighted in
on the impious practices of the pagans and deposited
your trust in money, in the rings
internationally and in military might. Hence, Isaiah prays
so that there would be no forgiveness until God,
through hard setbacks, they led you to a
heartfelt repentance (vv. 17-21). He knew
that the apparent forgiveness of the religious ritual only
it would worsen the situation. A sincere regret
must precede forgiveness (1.16-20).
The height of the rods will be humbled.
One of the serious consequences of human pride
it is the belief that the person does not depend on God
to decide how to live, as well as to decide
about what is right and wrong. On the day of judgment,
in the presence of the Lord, those who do so
they will suffer the worst shame.

2.12 THE DAY OF THE LORD. According to the words of

Isaiah, the time of judgment was near. The
immediate fulfillment of your prophecy was the
the devastation of the land of Israel by God, employing
the Assyrian and Babylonian armies as agents of
your wrath (39.6). From the distant prophetic perspective, the day
the LORD refers to the occasion when God
will banish all iniquity from the earth (cf. Joel 2:31; see 1 Thessalonians
5.2 notes; see Ap 4-19).

Isaiah chapter 3Commentary by verses.

3.1 WILL BE TAKEN FROM JERUSALEM. As a result of

sins of the people, divine punishment will reach everyone
segments of society and everyone will suffer (vv. 2,3).
3.5 OPPRESSED... EACH ONE, AGAINST THEIR OWN
NEXT. The rejection of God's ways in a
society paves the way for injustice, oppression
cruelty, violence, disrespect towards parents by
rebellious youth and the repudiation of all restrictions
moral (see Mt 24:12 note; 2 Tim 3:1-5 notes). All
people suffer when society
morally disintegrates.
3.10 Woe to the Righteous. Isaiah was commanded to
encourage those who remained faithful to God in
in the midst of an unholy people. The just would suffer now
for the love of justice, but later they would have victory
and God would reward them richly. To the wicked,
however, God reserves the punishment (see Mt 5:10 note).

3.14 THE SPOIL OF THE POOR. ( Spoil here, is

literally goods taken from the neighbor). God
abominates mistreatment of the less fortunate of
society. In the church, He also observes and takes
in account the way your members treat each other
to others (see Cl 3.25 note). God requires that the
believer demonstrate love, justice, and compassion in your
relationship with others.
3.16-26 THE DAUGHTERS OF ZION. The women of the kingdom
of Judah, amid spiritual and moral decline and
politicians of the nation were known for their attachment
crazy about everything that fashion offered, and for the
external beauty, instead of prioritizing holiness
interior and for the love of God. They were women
egocentric, who sought to be beautiful to
awakening sensual attraction and only caring
of what interested them, without showing it
any concern for the oppressed, the poor,
or with the critical spiritual condition of their families
and compatriots. God warned them that they were going to suffer
shame and humiliation when they were like
unhappy slaves of the lords of their people (vv.
17,24). God still requires humility, modesty and
holiness of the believing woman (see 1 Cor 11:6)
note; 1 Tim 2:9 note; cf. 1 Pet 3:3,4).
Isaiah chapter 4Commentary by verses.

4.2 THE RENEWAL OF THE LORD. This is a title of

Messiah (i.e., the Christ). He will sprout like a shoot.
from the root of David (see 11.1; 53.2; Jer 23.5; 33.15; Zech
3.8; 6.12; Rm
15.12; Ap 5.5; 22.16). Verses 2-6 refer to
a time, both of judgment and of salvation; a
time when Christ will reign over his
faithful remnant in
Jerusalem (v. 4) and will take care of it with great
solicitude and love (cf. 38.5-8,15-17; 65.18).
4.3 THEY WILL BE CALLED SAINTS. Those who
will be called to survive the coming judgment
saints, i.e., they will have the character of God, who is the Holy One
from Israel (1.4).
In other words, they will be separated from the world.
sinful, purified from all stain by the blood
of Christ, and regenerated by the Holy Spirit. About
they will pair to
glory of God like a cloud (v. 5).

Isaiah chapter 5Commentary by verses.

The parable of the vineyard and its application.

5.1-7 A VINEYARD. This parable of the vineyard

demonstrates that God did everything possible to make of
Judah a holy and fruitful nation. Only after
that the Jews refused to be what God wanted them to be
they were that He destroyed His vineyard
(compare the parable of the wicked tenants, narrated)
by Jesus in Mt 21:33-44). This parable of Isaiah
foretells, historically, the destruction of
Jerusalem and the Kingdom of Judah in 586 BC.

5.8-32 AI DOS THAT... Six ais (i.e., statements of

judgments) are issued against six types of
pecados: (1) cobiça egoísta (v. 8); (2) embriaguês
(vv. 11,12); (3) mockery of disbelief in the power of
God to judge sin (vv. 18,19); (4) corruption
of God's moral standards (v. 20); (5) arrogance and
pride (v. 21); and (6) perversion of justice (vv. 22, 23);
cf. the eyes of Christ against the hypocrites of religion;
see Mt 23 notes).
5.20 THEY CALL IT WELL. It is common in society
exalt sin by calling depravity strength
masculine, with authentic virtue and commendable freedom.
At the same time, society opposes righteousness.
branding her as evil. Two well-known examples,
regarding the subject at hand. (1) The perversion
sexual (i.e., homosexualism and lesbianism),
society considers an alternative way of life
legitimate, which must have public acceptance, while
those who condemn such conduct, for observing the
biblical standards of sexual morality are called
of intolerant and defenders of a prejudice
oppressor. (2) The defenders of abortion, society
they call them sensitive people, dedicated to
in accordance with women's rights, while the
defenders of life, the same society calls them
of extremists or religious fanatics. As for the
believer, he must, at all times, maintain himself
faithfully and wholeheartedly, within the standards
divine beings of good and evil, as it reveals to us the
Word of God written
5.24 THEREFORE THEY REJECTED THE LAW OF
LORD. The book of Isaiah contains the doctrine of
just compensation for sin. The rejection of teachings
of the Lord and the contempt for His Word by someone,
will result in a judgment about such a person, the judgment that
these sins result in (v. 25; cf. Hos 4:6).
5.26 THE NATIONS FROM AFAR. Isaiah describes the
imminent destruction of Judah by a distant nation;
destruction soon and certain. Judah would have no strength
to make the enemy retreat. Isaiah was certainly
foreseeing the invasions of the Assyrians, whose armies
they looted Judah in 701 BC, and from the Babylonians,
Cujas incursions began in 605 BC. God
many times has used other nations to punish
your people for apostasy (see also Mt 5:13 note).

Isaiah chapter 6Commentary by verses.

Isaiah is chosen and consecrated as a prophet.

6.1 IN THE YEAR KING UZZIAH DIED. This
it was approximately 740 BC (cf. 2 Chronicles 26:16-
Isaiah must have prophesied before this (1.5),
but now he had a vision of God, he was purified
and received a specific call from God to
preach Your Word to a spiritually hungry people
blind, deaf, and insensitive (vv. 9,10).

6.1 I SAW THE LORD. Isaiah, by this vision of

Sir, you had a correct understanding of your
message and call. The vision revealed one of
main themes of the book, namely: that glory,
the majesty and holiness of God requires that those
those who serve Him must also be holy. From
in the same way, the churches of our days also
they need a vision of God in their midst, as
the holy Lord and Judge of all. The recognition
of the necessity of your sanctifying work in our
life will infallibly follow such a vision. The
the result of such a view about us may be
similar to Isaiah's confession with
breaking, glorious purification and calling
powerful from the part of God, concerning his
will and call (vv. 5-8; Rev 1:13-17).
6.2 SERAPHIM. They are angelic beings of
higher order. Seraphim must be another name for the
living beings revealed in other parts of the
Scriptures (e.g., Rev 4:6-9). Its title (literally:
burning beings) can denote your purity, once
who serve God continually, around the
your throne. They reflect God's glory in such a way
that seem to be burning in flames.

6.3 HOLY, HOLY, HOLY IS THE LORD.

the main characteristic of God revealed to Isaiah is the
Your Holiness, which means your purity of character,
your separation from sin and your repulsion towards everything that
is evil. The absolute holiness of God must be
proclaimed in the churches, as it is in heaven
6.5 Woe is me! Isaiah, upon contemplating the holiness of
God immediately recognized his own
imperfection and impurity, especially regarding their
words (cf. James 3:1-6). He also recognized the
consequences of seeing God face to face (cf. Ex
33.20) and was astonished. God then purified the
your lips and your heart (cf. Lv 16.12; Jr 1.9) and the
made apt to remain in your presence as
servant and prophet of the Holy One of Israel. All those
Those who draw near to God need to receive forgiveness.
of your sins and the purification of your heart
by the Holy Spirit (cf. Hb 10.19-22), for only
God can make us pure as He Himself is.
require.
6.8 WHO SHALL I SEND? Only after being purified is
that Isaiah was appointed as a prophet. This passage makes us
remember the Great Commission of our Lord
resurrected, who commanded to proclaim the gospel of
salvation to the whole world (Mt 28:18-20). If that
order to take possession of our heart,
we must respond the same way as Isaiah:
here I am, send me
6.9 GO AND TELL THIS PEOPLE. God warned Isaiah
that the people would reject your message and continue
indifferent to the prophetic call to repentance.
Your preaching would even make their hearts ...
they will become even stronger against the Lord (vv.
9,10; cf. Mt 13.14,15; Mc 4.12; Lc 8.10). Even
thus, Isaiah would have to faithfully preach the message
unpopular of judgment (cf. Jer 1:8,19; Ez 2:3,4). There would be,
however, a limit to his thorny ministry.
The judgments to be inflicted through Sennacherib,
in 701 BC (vv. 11,12) would lead Jerusalem to faith and to
obedience (36.21,22; 37.1-7), and as a result,
Isaiah could have a new ministry during the
fifteen years granted by God to Hezekiah (38.5).
6.13 A SANTA SEMENTE. God comforted Isaiah to
to tell you that a small remnant of the people
would be preserved. A new Judah, which would be
Saint called, would arise, and through him, God
he would execute his plan of salvation for the world.
Similarly, under the new concert, God
will judge a church that is apostate and will raise up a
holy remnant that will remain faithful to Him and to the
your Word (see the study THE MESSAGE OF
CHRIST TO THE SEVEN CHURCHES).

Isaiah chapter 7Commentary by verses.

In the days of Ahaz. Around 735/734 B.C.

the kings of Israel and Syria attacked Judah. Isaiah
he told King Ahaz of Judah to trust in God
for the deliverance. Ahaz, however, refused the offer.
divine of a miraculous sign and, instead, sought
the help of Assyria (see 2 Kings 16:5-18; 2 Chronicles 28:16-21).
Still, the Lord gave a sign to the whole house
from David the birth of Emanuel (vv. 13-17). In this
occasion God made the invasion of Judah fail by
Syria and Israel, but later He sent the
Assyrians and Babylonians to devastate the land.
7.3 SEAR-JASUBE. The name of the oldest son of
Isaiah means a remnant will return. This
the name highlighted God's intention to preserve
a faithful remnant among the people to fulfill the
your plan of salvation (cf. 11.11,12,16; 37.4,31).
7.8 WITHIN SIXTY-FIVE YEARS.
Israel (also called Ephraim) was defeated in 722.
.C. by the Assyrians, who brought foreign settlers
to that land, for the purpose of mixed marriage with
the few Israelites left there; the racial mix
As a result of this, it gave rise to the Samaritans (see 2
Rs 17.24-34; cf. Jo 4.7-42.
7.12 ACAZ... SAID: I WILL NOT ASK HIM. The prophet
Isaiah advised Ahaz to trust in God for a
deliverance. Acaz rejected the advice and decided
trusted in your limited reasoning and sought help
from Assyria (see 2 Kings 16:5-18; 2 Chronicles 28:16-21).

A VIRGIN SHALL CONCEIVE... EMMANUEL.

Virgin (hb. almah). In the original language, the term can
to mean virgin or young woman of marrying age
The immediate application of this signal would be to a
marrying who was a virgin until the moment of her
marriage. Before your child is old enough
to distinguish between right and wrong, the kings of
Syria and Israel would be destroyed (v. 16). (2) The
the full fulfillment of this prophecy occurred when
Jesus Christ was born of the Virgin Mary (Mt 1:23).
Mary was a virgin and remained a virgin until the
occasion of the birth of Jesus (Mt 1.18,25). A
the conception of your Son occurred through a miracle
of the Holy Spirit, and not by the action of any man
(see Mt 1:16,23 notes; Lc 1:35 note). (3) The son of
the virgin should be called Emanuel, i.e., God
I know (Mt 1.23). This name has taken on a new and
deep meaning with the personal coming into the world,
of the only begotten Son of God (cf. John 3:16).
Isaiah chapter 8Commentary by verses.

The ruin of the kingdoms of Israel and Syria.

8.3 MAER-SALAL-HÁS-BAZ. The meaning of the name

the second son of Isaiah (cf. 7.3 note) is quick to
quick to seize, as we see
literally in verse 1. That name does not predict
only the destruction and fall of Syria, by Assyria
(732 BC), as well as the same fate, for
Israel (722 B.C.).
8.6 THE WATERS OF SILOAM. The waters of Siloam (the NT
as cited like the pool of Siloam, John 9:7). These waters
they came from a tranquil source that formed a
underground reservoir to supply Jerusalem
in times of siege by the enemy. These waters
they symbolized the graceful and calm kingdom of God
about Israel, through its real representatives
i.e., the pious Davidic kings. Given that Judah and
Jerusalem rejected God's gracious government,
they would have to endure, instead, the waters
destroyers of the Euphrates region, i.e., the powerful
flood of invading Assyrian soldiers
7-10).
8.8 O EMANUEL. In the midst of Isaiah's prophecy, the
Spirit announces a future hope. It doesn't matter.
whatever happens, the faithful of God did not need to have
fear not, for Emmanuel (God is with us, cf. v. 10)
It was the protection of all those who trusted in Him.
Emanuel is therefore the permanent guarantee of
people of God throughout past history,
present and future (Mt 1:23).
8.12 CONJURATION. Isaiah had sought
to persuade Judah to seek God instead of seeking
help abroad. He was accused of conspiracy and
betrayal. Similarly, in the course of history of
church, those who seek to maintain the church
distant from humanism and a Christianity
unbiblical and at the same time bring her back to
your power, holiness, and original mission,
they are often targets of persecution and repudiation.
The prophet should not fear anyone; he was urged.
to fear only the Lord of Hosts (vv.
12,13).
8.13 LET HIM BE YOUR FEAR. In times of
dangers and trials, it is only to God that
we must fear; it is only in Him that we must
trust to deliver us (cf. Mt 10.28). If we have Him
with due reverence and love, we will have your presence
I know Him, and He will be our refuge and protection.
14).
8.16 I AM THE LAW AMONG MY DISCIPLES. A
the great majority of God's people lived in apostasy,
but a remnant remained faithful disciples
who did the will of the Lord. These were
called to preserve the Word of God. In
at all times, the true disciples of
Lord, those in whose hearts is the Word,
they must fight for the unchanging truth of God (see
Jd v. 3) and transmit it to the next generation.
Isaiah chapter 9Commentary by verses.

The advent and the power of the Messiah.

9.1-7 WILL NOT BE DARKENED. Isaiah speaks of

a coming Liberator who would one day guide the people
from God to joy, to peace, to righteousness and justice. This
the person is the Messiah Jesus Christ, the Son of God.
This prophecy reveals several important truths.
about the coming Messiah. (1) Would minister
mainly in Galilee (v. 1; cf. Mt 4.13,14). (2)
He would bring the light of salvation and hope (v. 2; cf.
42.6; 49.6; Mt 4.15,16). (3) It would increase the number of
people of God, especially by the admission of the Gentiles
to the family of faith (v. 3; cf. Acts 15:13-18). (4) It would bring peace
for the deliverance of your people from the yoke of oppression, and
by the defeat of its enemies (vv. 4,5). (5) The
The Messiah would come from the nation of Israel and would be called
Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father
Eternity, Prince of Peace (see v. 6 note). (6)
Reign over the people of God forever (v. 7; cf.
2 Samuel 7:16
9.6 FOR A BOY HAS BEEN BORN TO US. Here
we have the prediction of the birth of the Messiah, Jesus
Christ (see also 7.14 note). His birth
it would occur at a specific time and place in history,
and this Messianic Son would be born in a unique way and
wonderful. Isaiah records the names that
they would characterize their mission as the Messiah. (1)
Wonderful. The Messiah himself would be a
supernatural wonder. The Hebrew word, here,
for wonderful is skin, which is used
exclusively about God, and never about
respect for human beings or human works
(cf. 28.29). The Messiah would demonstrate His character
through your works and miracles. (2) Counselor.
The Messiah would be the personification of the perfect.
wisdom and would have the words of eternal life. How
counselor, He would reveal the perfect plan of
salvation (cf. chap. 11). (3) Mighty God. In the Messiah,
all the fullness of deity would exist in form
bodily (Col 2:9; cf. John 1:1,14). (4) Father of
Eternity. He would not only come to reveal the
Heavenly Father, how He Himself would act.
eternally in favor of his people like a father
compassionate one who loves, who protects and who provides the
needs of your children (cf. Ps 103:13). (5)
Prince of Peace. The kingdom of the Messiah would bring peace.
with God to humanity, through the liberation of
sin and death (11.6-9; cf. Rom 5.1; 8.2).
9.7 OF THIS PRINCIPALITY AND OF PEACE, THERE WILL BE NO
END. In this prophetic declaration of establishment
of the kingdom of Christ, the distinction between does not appear.
its first and second coming. At the moment of
the history of humanity in which Isaiah prophesied, he
see all the redemptive work and also the kingdom of Christ
in perspective, as a single event in the future
distant. The OT does not clearly reveal in part
some that the kingdom of Christ on earth would encompass
a first and a second coming in history. From
similarly, in the NT there are intervals of time between the
events of the end times; they are not always present
clearly differentiated from each other (see Mt 24:42-44
notes).
9.8 10.4 A WORD TO JACOB. These verses
they declare the obstinate arrogance and unrepentance of
Israel, and the anger and divine judgment against that
people. Not even in their great anguish, the
the Israelites did not want to humble themselves and return to God,
with a contrite and broken heart.

Isaiah chapter 10Commentary by verses.

Prediction of the ruin of Assyria.

10.5 AI OF ASSYRIA. God had used the Assyrians

to punish his people who had strayed
impiety. Now, God would punish Assyria for its
pride and arrogance (vv. 8-14). Hence, Isaiah
prophesied the destruction of the Assyrians (vv. 16-19). This
specific prophecy was fulfilled when the angel of
The Lord killed 185,000 soldiers of the Assyrian army
who besieged Jerusalem (see chapter 37).

10.20 THE WASTES OF ISRAEL. Isaiah returns to

to guarantee the faithful believers that, after God judges
Israel, a faithful remnant that trusted in the Lord
would be preserved and restored; this remnant
would be the true Israel (cf. Rom 9:6-9). The plan
divine for the salvation of the world will always be
carried out by the remnant that truly believes
in the Word and obeys it, and not by those who
they merely profess that they believe (see 6.13 note;
8.16 note; Rom 4.16; 9.27; 11.5; Rev 3.4,5.
10.28-34 I AM COMING TO AIATE. Isaiah
predict the route of the Assyrian invaders in their advance
to sack Jerusalem. God Himself would bring them down
(cf. 37.33-38).

Isaiah chapter 11Commentary by verses.

The Kingdom of the Messiah is peaceful and prosperous.

11.1 And from its roots a shoot

It will bear fruit. Isaiah paints a glorious picture of
a new future world, governed by the Renovo (i.e.,
Jesus Christ). The Hebrew word netzer (Branch) is
probably the root from which the term Nazareth derived
Jesus was called Nazarene (Mt 2:23), which can
meaning either man from Nazareth or man of
It would sprout like a shoot from the root of
Jesse, i.e., the father of David (see 4.2 note; cf. 4.2-6;
7.14; 9.1-7; Rom 15.12) and would be a ruler of a
world of peace, justice, and kindness. The fulfillment
a partial fulfillment of this prophecy took place 700 years later,
when Jesus was born; but its full fulfillment
awaits the second coming of Christ (see note 9.7).
The spirit of will rest upon him
LORD. The Messiah would be powerfully anointed
by the Holy Spirit in order to fulfill the will of
Father is to bring full salvation to the nations (61.1; Mt
3.16,17; Jo 1.33,34). In order to carry out his plan
from salvation, the Messiah would also baptize and anoint
your followers in the Holy Spirit. This is a
fundamental requirement in the continuous work of redemption
that the church undertakes (see Mt 3:11 note; Lc 3:16
note; At 1.5).
11.2,3 THE SPIRIT. Isaiah mentions the Spirit
Holier than any other prophet of the Old Testament
(11.2; 30.1; 32.15; 34.16; 40.13; 42.1; 44.3; 48.16;
59.21; 61.1; 63.10,11,14). This prophetic description
the anointing of the Messiah is related to his character and
spiritual stature (see 61.1-3 note). The Messiah has
the fullness of the Spirit, and its glorious gifts
celestials are described as (1) the Spirit (v. 1); (2)
wisdom
(v. 2); (5) strength (v. 2); (6) knowledge (v. 2); and
(7) fear of the Lord. The fullness of gifts contained
this description has no precedent in the Scriptures.
These gifts under seven aspects speak of your
plenitude in the Messiah

11.4 WILL STRIKE THE EARTH. This verse refers to

the return of Christ to the earth for judgment and destruction of
all the wicked (cf. 2 Thess 1:6-10; 2:8; Rev 19). This
just judgment is necessary for the establishment of
your government is perfect and just.

11.5 JUSTICE... TRUTH. Justice and truth

they are essential elements of the kingdom of the Messiah. They are,
also, requirements for everyone who drives, in the church
of the Messiah. The messianic era will be characterized
due to the absence of enmity, cruelty, and hostility,
symbolized here by the peace among the animals. The
Messiah will bring peace to the earth and transform men
and nature as the ultimate fruit of redemption (cf.
35.9; 65.20-25; Ez 34.25-29).
11.10-16 ON THAT DAY. The final time of the kingdom
Messianic will be preceded by a regrouping.
of the Jews who accept Jesus Christ as the
Messiah. This restoration of the Jews will encompass the
the faithful remaining Jewish remnant that will remain
(vv. 11,12; cf. Dt 30.3-5; Jr 31.1,8,10; Ez 39.22,28);
the gathering of the Jews under the Messiah
(11.10,12; Jr 23.5-8; Ez 37.21-25); (3) the purification
total of Israel (Dt 30.3-6; Jr 32.37-41; Ez 11.17-20);
(4) the blessing and prosperity in the land
31.8,10,12,13,28; 32.37-41; Ezekiel 28.25,26; 39.25-29;
On 9.11-15); (5) the blessings for all peoples,
gentiles and Jews (v. 12; 55.3-5; 60.1-5; 10.14; Jr
16.15,19-21; Zechariah 2:10-12; Micah 4:1-4); (6) the judgment
of the wicked (vv. 14-16; Jer 25:29-33; Joel 3:1,2,12-14); and
the final restoration in the last days (Os 3.4,5; see
Rm 11.26 note; see the study

Isaías cap. 12 Commentary by verses.

God is praised for having restored his people.
On that day, the people of God will praise Him.
to establish the universal kingdom of the Messiah. Since
now we must pray for the return of our Lord and
for the establishment of your eternal kingdom of righteousness,
and wait for him with faith and hope. When he arrives
on that day, we will sing this song of praise.
Isaiah chapter 13Commentary by verses.

The ruin of Babylon and the deliverance of Israel.

13.1 23.18 PESO. These chapters describe judgments

filed against foreign nations and the apostate
Jerusalem. Isaiah begins with Babylon (13.1; 14.23)
and Assyria (14.24-27) and continues to prophesy against
smaller nations. These chapters teach that all
nations and peoples will give account to God; they will be
judged and destroyed all who oppose Him and
to your divine plan of salvation, and those who in Him
They will eventually succeed.

13.1 BABYLON. Isaiah prophesies that Babylon will be

destroyed just like Sodom and Gomorrah. Babylon
it was a center of pagan culture that opposed to
God and His ways since the beginning of
history of humanity (cf. Gen 11:1-9).
Ironically, it served as an instrument of divine wrath.
against Jerusalem, by carrying its people into captivity
inhabitants. In the times of the NT, Babylon symbolizes the
religious and political center of the world, in opposition to
God and His people (see Revelation 17:1 note). The ruins of
Babylon is located in the country now called Iraq.

13.4 WAR. The fulfillment of the prophecy of the fall

of Babylon had several stages. The first was the
attack on Babylon by the Assyrians in 689 BC.
when, then, Sennacherib captured the city.
Then, Babylon regained its ancient power, in
reign of Nebuchadnezzar, but was then captured
in 539 B.C. by Cyrus, from the Median-Persian empire (cf. v.
In 518 BC, the city was devastated again,
your walls were torn down and it became a ruin
total.
13.6-13 THE DAY OF THE LORD IS NEAR. A
the destruction of Babylon typifies the destruction of all
the enemies of God at the end of time, and the final judgment
what will come over all the earth during the period of
tribulation. Isaiah places both judgments in this
passage (cf. Ezekiel 32:7; Joel 2:10; 3:16; Haggai 2:6,7,21,22; Zechariah
14.6,7).
13.20 NEVER AGAIN [BABYLON] WILL BE
INHABITED. This verse highlights that no
monument to the glory and achievements of humanity
will endure forever. One day, all the works
produced by man's effort will perish (cf. Mt
6.19), while the glory of God will fill the
earth

Isaiah chapter 14- Commentary by verses.

Prophecy against the Assyrians and Philistines

14.4-21 THIS IS SAID AGAINST THE KING OF BABYLON-

LÔNIA. This prophetic and ironic hymn should be
sung by those who witnessed the fall of the king of
Babylon. The king would be defeated and you shall be brought to the
inferno, to the deep abyss (v. 15). These
verses apply, ultimately, to everyone
governors and people who challenge God and
hostility to your kingdom.

14.12-15 MORNING STAR. Certain exegetes

they believe that these verses refer not only to
to the king of Babylon, but also, in a way
veiled, to Satan (cf. Christ's statement in Luke
10.18). Others think that perhaps the passage is
mention the Antichrist of the end times, who will reign
about Babylon (see Rev 17:1-3 notes) opposing
God and His people (cf. Rev 13:4).
14.25-27 I WILL BREAK THE ASSYRIAN.
the prophecy concerns the immediate threat to Judah from the
part of Assyria; God would crush the Assyrian army
Isaiah 14.29 The Philistia.
prophecies the defeat of Philistia in Palestine (v. 30).
Judah should not have accepted the offer of an alliance,
brought by the messengers of the Philistines; instead,
I should trust in the Lord (v. 32).

Isaiah chapter 15Commentary by verses.

Prediction of the ruin of Moab

15.1 MOABE. Located immediately to the east of

dead sea, Moab has always been an enemy of Israel (cf.
25.10; 2Rs 3.4,5; 13.20; Ez 25.8-11). Just like the
besides hostile nations, Moab would also be
destroyed.
15.5 MY HEART CRIES BECAUSE OF
MOABE. Seeing the terrible suffering of this enemy.
of the people of God, Isaiah cried out in compassion for the
Moabite victims (cf. 21.2-4; 22.4). In this way
similar, we must feel compassion and pity for
those who destroy themselves by living in sin and
proceeding badly (see Lk 19:41 note).

Isaiah chapter 16- Comment by verses.

16.1-5 TO THE MOUNTAIN... OF ZION. It was said to the

fugitives from Moab who took refuge in Judah and if
they submitted to the king of Jerusalem.

16.4,5 THE VIOLENT MAN WILL HAVE AN END. To

to contemplate the future, Isaiah contemplated the kingdom
messianic and the end of all oppression.
16.6-13 ABOUT THE PRIDE OF MOAB. Although
cease one day the war and destruction (see note
formerly), the Moabites in the days of Isaiah would be
punished because of your pride and your
refusal to recognize God and His justice.
16.10 AS GRAPES IN THE PLACES. In this passage,
the fresh and unfermented juice of the grape, still in
lagar is called yayin (wine) in Hebrew, so
as in other texts of the OT. The equivalent of yayin,
In the Greek of the New Testament, it is oinos.

Isaiah chapter 17Commentary by verses.

Prophecy against Damascus and Ephraim.

17.1-6 DAMASCUS WILL BE TAKEN. Damascus, a

capital of Syria (v. 3), would be devastated. Ephraim (i.e.,
Israel or the Northern Kingdom) would also suffer from
due to your alliance with Damascus against Assyria.
17.7 WILL TEMPT MAN FOR HIS
CREATOR. The divine judgments upon Israel
they would lead a remnant to stray from idolatry
and return to the Lord God, your Creator.
They would realize how useless their idols were in
times of hardship and war.
17.10 YOU FORGOT THE GOD OF YOUR
SALVATION. Forgetting God is not a sin.
exclusive to Israel. Jesus warns that the cares
of this world, the deceits of riches and the
the pleasures of sin can suffocate the Word of
God in the life of the believer (cf. Mark 4:3-9, 14-20) and lead him
forgetting about Him, stopping daily prayer, and
no longer delight in Him and in His Word. When
that's how it happens, the believer loses the blessing and the
presence of God.

Isaiah chapter 18Commentary by verses.

The destruction of the Assyrians is announced to Ethiopia.

18.1 ETHIOPIA. Ethiopia (or Cush) was located to the south of

Egypt. Its king, in those times, ruled over all
Egypt. Apparently, it had sent messengers.
to Israel for the purposes of an alliance against Assyria (v.
2). God himself would defeat the Assyrian enemy, in
time determined by Him (vv. 3-6). After the
defeat of the Assyrians, Cush would bring gifts to
Jerusalem (v. 7).

Isaiah chapter 19Commentary by verses.

Prophecy against Egypt

19.1-15 EGYPT. Isaiah predicts a divine judgment on
live about Egypt. Therefore, it would not be of any
benefit for Judah to ally with Egypt against the
Assyrian invaders.
19.16-25 AT THAT TIME. Isaiah speaks four
prophecies to be fulfilled at that time. (1) The
Egyptians would fear Judah upon realizing that the
their punishment came from God (vv. 16,17). (2) Then
of suffering, cities of Egypt would worship at the
Lord and they would build altars (vv. 18,19). (3) The
Egyptians called upon God, who would send them a
Savior, and many would turn to the Lord (vv.
20-22). (4) Egypt, Assyria, and Israel would all worship
together, to the Lord (vv. 23-25). Although that time
is not clearly identified here, others
biblical passages suggest that this passage alludes to
to the end time events, associated with the period
from the tribulation (cf. Rev 4-19) and to the millennial kingdom of
Christ (cf. Rev 20).
19.25 THE LORD OF HOSTS WILL BLESS THEM
CEARA... EGYPT... ASSYRIA... ISRAEL. This
the prediction will have its full fulfillment at the end of the
times when, then, all the nations of the earth
will be blessed (Gn 12.3) during the just kingdom of
Messiah, Jesus Christ (cf. 2.2-4; 11.1-10). One day, the
God of Israel will be the God of the Arabs, the Jews and
of all other peoples and nations.

Isaiah chapter 20Commentary by verses.

Symbolic prophecy of the captivity of the Egyptians and

two Ethiopians

20.1 ASDODE. The attack against this city of

the Philistines probably occurred in 711 BC.
20.2 INDO US NOT BAREFOOT. Isaiah was supposed to appear
in public, without your outer garments for three
years, like a living parable or sign of that which
it will happen to Egypt and Cush, when Assyria them
it was held captive. The message had the purpose
to warn Judah not to trust in alliance with the
Egypt, and urge him to depend on his God. It is
It is possible that Isaiah walked in such a humiliating way.
just at one part of each day. See also 2 Samuel.
6.20 note; Jo 21.7.
20.3 ISAIAH... SIGN AND PRODIGY. Isaiah obeyed
to God, although this would cost him shame and
constraint for three years. If the believer
obey God and avoid correctly the
sinful costumes, he may also sometimes
to suffer affront, constraint, and humiliation.
Uprightness on one side, and persecution on the other,
they constantly walk together (see Mt 5:10 note).

Isaiah chapter 21Commentary by verses.

Prediction of the fall of Babylon

21.1-10 OF THE DESERT OF THE SEA. God gives to Isaiah
a second view of the fall and destruction of
Babylon, which was located immediately north of
Persian Gulf (see chap. 13 notes).
21.2 ELÃO. Elão was located to the east of the river
Tiger and Babylon, having Media and Assyria at
to the north and, to the south, the Persian Gulf. The Elamites were
allied with the Medo-Persian army when Babylon was
conquered in 539 BC. The Elamite city of Susa
became an important capital of the Persian empire.
21.9 FALL IS BABYLON. Babylon, the enemy of
people of God, was going to fall, and your trust in the false
gods will be unsuccessful. This fall occurred
first in 689 BC, when Sennacherib
destroyed his idols (except for Bel and Nebo, see chap.
The apostle John heard identical words in the
his visions (Rev 14:8; 18:1,2), prophesying that the
Babylon of the end times, a symbol of all that
opposed to Christ and His people in this world, would be
destroyed. During this time, Christ will complete the
restoration of your people.
21.11 DUMÁ. Dumá is another name for Edom, the
land of the descendants of Esau. Edom was located
immediately south of Judah and the Dead Sea (see
also 34.5-15).
21.13 ARABIA. The Arabia of biblical times
it was located between Edom and Babylon. It would suffer
war and defeat at the hands of the invaders, prophecy
this was fulfilled when the Assyrians attacked the
Arabs in 732 and 725 B.C. (cf. Jer 25:17,24);
Sennacherib also conquered Arabia in 688.
a.C. took the title of King of Arabia.

Isaiah chapter 22Commentary by verses.

Prophetic picture of the siege of Jerusalem

22.1 THE VALLEY OF VISION. This name refers to

Jerusalem or to the valley next to Jerusalem, where God
revealed Himself in prophetic visions. Here, God
rebukes the inhabitants of Jerusalem for their
lighthearted attitude in the face of serious danger and apostasy
(vv.1-14).
22.4 I WILL CRY BITTERLY. Isaiah, a
faithful prophet, was deeply troubled by the tragedy
of your fallen and apostate people. The people of God
was being destroyed, and Isaiah felt pain for
because of them, and of God, who had been abandoned.
While others surrendered to pleasures and
orgies (vv. 12,13), the prophet shared in the sorrow
from God (see the next note).
22.12,13 THE LORD... WILL INVITE YOU... TO THE
CHORO. When the people of God adapt to
way of living in the world and separates oneself from the
obedience to the straight paths of God, He them
calls for repentance, for the confession of your
spiritual poverty, and the search for its face. The will
It is from Christ that each church examines its state.
spiritual in the light of the NT and its patterns (cf. Rev 2:3).
Like Isaiah, today's prophets must
to call the people of God to repentance, to
humiliation, to tears,
to prayer and fasting, and not to superficiality.
22.15-25 SEBNA. God pronounces judgment against a
corrupt government official named Sebna, who
would be replaced by Eliaquim, a pious chief (cf.
v. 20)

Isaiah chapter 23Commentary by verses.

The ruin and restoration of Tyre

23.1 TYRE. Tyre was a Phoenician center of trade

worldwide, located on the eastern coastline of the sea
Mediterranean, just north of Palestine. Your
citizens were rich, but also full of
iniquity and pride. Isaiah prophesied that God
she would besiege that city for seventy years, and
then it will be restored for some time (vv. 8, 9, 17, 18).
The people of God would then return to trade.
with Shot.
23.13 THE LAND OF THE CHALDEANS. The land of
Chaldea was the region of which Babylon was the capital.
Nebuchadnezzar, one of his kings, invaded Tyre in
572 BC, approximately one hundred years after
Isaiah has stated this prophecy.
23.17 PROSTITUTE. Tiro would prostitute himself with the
nations through sinful practices and
dishonest in their trade, along with things
immoral, to obtain wealth from other nations.

Isaiah chapter 24Commentary by verses.

Prediction of the punishment of the Israelites and their goodness
effect. The promise of deliverance and the ruin of
your enemies. Song of praise for the
mercy of God.
24.1 27.13 THIS IS WHAT THE LORD... These chapters
they deal with the events of the end times, in
apocalyptic language; the type of language used
in the book of Revelation. They speak of divine judgment upon the
world, because of your sins, and also of the
blessings that God has prepared for His own.
24.1 THE LORD EMPTIES THE EARTH. This chapter
describes the coming divine judgment against the earth
whole and its inhabitants. He will devastate
completely the majority of the land and its
inhabitants. This period of worldwide destruction is
called the great tribulation in the NT (cf. Mt 24:15-21;
1 Thessalonians 5:1-3; Revelation 6:8, 9; 15, 16; 18, 19). After this
judgment on a global scale, Christ will return to reign
about the just of the earth (Rev 19 20)

24.5 THE EARTH IS CONTAMINATED. The wrath of

God will come against the world because the human race
contaminated the earth with sin, immorality and
iniquity. In the present time, sin prevails,
But in the final times, God orders a calamity.
terrifying and inevitable about those who
they buy into injustice (see 1 Thes 5:2 note; 2 Thes 2:12
note).
24.6 WILL THE RESIDENTS BE BURNED
TERRA. The wages of sin is death and the
destruction (cf. Rom 6:23). The demonstration of this
truth on an international scale will occur in
end times, when, then, all those who do not
they will not repent nor turn back to God, they will be
destroyed. The devastation will be something like a
fire that burns and devours everything (cf. 1.31; 5.24;
9.18; 10.16,17; 29.6; 30.27; Zc 5.3,4; Ap 19.11-21.
24.14 THEY WILL LIFT UP THEIR VOICE AND
They will sing. The saints and faithful to God will rejoice.
they will glorify him when they see the destruction of
corrupt present system of government in general.
They will delight in the defeat of sin and evil (see
Revelation 18:20, where the angels and believers are commanded
to rejoice in the just judgment of God against the
the domain of Satan and the iniquity of the human race.

24.16 AI OF ME! In contrast to the joy for

future victory against evil, Isaiah is distressed because of
of all the sin and falsehood around you.
24.17 THE FEAR, AND THE PIT... ABOUT YOU. Jesus
taught that the only way for the believer to avoid all
these things that are to happen (Luke 21:36) is
avoid sin in your life and persevere in prayer,
seeking the grace of God (see Luke 21:34,36
notes).
24.21 WILL VISIT THE HIGH ARMIES IN
HEIGHT. These are satanic powers and authorities.
evil spiritual beings that oppose God (see Eph
6.11,12; Rev 20.1-3; see Rev 12.7-9 note). At the end of
history, they will be imprisoned (see Ap
20.1-3), judged and punished (Rev 20.11-15,20).
24.23 WHEN THE LORD OF HOSTS
REIGN. After all powers have been surpassed
malign, the kingdom of God will come to earth and the Lord
will reign in her (cf. Rev 20:1-4; 21:1-9). Only then is
that God will receive the honor and glory that are due to Him
due.

Isaiah 25Commentary on verses.

I WILL PRAISE YOUR NAME. Isaiah praises to
Lord for the defeat of all the power of evil that is
opposes your just purpose and your kingdom and for the
your acts as liberator and comforter of your people.
25.6 ON THIS MOUNTAIN. Isaiah prophesies about the
the future kingdom and the deliverance that will come after the return
from Christ to the earth (vv. 6-12; cf. Rev 19-21). This mountain
refers to Mount Zion, or Jerusalem (cf. 2.1-4;
24.23; Rev 21.1,2); the expression all peoples
reveals the success of the proclamation of the gospel in
whole world.
25.6 FAT ANIMALS... PURE WINES. THE
holy banquet to take place in the kingdom of God
represent the wonderful blessings that the saved
they will enjoy in his presence. Pure (hb. shemarim),
originally, it meant preserved or
preserved. Hence, a party with pure wines can
being literally a party with preserves,
probably in reference to grape juice
preserved and kept for a long time. Note Jr
48.11,12, where God compares Moab to wine.
left in the dregs and, therefore, retained its flavor,
and its scent has not changed. This means that the
God's blessings, reserved for centuries for
your saints remain unchanged, according to the
original purpose of God.
25.8 WILL ANNIHILATE DEATH FOREVER AND...
He will wipe away... the tears. In the future kingdom of
God, all the sadness, misfortune, and death that so much
the unhappy ones from the earth will be removed, and never again
they will reappear (see the expression of this truth in the NT,
in 1 Cor 15:54; Rev 21:4). As a loving father,
God will wipe away every tear from His children and never
but there will be reason for tears and sadness. These
glorious blessings will only occur when Christ
here back

Isaiah chapter 26Commentary by verses.

26.1-21 THIS CANTICLE. Convicted that God

will fulfill their redemptive purpose, the saints
they break in with praise and prayer. Their song says
respecting the complete annihilation by God, of all the
bad, and to the establishment of his kingdom.

26.3 IN PEACE IS HE WHOSE MIND IS STEADFAST

IN YOU. As the difficult days arise and
tenses of the end of the story, God will preserve in
perfect peace the remnant that remains
unwavering and faithful to his Lord. In times of
affliction, we must always keep our mind fixed
no Lord, in prayer, with trust and hope.
We must place our trust in Him, because He is
an eternal rock (v. 4).
26.8,9 LORD, WE WAIT FOR YOU. In the last
days of history, the righteous will wait with longing for the
come of your Lord. (1) Isaiah describes, here, this
I long for the manifestation of God's presence and the
your justice on earth. (2) Those saved in Christ must
to pray diligently for the return of the Lord in order to
take them from the earth and carry them with Him to
always.
26.16-19 THEY POURED OUT THEIR PRAYER. Isaiah
remembers the occasions when God rebuked
Israel, and those who remained faithful, sought the
God in contrite prayer. These faithful have died, but
they will rise from the dead and live again in
new land.
26.19 YOUR DEAD WILL RISE AGAIN. This
it is one of the most significant statements from the AT about
the resurrection of the body (cf. Job 19:26; Psalm 16:10; Daniel
12.2). Those who are faithful servants of God (vv.
2,3) they will rise from the earth and will live again (see
John 5:28,29; 1 Corinthians 15:50-53; Philippians 3:21.
26.20,21 ENTER INTO YOUR ROOMS. During the
great tribulation, when God punishes the
inhabitants of the earth (cf. Mic 1:3), those who
the faithful will remain hidden, waiting
not Lord in prayer, until He fulfills yours
purposes and the final redemption came.

Isaiah chapter 27Commentary by verses.

27.1 THE LEVIATHAN, THE SERPENT. This language

figuratively symbolizes evil and the sinful world in
rebellion against God. At the end of times, all the
those who oppose God will be destroyed (see Rev)
19.11,12 notes).
27.2-6 A VINEYARD. This prophetic song emphasizes
the will of God to make Israel a vineyard
fruit-bearing. In the millennial era, Israel will influence the land.
whole to seek God and live in righteousness (v. 6).
27.12,13 HARVESTED SERIES. In the end times,
a Jewish remnant will accept Christ as their
Messiah will flow to Jerusalem to worship
Lord (cf. 11.11-16; see Mt 23.39 note; Rm 11.1,26)
notes; Ap 12.6 note).

Isaiah chapter 28Commentary by verses.

The announcement of the punishment of Ephraim and Judah for
cause of your unrepentance
28.1-29 EPHRAIM. In chapters 28-33, Isaiah returns to
prophesy about Israel (called Ephraim) and
Judah. Denounces its sin and apostasy and reveals the
forthcoming divine judgment. Even so, the judgment will not be
severe beyond what is necessary, to purify the people
chosen by God and to raise a remnant
saint.
28.7 ERRORS DUE TO WINE. Isaiah
describe the inequity of Israel in terms of
reprehensible and shameful conduct of the Israelites,
as a result of the use of strong drink (cf. Am 4.1;
Both the people and the religious leaders
they had exchanged truth and justice for filth
and confusion.

28.11 ANOTHER LANGUAGE. If the Israelites

if they refused to listen to Isaiah, God would force them to listen
through the military power of a power
foreigners, e.g., the Assyrians, who spoke a
language that the Israelites did not understand.

28.15 CONCERT WITH DEATH The people were

choosing your own ruin by worshiping false ones
gods (cf. 8.19). They felt secure in making a pact
with these demonic powers (see study A
IDOLATRY AND ITS EVILS). They believe that such
powers would guard you from evil, when in reality,
they were holding a concert with death
28.16 I placed a stone in Zion. The stone is
the Lord Himself (cf. 8.14; 17.10; Gn 49.24); faith
exclusively in Him grants hope of
salvation. The NT shows that the final fulfillment
This verse is found in Jesus Christ (Rom 9:33; 1
Col 3:11; Eph 2:20; 1 Pet 2:4-6). God is building,
about Christ as the foundation, a new people that
must maintain a commitment to righteousness and the
justice (v. 17; cf. Ps 118:22).

Isaiah chapter 29Commentary by verses.

Prophecy against unfaithful Judah. Promise of

deliverance
29.1-4 AI OF ARIEL. Ariel (which means lion of)
God is a symbolic name for Jerusalem.
inhabitants of Jerusalem felt safe and
they continued to hold their religious celebrations as
as usual. However, God was going to bring upon them a
devastating judgment because of your sins.
When the people of God do not recognize their
spiritual indigence and the need to seek it
with regret and prayer, He, at last, them
will remove from the place they occupy in their kingdom (see Ap
2.5 notes).
29.5-8 YOUR ENEMIES. A terrible judgment was going to
fall upon Jerusalem, but it would not destroy it
totally. God would deliver His people and destroy the
enemies of Jerusalem. Isaiah's description here,
probably refers to the deliverance of the
inhabitants of Jerusalem, during its invasion
by the Assyrians, under Sennacherib (see 10.5-19).
Unfortunately, not even that divine miracle moved that one.
people to a deep remorse and obedience of
heart. That is why, a much worse judgment came later.
afternoon,
during the invasions of the Babylonians (605, 597 and 586
a.C.).
29.13 YOUR HEART TURNS AWAY TO
FAR FROM ME. The people of God prayed before Him,
loved, sang and praised, but their hearts did not.
They were not in God, nor did they obey His Word.
They acted as if the revelation of God and His standards
if holiness were not mandatory. Instead of
they delighted in God and in His Word, they carried the
your time in formalities and religious traditions
taught by their leaders. They lived
selfishly and in a false security (cf. Jer 4:3,4;
24.7; 31.31-34). In identical condition of danger
destroyer, there are certain churches today. The people exalt and
praise God with the lips, but does not have Him
minimum of love, not even to your holy teachings.
After the service ends, they return to the pleasures of sin and
of the world, for the satisfaction of the flesh (see Mark 7:6,8)
(notes). The result of this is blindness and deception.
spiritual (v. 14).
29.17-24 FERTILE FIELD. In the prophecies of Isaiah,
that deal with divine punishment over Israel, there is always
a message of hope because, in general, they say
of the restoration of this people. These verses speak
the last days of this era, when the humble and
those lacking in Israel will turn to God (vv. 18,19),
while the unrepentant will be destroyed (vv.
The complete restoration of Israel will occur shortly
before the return of Christ to the earth, to reign here (see
Rm 11.26 note; Ap 12.6 note; see the study ISRAEL
IN THE DIVINE PLAN FOR SALVATION). The sight
the blindness of the blind and the hearing of the deaf were blessings of
the first coming of Christ for his people, while
that your full restoration will occur in your second
blessing.

Isaiah chapter 30Commentary by verses.

30.1-5 THEY WILL TAKE COUNSEL, BUT NOT FROM ME.

Judah made an alliance with Egypt to protect itself.
from Assyria (cf. 2 Kings 18:21), and thus rejected the
counsel of God; refused to believe in His
promises, and abandoned his laws of holy living.
He despised the Lord and preferred capability
human, to the power of the Spirit (see Zechariah 4:6 note).

30.6,7 TO THE SOUTH. The south (hb. Negev) was the area
accident-prone and dangerous southern Palestine, full
of wild animals. The caravans of Judah had
to pass through this region in order to take them to
Egypt, its goods and riches as tribute.
Isaiah prophesies that these journeys to Egypt will not benefit them
would be of no use; the Egyptians were
unable to help them.
30.10 TOLD US PLEASANT THINGS. The
Israelites could not bear to hear prophetic words
that condemned their sinful way of life.
They were tired of hearing about God and life
Santa what He requires. They wanted to hear messages
promising, pleasant, and mild. (2) Paulo
declares that in recent days, a similar condition
spiritual will prevail among certain groups in
churches. They reject the messengers of God who
proclaim the truth and instead, seek
leaders
who preach what they wish to hear. They will insist on
pleasant and flattering messages, that do not
they condemn sin and worldliness, before, only
they talk about the safety of these believers and about love
God, no matter what they do (see 2 Timothy 4:3,4
note).
30.15 AND YOU WILL TURN... IT WOULD BE THE
YOUR SALVATION. Judah could only save himself if
their rulers and the people sought God and
they did not trust. Because they did not want to do so, they were going
to be defeated and abandoned like a mast in a
mount; i.e., a perfect example of the consequences
to abandon God (v.17).
30.18-26 TO HAVE MERCY. The Lord
want to be merciful to your people and bless
all who long for your presence (see Ps
42.2 note). He will pour out these blessings (vv. 18-26)
about the faithful remnant, restoring it to a
privileged position next to the Messiah.
30.25 ON THE DAY OF THE GREAT SLAUGHTER. The
remote fulfillment of this prophecy may be the
Armageddon battle, when the wicked in their
rebellion against God, they will be destroyed by Him.
Ap 16.16 note; 19.17 note.
30.27-33 BURNING IN HIS ANGER. This prophecy
deals with the destruction of the Assyrian army (v. 31; cf.
37.36).

Isaiah chapter 31Commentary by verses.

31.1 AI OF THE... Isaiah pronounces a woe against the

wrongdoers (v. 2), who trusted more in the horses and
cars of Egypt than in the Lord (cf. Dt 17:16). The
current believers should avoid committing this sin of
Judah. We must have faith in God, respect His
commandments and seek His grace and help every day
in all our needs (cf. Heb 4:16).
31.4-9 THE LORD... TO FIGHT FOR
MONTE SIÃO. God will come like a lion, will fight
against the Assyrians as a champion warrior and
he will defend Jerusalem (cf. Ps 37:36). Therefore, Isaiah
he urged the Israelites to throw away their idols and to
they will return to God with faith.

Isaías cap. 32 - Commentary by verses.

32.1-8 A KING WILL REIGN WITH JUSTICE. In this
prophecy we have a prediction of the world kingdom of
Christ (cf. 9.7; 11.4; 16.5), characterized by justice
and for its people, who will live in accordance with the
Word of God.
32.9-14 WOMEN WHO ARE IN REST.
Many Israelites felt at ease living in
sin, despite the destruction caused by it, to the
families and the nation. Isaiah told them that, in the presence
from this picture, they should beat their chests
v. 12
11), and to be disturbed (v. 11) and at the same time to cry out to
God until He poured out the Spirit upon them
from above (v. 15). Today, when sin, Satan, and
the world infiltrates the church,
we must anguish and cry out to God so that
He restores the holiness and fullness of the Spirit in
your house (vv. 15,16; cf. chapter 35).

32.15-20 UNTIL IT IS POURED OUT ON US

SPIRIT. Isaiah returns to the theme of the just reign of
King (see vv. 1-8 note). (1) The justice and the blessings of
kingdom will come through the outpouring of the Spirit over the
people of the kingdom, as well as its operation in its
hearts (cf. 44.3). (2) In the present time, the
blessings of redemption are granted to us through
the Spirit poured out upon the believers (cf. Joel 2:28-32;
At 1.8 and 2.4 notes). This spill is still
partial; the believer waits and prays for fullness
of redemption and full outpouring of the Spirit
Saint at the end of the story.

Isaiah chapter 33Commentary by verses.

The enemies of the people of God will be destroyed.

Jerusalem will be restored to its glory and
happiness
33.1 AI OF THE STRIPPER. The immediate application
this verse concerns the Assyrians; the application
remotely relates to the Antichrist and to Satan himself
(see Rev 19:20; 20:10).
33.2-9 LORD, HAVE MERCY ON US!
This is the prayer of the faithful remnant, asking
deliverance from the hands of the enemy.

33.14-16 WHO... WILL DWELL WITH THE FIRE

CONSUMER? Isaiah describes those among the
people of God who will endure the fire of his
judgment. Note that it will only be those who
live a pious life, the result of a righteous heart
before God. Such a person: (1) conforms to the
the dictates of the law of God; (2) speak with sincerity,
without mistakes; (3) refuses to make money in a way
unfair; (4) refuses to commit criminal violence; and
(5) refuses to look with pleasure at inequity or,
to rejoice in the bad actions of others.

33.17-24 THE KING. This is probably a prophecy,

regarding the future kingdom of God on earth. It is
it is evident that the reigning monarch will be the Messiah
Jesus Christ.

Isaiah chapter 34Commentary by verses.

34.2-7 ALL THE NATIONS... HE DESTROYED THEM

TOTALLY. These verses depict the judgment.
terrible that will fall upon all nations at the end of
times. They emphasize God's wrath against all the
sin and rebellion (see Rev 16:16 note; 19:17 note);
this judgment will encompass disturbances in the heavens (v. 4;
cf. Mt 24.29; Ap 6.13,14) and is linked to the return of
Christ to establish his kingdom on earth (Rev 19;
20). In the current era, nations can ridicule and
reject the ways of God, but, at a time
future, which only God knows, great
tribulation and judgment will make the nations tremble.

34.8-17 YEAR OF RETURNS. Although the

the context is one of a future destruction of Edom,
enemy of God and His people (cf. 2 Sam 8:13,14; Ps
137.7; Lm 4.21), Isaiah prophesies a coming judgment
about all the wicked, i.e., all those who are
enemy of God and His Word.

Isaiah chapter 35Commentary by verses.

The greatness and glory of the Kingdom of the Messiah

35.1 THE DESERT WILL EXULT. While the chapter

previously dealt with divine judgment upon the wicked, this one
chapter predicts a day of divine redemption, when the
the earth will be filled with righteousness and will manifest the glory of
God, with great joy from His people. This
the chapter has various applications, starting from the first
the coming of Jesus Christ, culminating with his
second coming (see Rev 19:22).
35.4 YOUR GOD WILL COME WITH VENGEANCE. God
will come one day to repay the world for its
iniquity and to reward the righteous with their
great salvation (cf. 2 Thessalonians 1:6-10). In this time, the
the redeemed will be completely free from sin and
all of its consequences.
35.5,6 THE EYES OF THE BLIND WILL BE
OPEN. Jesus Christ refers to these verses
as evidence of his messiahship (Mt 11.4,5; Lc
7.22). When the church of Jesus Christ really
has the power of the Holy Spirit to perform the
works... greater (John 14:12), the signs and wonders
The Is 35 will happen again, as during the period
from the book of Acts.

35.8-10 THE HOLY WAY. Whenever the

The Spirit is poured out from on high upon the people (32.15),
a powerful revelation of glory emerges and
majesty of God (v. 2); then, the path of
holiness becomes clear. All the redeemed
they then walk in complete holiness
(v.10).

Isaiah Chapter 36Commentary by verses.

Sennacherib near Jerusalem. The prayer of

Hezekiah. The army of the Assyrians is destroyed
36.1 KING HEZEKIAH. In chapters 36 to 39 (which
forming a parallel with 2 Kings 18:20), Isaiah passes
from the prophecy to the story of King Hezekiah. Hezekiah
it was a pious king of Judah, who trusted in the Lord
and he served (see 2 Kings 18:5 note). The fourteenth year
during your reign was 701 B.C., at which time
Sennacherib, king of Assyria, invaded Judah with the
attempt to take Jerusalem.
36.4-10 And Rabshakeh said to them. The commander
of the army of Sennacherib sought to destroy the
the trust that the people had in the Lord, by
intimidation, lies, and the argument that the
God of Judah was not strong enough to save the
yours (cf. 2 Kings 19:6-13).

The Lord delivered Jerusalem from

MY HANDS? Rabsaqué suggested, in a tone of
mockery, that the God of Judah was not enough
powerful to deliver Jerusalem from the Assyrian army.
It was understood that for this it was necessary a
miracle, and that at that moment they should not
wait for this. Satan still employs tactics
similar against the children of God; he tells them
that when they are in great need, they do not
should neither expect nor seek a miracle from
God. It should be noted, however, that God operated a
miracle in favor of Judah, and defeated Rabshakeh and the
your army (37.36-38).

Isaiah chapter 37Commentary by verses.

37.1 HEZEKIAH... ENTERED THE HOUSE OF

LORD. The intimidation and the accusations of
Rabsaqué did not deserve an answer (36.21), but
they deserved a sincere intercession. Hezekiah, a
man of God, sought God in humble prayer
and contrite, and sought to know his word
through the mouth of Isaiah, the prophet (v. 2; see 2 Kings
In times of distress, the best thing
What we can do is seek the face of the Lord God
and I ask that He speaks to us through His written Word or
prophetic.
37.7 THIS IS WHERE I WILL PUT A SPIRIT IN IT.
the content of this verse refers to a voice
interior, sent by God to influence behavior
and the thoughts of the person. As for the prediction to
the respect for the king of Assyria to fall dead by the sword, see
verse_37
37.10 O YOUR GOD. Sennacherib sought, to
all the ways, to destroy the trust that
Hezekiah had in the Lord. The Assyrian king, in his
arrogance, believed that his power as king
surpassed that of the God of Judah or that of any
another god.
37.14-20 E OF HEZEKIAH. See 2 Kings 19:15 note.
37.20 SO THAT ALL THE KINGDOMS OF THE EARTH
KNOW THAT YOU ALONE ARE THE LORD. See 2 Kings
19.19.
37.36 THE ANGEL OF THE LORD. This destruction of
the Assyrian army was predicted in 10.3-34; 30.31; 31.8
(ver 2 Rs 19:35, note on this deliverance)
miraculous of the people of God.

Isaiah chapter 38Commentary by verses.

Hezekiah's illness and its wonderful cure

38.1 YOU SHALL DIE. Through Isaiah, God
he predicted that Hezekiah would die as an inevitability
physical consequence of your illness. A good part
the prophecies, however, are conditional (e.g., see Jr
In the acts of God there is no deception (Hb
6.18), but He can change His plans like
result of our way of complying with yours
message. God's message to Hezekiah was
a direct and unequivocal statement that expressed
a possibility. But, why Hezekiah
he/she responded with sincere prayer and with confidence
in the power of God, to heal your illness
physics, He answered your prayer out of mercy and
added fifteen years to his life.
38.5 I HEARD YOUR PRAYER. God's statement
in the sense of Hezekiah preparing for death, and
the prayer that he made to God, (v. 2) offers
important suggestions in our relationship
with Him. (1) Not all the things that God declares
regarding the future is definitively
irrevocable (cf. Jn 3:1-10). When the believer is
hit by some tragedy, you can be sure
full of the fact that God cares about what you
it happens. He is compassionate and sensitive to what we
it happens. (2) The prayers of the believer have an effect
about God, about His purposes, and in fulfillment
of your sovereign plan. What happens, then, in
our life or in the life of the church is determined by both
through God's plan as well as through our prayers.
We must always maintain the biblical conviction that
prayer really changes things (vv. 4-7; cf. 1
Rs 21.29; Ez 33.13-16; Tg 5.14,15)
38.8 THUS, THE SUN RETREATED TEN DEGREES. Do not
knows exactly how the shadow retreated ten degrees
in the sundial; what is clear is that this way
it happened, through the powerful word of God
as a prophetic sign to Hezekiah, that God
He will hear your prayer and see your tears, and from
that He would heal him.

Isaiah Chapter 39Commentary by verses.

The ambassadors of Babylon sent to

Jerusalem. The pride of Hezekiah
39.1 KING OF BABYLON. At this time, Babylon
was trying to free itself from the domination of Assyria.
Therefore, this visit of the king of Babylon to Jerusalem
it was clearly an attempt to obtain an alliance
politics with Judah. Hezekiah, by his attitude towards
of the gift sent and of the praises from the delegation,
demonstrated foolish presumption and lack of faith in God.
Isaiah later told him that the Babylonians would one day
they will destroy Jerusalem (v. 6). We must remember
of everything we trust, when
we should trust in God, one day it will turn against
us and will reach us.
39.6 WILL BE TAKEN TO BABYLON. When
the Babylonians would conquer Jerusalem, they would take the
his people and his treasures to Babylon (cf.
14.3,4). After all, the cause of the Babylonian captivity does not
it was Hezekiah's folly to show the treasures
of the temple, but the sins of the people, and
especially those of the son of Hezekiah, Manasseh
(cf. 2 Kings 21). After the death of Hezekiah, the nation
reconstructed once again the centers of idolatry (see
2 Chronicles 33:11; 36:18, for the fulfillment of the prophecy.

Isaiah chapter 40Commentary by verses.

The deliverance promised to the people of Israel

40.1 COMFORT MY PEOPLE. Isaiah comforts the

people of God when prophesying to a future generation, the
good news that the period of divine punishment
was about to finish, and that salvation and blessing
they were arriving. A person who is
facing great difficulty in life, but has
Christ as your Savior, can pray to God for
that or free from the problem, or to assist him
during the problem. Comforting us is a task of
Triune and one God: God the Father is called the God of
all comfort (2 Cor 1:3); to comfort all who are sad
it is a characteristic of the ministry of the Son of God
(Is 61.2); and the Holy Spirit is called the Comforter
(John 14:16,26; 15:26; 16:7).
40.3-8 VOICE OF ONE CRYING IN THE WILDERNESS. These
verses, just like a good part of the prophecies of
Isaiah has more than one application: (1) to restoration
of the exiled Jews; (2) to the coming of the Messiah and His
salvation, and (3) to the completion of redemption, in the new
heaven and the new earth. The NT shows that verse 3
it was fulfilled in John the Baptist, the precursor of the Messiah
John
taught that the way to prepare for the coming
The Lord's is through repentance (Mt 3:1-8).
The glory of the Lord will be manifested.
Israel would see the glory of the Lord when He delivered them.
the Babylonian captivity. But God would reveal His
glory and power in an even more magnificent way in
person of Jesus Christ (John 1:14; 11:4,40; Hebrews 1:3) and
in the second coming of Christ, from heaven (Mt 16:27; 24:30;
Ap 1.7)
40.8 THE WORD OF OUR GOD ENDURES
ETERNALLY. The created life is fragile and weak, and
will eventually be extinguished (cf. 37:27; Ps 90:5; 103:15),
but the Word of God lasts forever. The
God's promises will be fulfilled. His truth.
the Redeemer cannot fail or change.
40.10 THE LORD JEHOVAH WILL COME LIKE THE STRONG.
salvation, blessing, and comfort are related to
the coming of the Lord for His faithful. He will come with
power and authority, however, your presence is like
of a shepherd who takes care of his little lambs with
solicitude (v. 11; cf. Gn 49.24; Ez 34.23; 37.24; Jo
10.11,14; Hb 13.20; 1 Pe 5.4). This truth must
fill the people of God with faith, hope, and longing in
prayer for your presence and special visitation,
while waiting for the day of the second coming of Christ
(1 Thessalonians 4:14-18)

40.11 BETWEEN THE ARMS, HE WILL GATHER THE

LITTLE SHEEP. God is described here as a
pastor who takes a lamb to protect it and put it
close to your heart (cf. Mt 6.25-34). Although God
be Almighty (v. 10) and the nations be like
but before Him (v. 15), He does not stop caring for
each one of yours, in a very personal way. Never
we must think that God is so majestic that
does not know the needs and problems of each
believer in particular.
40.12-31 WHO MEASURED. These verses highlight
the wisdom, greatness, majesty, and creative power of
God. The truths here express and inspire the
people of God trusting in Him. God has the power to
liberate your own and establish your kingdom to
always
40.31 But those who hope in the Lord
RENEW THEIR STRENGTHS. Wait in
Lord, it is to fully trust our life in you.
hands. It means depending on Him as our source of
help is free, in times of need (cf. Ps
25.3-5; 27.14; Lc 2.25,38). Those who wait in
The Lord has the following promises: (1) strength
divine to revitalize them in the midst of fatigue and
weakness, of suffering and trials; (2) the
ability to rise above your
difficulties, just like the eagle that soars in the
heights of the sky and (3) the ability to run
spiritually without getting tired and walking
firmly forward without faltering, when
it seems that God takes time to act. God promises
that if your people trust in Him with patience, He
will provide everything necessary for your livelihood
continuously (1 Peter 1:5).

Isaiah chapter 41Commentary by verses.

JEHOVAH is the only God. Israel must have confidence.
only in it
41.1 LET US COME TO JUDGMENT TOGETHER. This
chapter contains a challenge to the nations, the
demonstrate that they have the same power, wisdom and
foreknowledge that the God of Israel.

41.2 THE JUST ONE OF THE EAST. This refers to Cyrus,

the Persian. More than 150 years before his birth,
Isaiah predicted that God would raise a man to
fulfill your will, by conquering nations and
protect Israel. This man was Cyrus, king of Persia
(559-530 BC; see 44.28; 45.1), the one who freed
the Jews of their exile in Babylon. It is called
righteous, not because he himself was righteous, but because
would fulfill God's fair plan for liberation of
nations.
41.6 UM TO ANOTHER HELPED. Alliances between the
nations would not hinder Ciro's advance like the
instrument of the execution of the divine purpose.

41.8 ISRAEL... WHOM I CHOSE. Israel must not

to fear destruction, because God has chosen or elected
this nation as its instrument to fulfill the
promise of redemption that He had made to the
ancestors of the Israelites. Through the nation of
Israel will see, both the Messiah and the revelation
written by God, through which salvation
it would reach all the nations of the earth.

41.10,11 EU AM WITH YOU. The believers of the NT

they were also made chosen servants of God (Eph
1.3-12; 1 Pe 2.9). We can, therefore, take possession of
the promises of these verses. We should not
to fear human strength, for God is with us (cf.
40.9; 43.2,5; Gn 15.1; At 18.9,10) for: (1) to grant
grace and strength to face the circumstances of the
life; (2) help us in difficulties, like ours
peace and (3) sustain us and be our support.

41.21-24 PRESENT YOUR DEMAND. God

challenges nations to predict the future through
of your idols, as Isaiah did accurately,
through the Spirit of the Lord.
41.25 A MAN FROM THE NORTH. This phrase describes Ciro.
v. 2 note). The North is the direction from which usually
as the invasions were attacking Israel (cf. Jer 1:14; 6:22;
25.9; 46.20; 47.2; 50.3). Although Ciro was not a
servant of the Lord, but he used the name of the Lord
in your decree that authorized the return of the exiled
Jews to the promised land (Ed 1.2).

Isaiah chapter 42Commentary by verses.

The Servant of the LORD

42.1-7 Here is my servant. These verses,

are, in part, cited in the NT (see Mt 12.18-21); it remains
of course this Servant to whom the prophet refers here
It is Jesus Christ, the Messiah.

42.1 I WILL POUR OUT MY SPIRIT UPON HIM. The

The Messiah would be anointed with the Holy Spirit, to
perform your redemptive work (cf. 61.1; see the study
JESUS AND THE HOLY SPIRIT). The disciples, who
I will take care of the work that Jesus started, also I will
to require the Holy Spirit poured out upon them (At
Only the Spirit can empower the believer.
to serve with due wisdom, revelation, and power
42.1 JUDGMENT WILL BE BROUGHT AMONG THE GENTILES.
Through the power of the Holy Spirit, the Messiah
he would bring the standards of justice to all nations
divine, as well as the divine principles of truth.
His work, therefore, was of a missionary nature.
Today, this same task is the responsibility
of those who profess the name of Christ. He
baptizes His followers in the Holy Spirit, to
empower them to fulfill this mission (see Acts 1:8 note).
42.6 LIGHT OF THE GENTILES. The work of the Messiah included
the concert of salvation, for Jews and Gentiles
equally. This new concert would be established by the
death of the Messiah (Jer 31:31-34; Heb 8:6-13; 9:15)

42.7 TO OPEN THE EYES OF THE BLIND. THE

Messiah, through his death and the power of the Spirit
Saint, liberator from the darkness of sin and guilt,
all who would believe in Him (see Rom 5:12 note) and the
bookstore of the power of Satan (cf. 1 John 3:8).

42.10-16 SING TO THE LORD. Isaiah predicts a

time when Gentiles and believing Jews will sing the
praises of the Lord to the ends of the earth, for
cause of the glorious redemption and victory that is in Him
they reached.
42.18-25 DEAF... BLIND. Because of the
spiritual blindness and deafness, the people of God were
being plundered by his enemies, and there was no
no one to save him.

Isaiah chapter 43Commentary by verses.

Only God redeems Israel

43.1-28 MAS, NOW... DO NOT FEAR. This chapter
it is a prophecy of the liberation of Israel from captivity
Babylonian, because of God's love for His people.
43.1-7 THIS IS WHAT THE LORD SAID. In this section, God
express your love for Israel and the blessings that come from it
of this love. All the blessings mentioned here,
belong mainly to the children of God,
through faith in Christ. God created us and us
we redeem; we belong to Him, and He knows each one
of us by name (v. 1). In the face of problems
difficult, we will not be defeated, for He is
I know (vv. 2,5). We are precious and honored to
your sight, and objects of your great love (v. 4).
43.8-13 I HAVE LED THE BLIND PEOPLE. Although Israel
still being spiritually blind, God reserved
a future for him, in your plan of redemption; still
they would be your witnesses and your servants.

43.14-21 BABYLON. God would judge the Babylonians and

bookstore your people. They would receive something new
(v. 19), i.e., a new era of forgiveness, blessing,
restoration and the presence of God. For this reason,
they would praise their God (v. 21).
43.22-28 HOWEVER, YOU DID NOT CALL ME TO
MIM. At this time, when Isaiah wrote, Judah
still did not seek God, His forgiveness and help; the
the people continued in the quagmire of sin (v. 24). Case
if they did not regret, their end would be misery
and the scorn (v. 28).

Isaiah Chapter 44Commentary by verses.

The sovereignty of God. The vanity of idols.

44.3 I WILL POUR OUT MY SPIRIT ON THE

YOUR DESCENDANTS. Although Israel was, in
large part, a nation deviated from God, in
In the time of Isaiah, he prophesied that one day, the
The Holy Spirit would be poured out over a son of yours
future generation (cf. 32.15; Jer 31:33,34; Ezek 36:26,27;
39.29; Zc 12.10 13.1). This prophecy had its
partial fulfillment on the day of Pentecost (cf. Jo
2.25-29; At 2.17,18; note At 1.8 and 2.4). Your
full compliance for Israel will take place when the
Israelites accept Christ as their Messiah (see
Romans 11:25,26 notes.

44.5 EU AM A LORD. A result

wonderful outpouring of the Spirit upon us
it is your testimony within us, that
we belong to the Lord and that He is our Father
celestial. The Spirit generates in us the conviction that
we belong to God and that we have all the rights and
privileges like your children (see Rom 8:16 note; Gal
4.6 note).
44.6-20 Thus says the Lord. God exposes the
the folly of man in making an idol of material
common, to then direct a prayer to him, asking
help (vv.12,17). Even today, many people do
statues and idols, and bows before them in prayer
and the worship, hopeful that the spirit
represented by the idol, help and protect them (v.17).

44.28 CYRUS... TEMPLE. Isaiah identifies Cyrus by

name, like the one who would initiate the liberation of
Jews from captivity (v.28). This prophecy was
stated 150 years before its fulfillment. In
538 BC, Cyrus issued a decree authorizing the
Jews returning to Jerusalem and rebuilding the
your city and your temple (Ezra 1:1,2). God
determined the events of the birth in such a way
and of Ciro's life, that the plans and purposes
divine fulfillments occurred literally (see note 41.2).

Isaiah chapter 45Commentary by verses.

45.1 ANOINTED... CYRUS. Although he was not a servant

of God (vv. 4,5), Cyrus is called the anointed one,
the same title that God gave to His Son (the Messiah,
Cyrus (550-530 BC) was anointed in the sense
what was used by God in order to carry out the task
important to liberate Israel from captivity, in order to
God carry forward His plan to use Israel in
salvation of the human race. Cyrus founded the empire
Persia, which lasted for two centuries. Conquered the
Babylon in 539 BC, and soon allowed the Jews
we will return
to your land (see Ed 1).
45.14-17 YOU MUST BE GOD IN YOU. The day will come
in which all nations will recognize that God
of Israel is the only God, and in that Israel never again
will be ashamed (see Rev 20:4 note).
45.22 SAVED SERIES, YOU, ALL
TERMS OF THE EARTH. God invites all the
people of the earth to repent and come to Him
to be saved. The gospel of Christ contains the
same invitation, and the Lord has already commanded that yours
church take this good news to the whole world (Mt
28.19,20; At 1.8; see Is 42.1 note). The Lord desires
the conversion of all people (2 Peter 3:9).
Every knee shall bow. Paul cites
this verse in Rom 14:11 and Phil 2:10,11, for
to demonstrate that not every person will turn to
God, with sincere remorse, in this life; but
one day all people, voluntarily or not,
they will bow before Christ and confess that He is
the Lord.

Isaías cap. 46 Commentary by verses.

The Fall of the Idols of Babylon
46.1 BEL, NEBO. Bel, also called Marduk,
he was the greatest deity of Babylon. Nebo was the god
of knowledge, literature, and astronomy. These
gods could not prevent the destruction of Babylon.
46.4 I WILL BRING YOU. In contrast with the gods
made by human hands (44.12-17) that need
to be carried by those who manufacture them (v. 1), the
Lord, our Creator, has the power to take us.
He has cared for us since the beginning of our lives,
continues to act in our favor and will support us until
the end.

Isaiah chapter 47Commentary by verses.

The fall of Babylon

47.1-15 O VIRGIN DAUGHTER OF BABYLON. This
chapter predicts the ruin and fall of Babylon.
Babylon developed a pagan culture,
egocentric and proud (vv. 8-10); its inhabitants
they lived in sensual pleasures and confident in their
own wisdom and knowledge, and in magic (vv.
Such a people was destined for a judgment
sudden and overwhelming (vv. 9,11). In the last days of
tribulation, Babylon, representing all the
pagan and humanist cultures of the incredulous world,
it will be
destroyed by God, in his anger (see Rev 17:1 notes;
18.2 note).

Isaiah chapter 48Commentary by verses.

Reasoning, admonitions, and promises of

God for Israel
48.1-22 BUT NOT IN TRUTH NOR IN
JUSTICE. This chapter reveals that Judah was a
people who seemed to follow God and invoke his
name, but which, in reality, rejected the truths
from His Word and a holy life before Him.
They practiced religion, but did not give it the first place.
to God in their lives (see Mt 23:13, note about the
hypocrisy; 2 Timothy 3:5 note)

I ANNOUNCED SINCE THEN. Through the

prophets, God foretold the captivity of Israel and its
post-release, and thus proved that He is the
one true God. No idol worshiper
or demons can predict with accuracy the
future, nor predicting events in advance
specific, as the God of Israel does.
48.6 NEW THINGS. The new things include the
Coming Messiah and the new heavens and the new earth
(cap. 53; 65.17).
48.12-15 GIVE ME EARS, O JACOB. This prophecy
he reiterates referring to Cyrus as the chosen instrument of
God to subjugate Babylon (see 41.2 note; 45.1
nota).
48.16 THE LORD JEHOVAH SENT ME HIS
SPIRIT. This verse refers to the Messiah
coming, clad in the power of the Holy Spirit (cf.
61.1).
48.20 LEFT BABYLON. This statement had
great importance to the Jews, at the end of their
seventy years of captivity in Babylon (539 B.C.)
when they were preparing to leave that country and
to return to Judah, according to the decree of Cyrus (cf.
Ap.18.4).

Isaiah chapter 49- Commentary by verses.

The Servant of the LORD is the light of the Gentiles

49.1 THE LORD CALLED ME. The mission

the messianic of Jesus Christ is illustrated in the words
from the womb, i.e., the womb of the Virgin Mary (see
Lc 1.31-33
49.2 SWORD... ARROW. The words of the Messiah
the coming would be like a sharp sword that
penetrates the consciousness of everyone who hears them
The arrow can symbolize the
divine punishment of those who reject the Word of
God.
49.3 MY SERVANT, AND ISRAEL. This designation does not
can be limited to the nation of Israel, given that the
the servant's task was to bring Jacob (i.e., Israel) from
returns to God (v. 5). The Son-Servant of God, Jesus,
he personified in himself the ideal Israel, and fulfilled
everything that God required of Israel as a nation.
49.4 I HAVE WORKED IN VAIN. The ministry
two prophets as servants of God were filled with
disappointments and open opposition from many
in Israel. Similarly, the mission of the very
Servo, Jesus Christ, seemed to have failed when
He died on the cross (see 50.6-9; 52.13 53.12, for
but more details about the suffering of the Servant of God).
49.5,6 THAT I MAKE YOU BRING JACOB.
the prophecy describes two important aspects of the
mission of Jesus: (1) bring Israel back to God
i.e., the converted Jews of the NT church and of
present time, as well as the remainder of
Israel to be restored in the last days; and (2) to lead to
divine light and the message of salvation to all
nations (see the next note).
49.6 MY SALVATION TO THE EXTREME
FROM THE EARTH. The mission of the Messiah is to make sure that
let all nations hear the gospel and have the
opportunity to believe in the Son-Servant of God. This
the verse is sometimes called the great commission
from the Old Testament. This commission will not be
fulfilled until the gospel is duly
stuck to the whole world. When that happens,
then the end will come (see Mt 24:14 note). The task of the
believers of the NT is to faithfully preach the gospel and lead
to all nations until the Lord returns.
49.7 TO THE DESPISED SOUL... THEY ABOMINATE. Christ
he would be despised and hated by many (cf. 53.3),
but his enemies would bow down before Him.
49.8-13 Thus says the Lord. These verses
describe the condition of joy and well-being
the adventure of those who find in Christ
liberation and salvation.

49.14-17 THE LORD HAS FORSAKEN ME. These

these are words from the Israelites, who experienced
great suffering and, therefore, felt
abandoned and forgotten by God. The response of
God is the divine guarantee to every believer who passes
through periods of trial. (1) God's love for
we are greater than the natural affection that a mother
affectionate dedication to her children. It is, therefore,
inconceivable that He forgets us,
mainly in times of discouragement and sorrow (cf. Jr
31.20). (2) His compassion for us will never cease,
whatever the circumstances of our life.
He watches over us with great love and tenderness, and
We are confident that He will never leave us.
The evidence of God's great love is that He
he has engraved us on the palms of his hands, so much so
a way that will never let us forget. The marks of
nails in your hands, are always before the
your eyes as a reminder of the great love that He
there is for us, and of your care.

The nations will bring your...

CHILDREN. These verses predict a time in
that Israel would be restored to God, and the Gentiles,
converted. The Gentiles would lead a generation
future of Jews returning to the Lord (cf. 14.2; 43.6;
60.9.

Isaiah chapter 50Commentary by verses.

The Servant of the LORD insulted and helped

50.4-11 THE LORD JEHOVAH GAVE ME. Mixed with the

the prophet's own experiences and exhortations, there is
in these verses prophetic words about character
the suffering of the Messiah.
50.4 SAY... A KIND WORD TO WHAT IS
TIRED. The Messiah would console the weak and the
afflicted (cf. 42.3; Mt 11.28); He would be in communion
with the Father every morning (cf. Mark 1:35).

I give 50.6 to those who hurt me.

Messiah would go through suffering, humiliation and
shame, in the fulfillment of its mission to redeem
the human race (cf. Mt 27.26,30; Mc 14.65; 15.16-20;
Jo 19.1).
50.7 PUS O ROSTO COMO UM SEIXO. Christ knew
that your suffering and death would result in
redemption of all who believed in Him, therefore
he manifested the firm purpose of going to Jerusalem (Lc
9.51 ARA.
50.10,11 WHO IS THEME TO THE LORD. The prophet Isaiah
calls on those who trust in the Lord to remain
faithful to Him, even having to walk in the darkness of
apostasy of the nation. Those who kindle fire (v.11),
i.e., they walk in the light of their own ideas and
paths, and not by submission to God and to
revelation of Your Word, they shall lie in torment
(v.11).

Isaiah chapter 51Commentary by verses.

The restoration and salvation of Israel

51.1-3 O YOU, WHO FOLLOW JUSTICE. God inspires

the remnant that seeks him and his righteousness (cf. Mt
5.6), to fully trust that one day He
will establish his kingdom on earth. This promise is
repeated in the NT (Rev 11:15; 19:22). Although sin
And Satan, at this moment, dominates in many things.
in this world (John 12:31; Ephesians 2:1-3), the Lord will return
to destroy evil and establish His kingdom in this
earth.
51.4,5 LIGHT OF PEOPLES. The kingdom of God on earth,
in the end times, will bring salvation and justice to all
the nations (cf. 2.2-4; 42.4).
51.6 THE HEAVENS WILL DISAPPEAR.
establishment of the eternal kingdom of God on earth,
it will matter in the destruction of the heavens and the earth
currently existing and also in that of all
how many oppose God and His justice (24.4;
34.4; 50.9; Hb 1.10,11; Ap 19). Next, our
The Lord will create new heavens and a new earth for the
saints (65.17; 66.22; Rev 21.1), where He will dwell
forever with those whom He redeemed (2 Peter
3.13).
51.9-11 AWAKEN... O ARM OF THE LORD.
We must live up to God's promises in
regarding the final redemption of its saints and the earth,
striving and praying fervently that this may be so
happen. Apostle Peter teaches that our
prayers may hasten that day: But we,
according to your promise, we await new heavens and
new earth, in which righteousness dwells (2 Peter 3:13; see
3.12 note).
51.17-23 O JERUSALÉM. In these verses, Isaiah
prophesy regarding the exile of Israel because of the
God's wrath, and begins to proclaim the divine promise
of future deliverance. It foretells a time when
God's judgment over His people will end. God
will then begin to judge those who afflicted them.

Isaiah chapter 52Commentary by verses.

Put on your strength. Isaiah 52:1-6

predict a time when God would restore His
exiled people, for the love of your name, and in which
Jerusalem would be rebuilt.
52.7 HOW SOFT ARE... THE FEET. This verse
refers first to those who proclaimed the
liberation of the captives in Babylon. It foretells,
also, the proclamation of salvation through the
Coming Messiah (see Rom 10:15; Eph 6:15). The subject
the central message proclaimed is: Your God
queen, i.e., the kingdom of God has come to earth (cf. Mc
1.14,15.
52.11 GO AWAY, DO NOT TOUCH UNCLEAN THINGS. THE
exodus from Babylon, just like that of Egypt,
they portrayed the human being freed from the world and from everything
how impure it is. The specific command for
that people, upon being freed, went to
purify themselves from all impurity. Likewise,
when someone accepts Christ as Lord and
Salvador must separate himself from the world and purify himself.
of all evil.
52.13 53.12 THE SUFFERING SERVANT. This section
deals with the suffering and rejection of the Messiah-Servant,
Jesus Christ. Isaiah prophesies that through the
his suffering, many would be forgiven,
justified, redeemed and healed. Your suffering
it would also lead him to his exaltation and glory. The NT mentions
but this part of the Scriptures than any other
another from the AT.

52.13 IT IS THAT MY SERVANT... Jesus, the Messiah,

The Servant of God would perfectly fulfill the will.
of God and therefore would be greatly exalted (cf.
At 2.33; Fp 2.9; Cl 3.1; Hb 1.3; 8.1).
52.14 HIS APPEARANCE WAS SO
DISFIGURED. This verse describes the evil-
treatments that the Jews and Roman soldiers inflicted
to Jesus, in his trial and crucifixion (cf. Sl
22.6-8; see Mt 26.67 note.
52.15 WILL SPRINKLE MANY NATIONS. This
the expression refers to cleaning and purification
spiritual (cf. Ex 29:21; Lev 8:11,30) that people of
all nations would experience when
they received the redeeming message of the Messiah
Servant. This purification would come by the sprinkling of
blood of Christ; see 1 Peter 1:2.

Isaiah chapter 53Commentary by verses.

53.1 WHO GAVE CREDIT TO OUR PREACHING?

Although Jesus is the Messiah of God, many him
they would reject and therefore remain without salvation (see
There were relatively few
salvos among the Jews at the first coming of Jesus.
53.2 AS ROOT OF A DRY LAND. Besides the
his humble human origin, Jesus came to earth in a
period of great spiritual aridity. John the Baptist
began to awaken the people to come to
Jesus, shortly before He began His ministry
public.
53.2 WE SAW NO BEAUTY, FOR WHAT THE
IF WE WISHED. The Messiah would not have greatness
earthly and not physical attractions. God always
contemplate more the character, holiness, and obedience of
person, and not primarily their social condition
earthly, nor its physical beauty (cf. 1 Sam 16:7; see
Lc 22:24-30 note)
53.3 DESPISED... UNWORTHY [REJECTED]. To
instead of acceptance by Israel, Jesus Christ would be
hated and rejected by the leaders of the nation (see
52.14 note; Mt 26.57 note).
53.3 MAN OF SORROWS. The mission of Jesus
it would involve a lot of pain, suffering, displeasure, and sorrow
because of the sins of humanity.
Similarly, all who follow Jesus,
they will probably experience suffering and frustrations from
some way (see 2 Corinthians 11:23 note).

He took upon himself our

DISEASES. The NT cites this verse in Mt
8.17, with reference to the ministry of Jesus, in healing
two sick individuals both physically and spiritually. Or
the Messiah would suffer the punishment that was due to us, in order to
to deliver us from our infirmities and diseases, and
not only of our sins. It is, therefore,
biblical to pray for physical healing. Just as He
He took our sins upon Himself, He also took
the disease and the affliction that affects us (see the two
following notes).
53.5 WOUNDED BY OUR TRANSGRESSIONS.
Christ was crucified for our sins and our
guilt before God (cf. Ps 22:16; Zech 12:10; Jo
19.34; 1 Co 15.3). As our substitute, He suffered
the punishment we deserved, and paid the penalty
the penalty of death for our sins (Rm
6.23). Therefore, we can be forgiven by God and
have peace with Him (cf. Rom 5:1).

53.5 BECAUSE OF YOUR FOOTSTEPS WE WENT

SARADOS. This cure refers to salvation, with
all your blessings, spiritual and material. A
disease and illness are consequences of
the Adamic fall and the activity of Satan in
world. For this the Son of God was manifested;
to undo the works of the devil (1 John 3:8). Christ
granted healing gifts to his church (1 Cor 12:9) and
he ordered his followers to heal the sick, as
part of your proclamation of the Kingdom of God (Lc
9.1,2; 10.1.8,9,19)
53.6 WE ALL WALKED TORN APART
LIKE SHEEP. Every human being, at one time
or in another, preferred to follow their own paths
selfish and sinful to obedience to
just commandments of God (see Rom 6:1 note).
Every human being is guilty and, therefore, needs to
death of Christ in his place.
53.7 LIKE A LAMB, HE WAS LED TO
SLaughterhouse. Jesus endured with patience and
voluntary way, the suffering in our place (1 Peter
2.23; cf. Jo 1.29,36; Ap 5.6).
53.9 YOUR GRAVE WITH THE WICKED. This
the phrase can mean that Jesus Christ would die at
side of the wicked, or that the Roman soldiers
they intended to bury him together with the two
wrongdoers. However, according to this prophecy,
was buried in the tomb of a rich man (Mt 27.57-60).
53.10 IT PLEASED THE LORD TO MAKE HIM.
it is the will of God the Father that His Son be sent
to die on the cross for the sake of a lost world
(see John 3:16 note; see the study THE WILL OF
GOD). By making Christ an expiatory sacrifice for
all transgressions (cf. Lv 5.15; 6.5; 19.21), the
divine purpose of redemption, of
bringing many people to salvation has already been fulfilled.
Prolonging the days means: He will rise from among
the dead and will live forever
53.11 THE WORK OF YOUR SOUL. The suffering
the Messiah would fulfill God's purpose and
would result in salvation for the many who believe.
53.12 A PART... WITH THE POWERFUL. God
Prometheus repays Christ for His expiatory death,
and Christ in turn promises that he will share his
spoil with the powerful who follow him in the
battle against sin and Satan, through the
power of the Spirit.
53.12 THEREFORE HE POURED OUT HIS SOUL ON
DEATH. Because of the death of Jesus on the cross, a
a great inheritance was granted to the people of God.
Any proclamation of the gospel that does not preach
the cross of Christ and the renunciation of sin is, in
definitive, doomed to failure.
53.12 He interceded for the transgressors.
Jesus, in his agony on the cross, interceded for the
fishermen (Luke 23:24). His ministry of intercession
still continues in heaven (cf. Rom 8:34; see Heb 7:25)
note)

Isaiah chapter 54Commentary by verses.

The progress and the glory of Zion

54.1-3 SING JOYFULLY, O BARREN. God

encourages the Jewish exiles by promising new
conditions that would bring blessings and joy. Although
If Jerusalem were barren and unfruitful, a day would come in
that true believers would be more numerous
than before the exile. Your posterity will possess the
nations (v. 3), may refer to the faithful believers among
the Jews who proclaim the gospel of Christ to
many nations, during the times of the NT.
54.4-8 DO NOT BE AFRAID. The people of God in exile do not
must fear that your misfortune continues to
always, for divine punishment would soon give way to
deliverance. God would have compassion on His barren people.
he would restore yours to a place of favor, in your
your own land. The shame of your youth can
referring to the period of slavery in Egypt; the
the shame of your widowhood historically refers to the
Babylonian captivity.
54.9,10 I WILL NO LONGER BE ANGRY WITH YOU. This
prophecy indicates the kingdom of Christ on earth with its
people, over all nations (Rev 20:22). On that day
coming, God will never be angry with Israel.
54.11-17 O OPPRESSED, THROWN WITH THE
STORM AND DESPAIR! Here, the Lord
console the afflicted nation of Israel by describing peace,
the justice and the future glory of the remnant
restored; João uses figurative language
similar, when describing the conditions of the new
Jerusalem (Rev 21:10,18-21). These words
they comfort the believer under suffering.

Isaiah chapter 55Commentary by verses.

All people are invited to seek salvation.

55.1-13 VIND. The Israelites, who abandoned the
God and His justice are invited to return to Him,
to be restored to communion and blessing.
55.1 O YOU, ALL WHO ARE THIRSTY.
An essential condition for salvation is hunger and thirst.
spirituals through forgiveness and communion with God (cf. Jo
4.14; 7.37), based on the sacrificial death of
Messiah-Servant (chap. 53). We must repent.
of our sins and draw near to God through the
faith. Also, the hunger and thirst for justice of God, and of
your power, are essential conditions for
we receive the fullness of your Spirit (see Mt 5:6
note).
55.6 SEEK THE LORD. The sinner must seek
to God, while his promise is in effect
to hear Him (cf. Jer 29:13,14; Hos 3:5; Am 5:4,6,14). The
there is a limit to the time to receive salvation here
(cf. 2 Cor 6:1,2); the day will come when He will not be
found (see Hb 3:7-11).
My thoughts are not the
YOUR THOUGHTS. The thoughts and the
God's ways are not those of the natural man.
But the mind and heart can be renewed and
transformed when living for God (cf. Rom
12.1,2); so our thoughts and conduct
they begin to conform to Him. Our greatest
I wish to live in such a way as Jesus lived,
so that all that we do pleases God. This
we will be able to do, through our
conformity to Your Word, and by obedience to
guidance of the Holy Spirit (see Rom 8:5-14 note; Jas
1.21 note).
55.11 My word... will not return to
EMPTY MIM. The power and effectiveness of the Word of
God is forever infallible. This Word is life
spiritual for the one who receives it; or condemnation, for
who rejects it.
Isaiah chapter 56Commentary by verses.

Promises to those who keep the Sabbath

56.1,2 DO JUSTICE... MY SALVATION
HE IS ABOUT TO COME. Justice and holiness are the
fruit of salvation, directly linked to the influence of
kingdom of God. They are inseparable.

56.3-8 FOREIGNER... EUNUCH. In the kingdom of

Messiah, all the foreigners and eunuchs who...
Those who return to God will be accepted the same way.
rights and privileges that others of the concert
(before, they were excluded from the collective worship, Ex
God loves and accepts each believer
like your beloved children, regardless of your
nationality, social position or physical disability.
56.7 MY HOUSE SHALL BE CALLED HOUSE OF
PRAYER. The link between prayer and the
God's house reveals that the greater purpose of the
worship is to bring the worshippers closer to
God, in communion, praise, intercession, and petition.
Attending church without fervent communion and
intense with God is to fail in purpose and nature
primordial aspects of worship. Jesus quoted this verse
when he expelled the money changers from the house of God (see
Mc 11.17 note; Lc 19.45 note.
56.10-12 YOUR WATCHMEN ARE BLIND. God
reproved the corrupt leaders and priests of
Israel, because they did not know His Word, were
covetous for selfish gains and could not
to stay away from alcoholic beverages (v. 12).
Isaiah Chapter 57Commentary by verses.

57.1,2 PERECE O JUSTO. The faithful believers were

being mistreated by cruel and corrupt leaders
from Judah, and they were perishing (cf. 2 Kings 21:16).
These martyrs, however, by their death, escaped
two terrible horrors of the divine judgment that
soon there would come about the Jews.
57.3-14 VÓS, CHILDREN OF AGOUREIRA. The people of
Judah abandoned the Lord and began to worship the
gods of pagan nations. This worship included
immorality, prostitution, witchcraft and sacrifices
humans. But God would not let anyone sin
thus, with impunity. Those who transgressed the
their law would reap what they had sown, and they would lose
much more than they thought they would obtain with their
iniquity.
57.15 THE CONTRITE AND HUMBLE IN SPIRIT.
For the humble and repentant, the Lord God
There was a gracious promise: He, who dwells on high
And the holy place, I would personally dwell with the contrite.
and downcast in spirit. Contrite refers to all
the one who feels oppressed by sin and who
seeks the liberation from this slavery; downcast from
spirit, refers to the brokenhearted by
cause of the setbacks and tribulations of life (cf. Ps
34.18,19). God assists such people to
revitalize their spirit, give them new vigor and
to minister to them the comfort of His presence.
57.21 THE WICKED... HAVE NO PEACE. God structured
in such a way that human consciousness, which never
there will be true peace neither internally nor externally
for those who live in sin. While someone lives
in wickedness, your conscience will be like a sea
stormy, turbulent and full of mud and sludge (v. 20).
God does not give you peace, but on the other hand desires that
repent and be saved.

Isaiah chapter 58Commentary by verses.

Cry out loud, do not hold back.

The prophet cries out against the sins of the people, with a
strong like the trumpet; the transgressions and the
the hypocrisy of the people of God needs to be exposed.
If the messengers of God cease to speak out against
the sins of your people will not be faithful to your
divine vocation.
58.2 THEY SEEK ME EVERY DAY. Judah sought the
God every day, as if the people desired to know
your paths; but, at the same time, these
Jews lived in sin, indifferent to the saints.
commandments of God. Today, there are congregations that
they worship the Lord only outwardly; they appear
joy in praising Him, and they give the impression that they walk
in their paths; at the same time, such churches
we conform to worldliness and despise it
diligent study of Your written Word. This type of
adoration is an offense to God and an abomination
for Him.
58.3 ON THE DAY YOU FASTED. The people were
to complain that God did not want to help him. God, however,
He knew that their worship and fasting were hypocrisy.
He declares to them that a religious act has value only
for Him when it comes from those who seek
humbly obey His commandments and
who, with compassion, reach out a hand to the
needy.
58.6 THE FAST I CHOSE. The fast that God
approval is accompanied by love for Him and for
sincere care for the oppressed. The believer must
understand that the delivery of offerings and tithes to
the church does not exempt you from the responsibility of giving to the
poor. We must help the hungry with food and
provide clothes to those in need (cf. Gl
6.10)
58.8-12 THEN, YOUR LIGHT WILL BREAK FORTH LIKE THE
ALVA. Where there is true love for God and a
sincere interest in the well-being of others, there is
also there a channel for the abundant blessing of
God in our life. The rewards of this love to
God is declared here: (1) the light of God and the
full joy of salvation and healing; (2) the protection and
presence of God manifested in our life; (3) the
divine help in distress, through the response of the
prayers; (4) the removal of darkness and oppression; (5)
the guidance, strength, and fruitfulness from the part of
God, and (6) the true restoration, with the return
of God's standards and paths.
58.13 ON SATURDAY. God commanded since the time of
creation that one day in seven should be reserved as
holy to Him (v. 13), i.e., a day for the people of God
cease your own daily activities and dedicate
to physical rest and spiritual renewal (see Ex)
20.8 note; Mt 12.1 note). The observation of this order
divine will increase our joy in the Lord and us
will enable to reach new spiritual heights (v. 14).

Isaiah chapter 59Commentary by verses.

59.1-8 THE HAND OF THE LORD IS NOT

HIDDEN. This passage describes other sins.
that prevented the blessings promised by God,
for the people (see the two previous notes).
59.2 INIQUITIES CAUSE DIVISION AMONG YOU
And your God. Sin and wickedness in life
believers raise a wall between themselves and God. Because
Because of this barrier, such a believer no longer enjoys the
God's favor, neither protection, help or
deliverance. Also, the prayers of this believer do not
will be attended to (Ps 66:18).

59.5 BASILISK EGGS. Basilisk is a snake.

venomous, also called viper.
59.9-14 FOR THIS REASON, THE JUDGMENT IS FAR FROM
WE. Isaiah speaks here of the true intercessors,
for they recognize their sins, confessing them, and
feel sadness for such a situation.
59.16 E HE SAW THAT NO ONE WAS THERE. The Lord saw the
the gravity of Israel's sins and recognized that
there was no intercessor to change the course of
events. So, He Himself decided to extend
your own arm to save your people, what
what happened with the coming of Jesus Christ. Also
now, it is the Lord Jesus Christ who personally
intercede for us in heaven (Heb 7:25); He seeks
intercessors on earth to seal the wall and
stand in the gap (Ezekiel 22:30), on behalf of your church,
lacks revival, and of the lost, that
lack salvation.
59.17,18 JUSTICE, LIKE A BREASTPLATE.
Paul quoted two phrases from this verse, when
describe the believer's armor: the breastplate of
justice and the helmet of salvation (Eph 6:14-17). A
Isaiah's allusion to the garments of vengeance and to fury,
to your adversaries (vv. 17,18) is a prediction of the
great day of God's wrath, at the end of times (see
Ap 19 note).
59.20 A Redeemer will come to Zion. This Redeemer
is Jesus Christ (cf. 35.4; 40.9; 52.7). He will come to
those who sincerely abandon their
sins and begin to serve the Lord.
59.21 O MY SPIRIT... MY WORDS.
God promises that to those who renounce theirs
sins and accept the Messiah, His Spirit will come
about them (cf. John 16:13; Acts 2:4) and His Word does not
will take away from their mouths. The Spirit and the Word of
Lord will always confirm the testimony of the church
true. The people of God must proclaim the
gospel in the power and justice of the Holy Spirit
(see At 1.8 note).
Isaiah Chapter 60Commentary by verses.

Jerusalem is restored to its glory

60.1-3 FOR YOUR LIGHT HAS COME.
it is a prophecy declaring that with the coming of the
Messiah, the glory of God would be among His people, and
many Gentiles would seek the light. The NT applies these
verses to the anointed ministry of Jesus in Galilee
(see Mt 4:16,17). With the beginning of the great advance
evangelical missionary of the NT, this prophecy
it began to come true.
60.4-9 COME TO YOU. These verses describe the
future messianic kingdom of our Lord. Isaiah sees the
glory of God over Israel, and the other nations
coming to this people in order to receive the light and the
salvation (cf. 49.23); these nations will bring to the Lord
offerings of their riches (cf. 61:6; 66:12).
60.10 THEY WILL BUILD YOUR WALLS. The nations
will contribute with labor for the
establishment of the government of God in Jerusalem.
Those who oppose the messianic kingdom will be
annihilated.
60.19 THE SUN WILL NEVER SERVE YOU AGAIN FOR
LIGHT. This verse anticipates the Jerusalem of the new heaven.
and of the new earth, in which God and the Lamb will be the
eternal light of your people (see Rev 21:23; 22:3-5; cf. Zech
2.5).
60.21 THEY WILL BE JUST. During the messianic kingdom,
Israel will be characterized by faithfulness and justice, and
not for the infidelity and apostasy of the past.

Isaiah chapter 61- Commentary by verses.

Salvation is proclaimed
The Spirit of the Lord Jehovah is
ABOUT ME. This description of the Messiah and his
function relates to your mission or ministry (see
11.2,3, note, where Isaiah describes more directly
your character and supremacy). When Jesus
he started his ministry, cited these verses and them
applied to himself (Luke 4:18,19). His ministry
anointed included: (1) preach the gospel to the poor,
to the humble and to the afflicted; (2) heal the spiritual and
physically sick and broken; (3) break the
chains of evil and proclaim the liberation from sin and
of the satanic domain; and (4) to open the spiritual eyes
two lost to see the light of the gospel and be
salvos. This quadruple purpose characterized the
ministry of Jesus Christ, and will continue to be
fulfilled by the church as long as it is on earth.
61.1 THE SPIRIT... LORD... UPON ME. In this
In the verse from the Old Testament, there is an allusion to the doctrine of

Trinity: The Spirit, The Lord JEHOVAH and Me

Jesus; see Mark 1:11 note.
61.2 THE DAY OF VENGEANCE. Jesus did not include this
phrase when He cited this prophecy in Nazareth (Lc
4.18,19), since the day of vengeance would only occur on
his second coming. The judgment against the wicked
it will occur during the great tribulation and at the return of
Christ on earth (Rev 5:19; Is 34:8; Mt 24:30).
61.4-9 THEY WILL BUILD THE PLACES ANCIENTLY
ASSOLADOS. After the second coming of Christ
At the end of times, Israel will be rebuilt and others
nations will work among the Israelites and will worship the
Lord along with them (vv. 5,6). The Israelites
they will function as priests and ministers, teaching
and transmitting to others the Word of God (v. 6).
61.10,11 REJOICE IN THE LORD VERY MUCH.
After the return of Christ, all who are part of his
the kingdom will rejoice. They will be clothed in salvation
(i.e., will belong to the redeemed of God) and, of
justice (i.e., they will live according to God's standards).

ForZion'ssakeIwillnotkeepsilent,andforJerusalem'ssakeIwillnotremainquiet,tillherrighteousnessshinesoutlikethedawn,hersalvationlikeablazingtorch.Thenationswillseeyourrighteousness,andallkingsyourglory;youwillbecalledbyanewnamethatthemouthoftheLordwillbestow.YouwillbeacrownofsplendorintheLord'shand,aroyaldiademinthehandofyourGod.NolongerwilltheycallyouDeserted,ornameyourlandDesolate.ButyouwillbecalledHephzibah,andyourlandBeulah;fortheLordwilltakedelightinyou,andyourlandwillbemarried.Asayoungmanmarriesayoungwoman,sowillyourbuildermarryyou;asabridegroomrejoicesoverhisbride,sowillyourGodrejoiceoveryou.Ihavepostedwatchmenonyourwalls,Jerusalem;theywillneverbesilentdayornight.YouwhocallontheLord,giveyourselvesnorest,andgiveHimnoresttillHeestablishesJerusalemandmakesherthepraiseoftheearth.TheLordhasswornbyHisrighthandandbyHismightyarm:'NeveragainwillIgiveyourgrainasfoodforyourenemies,andneveragainwillforeignersdrinkthenewwineforwhichyouhavetoiled;butthosewhoharvestitwilleatitandpraisetheLord,andthosewhogatherthegrapeswilldrinkitinthecourtsofmysanctuary.'Passthrough,passthroughthegates!Preparethewayforthepeople!Buildup,buildupthehighway!Removethestones!Raiseabannerforthenations.TheLordhasmadeproclamationtotheendsoftheearth:'SaytoDaughterZion,See,yourSaviorcomes!See,HisrewardiswithHim,andHisrecompenseaccompaniesHim.'TheywillbecalledtheHolyPeople,theRedeemedoftheLord;andyouwillbecalledSoughtAfter,theCityNoLongerDeserted.Commentary by verses.
The future glory of Jerusalem
62.1-12 SION... JERUSALEM. This chapter speaks of
a day when Jerusalem will be filled with glory of the
Lord; the people of God will dwell among you
walls, in peace and joy, and the whole world will
will benefit from your glory.

62.4 HEZIBAH... BEULAH. Hefzibah means my

pleasure is in her, and Beulah means married.
These names indicate that God has renewed his
concert with Jerusalem.
62.6 GUARDS... THAT... WILL NOT BE SILENT. God
he placed watchtowers on the walls of Jerusalem, i.e.,
prophets and faithful intercessors who never cease to
pray for the establishment of God's kingdom on earth
and the glory of Jerusalem. Likewise, the believers
Should pray incessantly for the coming of
kingdom of God and the just government of Christ over the
earth (see Mt 6:10 note).
62.11 YOUR SALVATION COMES. This verse
refers to the second coming of Christ to establish
justice on earth and to exalt Jerusalem for love
to your name; with it comes your reward (cf. Ap
22.12)

Isaiah chapter 63Commentary by verses.

God saves and avenge his people

63.1-6 OF EDOM... WITH DYED GARMENTS. These
verses express a future divine judgment
against an impious world. Edom represents all the
powers of the world that oppose God and His
The garments of the Lord are stained with
red, with the blood of the wicked. Note Revelation 19:13,
where the garment of Christ is described like this: speckled
of blood, when He returns to the earth in order to
to annihilate the unrepentant and rebellious wicked against
He.
63.7 64.12 THE BLESSINGS OF THE LORD.
Isaiah praises God for His compassion and goodness.
confess the sins of Israel, and intercede for his
deliverance from judgment and, by redemption by God
fiancée.
63.9 THE ANGEL OF YOUR PRESENCE. This angel is
probably the angel of the Lord, which in reality
it is the Lord Himself (see Gn 16:7 note; Ex 3:2)
note).
63.10 THEY GRIEVED HIS HOLY SPIRIT.
They saddened by suggesting an affront to the love of the Spirit
Saint and rebellion against his ways. The Spirit
is a divine person who can be hurt and
saddened (cf. Eph 4:30). Holy refers to its
glorious holiness and its immaculate purity. The
The Holy Spirit is granted to all believers in order
to lead them to the grace of God, to His revelation, power,
love, presence, direction, and holiness.

Isaiah chapter 64 - Commentary by verses

Oh! If you would tear open the heavens and
DEPARTURES! As a representative of the people of
God, Isaiah pleads with the Lord to intervene in the
world, defeat your enemies and free all who
or invoke them. The believers of the NT must do
daily this prayer.
64.4 THAT WORKS FOR THOSE WHO BELIEVE IN HIM
WAIT. God promises that He will do great things for
those who wait for Him. He can intervene in the
events in human history in such a way,
that leads people to carry out their will.

Isaiah chapter 65- Comment on verses.

God promises to listen to prayer and grant blessings to His own.

servos
65.1-7 I AM SOUGHT BY THOSE WHO DO NOT
THEY WERE ASKING ABOUT ME. In these verses,
God answers Isaiah's prayer through a
description of your continuous appeal to the rebel nation,
so that she returns to Him. Because of iniquity
of the Israelites, God would repay them with punishment (vv.
6,7), suffered, largely, from the Assyrian invasion
(caps. 1.37) and by the Babylonian captivity (caps. 38.66).

65.8 MUST. This word (hb. tirosh) generally

refers to the unfermented product of the vine.
It should be noted that this type of wine is what God says it is.
a blessing
I will produce offspring to Jacob.
Although God judged Israel (vv. 6,7), He also
I would save a remnant of true believers.
they would return to their land and then carry out the
your redemptive mission in the world. They would enjoy the
your joy and blessings (vv. 13-16).
65.17-25 CRIO NEW HEAVENS AND NEW EARTH.
This prophecy predicts the future kingdom of God on earth.
Isaiah speaks at once of the era of eternity, in
that sin and death will no longer exist (vv. 17-19),
and of the messianic era (i.e., the millennial kingdom) that the
precedes (vv. 19-25; Rev 20:4-6). Note that the
Verse 18 begins with an emphatic adversative.
(But); there will indeed be new heavens and new
earth, but God also has plans for it
Jerusalem of the millennial kingdom of Christ.

65.20 THERE WILL NO LONGER BE CHILDREN IN IT

FEW DAYS. Death will exist in the millennial kingdom,
but the duration of human life will be much longer
longer than now. A person of one hundred years
age will be considered young, and dying before that
age will be considered a curse.
65.24 BEFORE THEY CALL, I WILL ANSWER.
The people of God will no longer have to persevere in
prayer for your daily needs; the Lord
He will answer your prayers without delay.

65.25 THE WOLF AND THE LAMB IF

WILL ASCENT TOGETHER. Peace and security
they will characterize the messianic kingdom. Animals, before
wild ones will become gentle, and perfect harmony
there will be between them (cf. 11.6-9).

Isaiah chapter 66Commentary by verses.

The final rejection of the rebels

66.2 EIS PARA QUEM OLHAREI. God does not see

impresses with the splendor of a building that you
a human raises for Him, but really does
delight with those who are humble in spirit,
that recognize they always depend on their
help and of your grace, and those who seek to observe from
with all my heart I seek your Word (see vv. 1,2; 57.15
note).
66.3 HE WHO KILLS AN OX. Those who
they adore God, and at the same time continue to
live as they want, and not according to their
Words (v. 2) are an abomination to Him. Such
people will have a severe retribution from the
Sir.
66.7-14 GAVE BIRTH. Isaiah predicts the rebirth of
Israel as the people of God, during the kingdom
messianic; the birth will be singularly quick
and will bring joy (v. 10), peace (v. 12; cf. 48.18) and
prosperity (v. 11).
66.10-14 REJOICE WITH JERUSALEM.
Jerusalem is compared to a mother who feeds.
your children and takes care of them. Jerusalem will have peace and will be
a comfort for all those who love God,
including the Gentiles who come to her.
66.15 THE LORD WILL COME IN FIRE. When God
establish Jerusalem and the messianic kingdom, He
it will also come with judgment against its enemies (cf.
Zc 14.3; 2 Ts 1.7-9; Ap 19.11-21.
I WILL GATHER ALL NATIONS AND
LANGUAGES. Believers from all nations will be
gathered in Jerusalem to see the glory of God.
Following this, they will be sent to the nations in order to
bring to the Lord, to the God of Israel, the Jews
remnants; this will happen at the end of times; cf.
verse 20.
66.22-24 THE NEW HEAVENS AND THE NEW EARTH. No
end of the story, i.e., at the end of the messianic kingdom, God
He will create new heavens and a new earth (see 65:17-25)
note; Ap 21.1). All the saved will be with the
Lord forever (cf. Rev 21:22), while the
who have been rebellious to Him, and to His Word, will go to the
eternal hell (cf. 50.11; 57.21; Mk 9.45; see Mt)
10.28 note).

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