Constructor:
1. Default Constructor Scenario
Scenario:
You are building a Book class for a library system. You want each book to have a default title
"Unknown" and price 0.0 if no information is provided when the object is created.
Question:
Implement the class using a default constructor.
class Book {
String title;
double price;
Book() {
title = "Unknown";
price = 0.0;
}
void display() {
[Link]("Title: " + title + ", Price: " + price);
}
}
2. Parameterized Constructor Scenario
Scenario:
You're making a Student class where each student must have a name and roll number at the
time of creation.
Question:
Write a constructor that accepts these two values.
class Student {
String name;
int rollNo;
Student(String name, int rollNo) {
[Link] = name;
[Link] = rollNo;
}
void display() {
[Link]("Name: " + name + ", Roll No: " + rollNo);
}
}
3. Copy Constructor Scenario
Scenario:
You are creating a game with a Player class. You want to duplicate a player with the same stats.
Question:
Create a copy constructor for the Player class.
How is it different from using assignment (=)?
class Player {
String name;
int score;
Player(String name, int score) {
[Link] = name;
[Link] = score;
}
Player(Player p) {
[Link] = [Link];
[Link] = [Link];
}
void display() {
[Link](name + ": " + score);
}
}
4. Constructor Overloading Scenario
Scenario:
You’re designing a Car class. Sometimes, you know only the brand. Other times, you also know
the model and price.
Question:
Implement constructor overloading to handle different sets of data.
What benefit does constructor overloading provide in real applications?
class Car {
String brand;
String model;
double price;
Car(String brand) {
[Link] = brand;
}
Car(String brand, String model, double price) {
[Link] = brand;
[Link] = model;
[Link] = price;
}
void display() {
[Link]("Brand: " + brand + ", Model: " + model + ", Price:
" + price);
}
}
Scenario 1: Ride Booking App — UberClone
Context:
You're designing a Ride class for a ride-booking app like Uber. You need to handle:
➤ Constructor Requirements:
1. A default constructor initializes unknown ride (for testing).
2. A parameterized constructor for setting source, destination, and distance.
3. A copy constructor that copies an existing ride.
➤ Method Overloading Requirements:
Overload a method calculateFare():
One version that uses only distance (base fare: 10/km).
Another that accepts distance and ride type ("premium", "standard") — premium fare is
15/km.
Another that accepts distance, ride type, and time of day (night charges apply).
Question:
Implement the class Ride with:
All three types of constructors.
At least 3 overloaded calculateFare() methods.
Create 3 objects to demonstrate all constructor types.
Call all calculateFare() versions.
Code:
class Ride {
String source, destination;
double distance;
// Default constructor
Ride() {
source = "Unknown";
destination = "Unknown";
distance = 0;
}
// Parameterized constructor
Ride(String source, String destination, double distance) {
[Link] = source;
[Link] = destination;
[Link] = distance;
}
// Copy constructor
Ride(Ride r) {
[Link] = [Link];
[Link] = [Link];
[Link] = [Link];
}
double calculateFare() {
return distance * 10;
}
double calculateFare(String type) {
return [Link]("premium") ? distance * 15 : distance * 10;
}
double calculateFare(String type, boolean isNight) {
double fare = calculateFare(type);
return isNight ? fare + 50 : fare;
}
}
Scenario 2: University Management System — StudentRecord
You're designing a Student class for a university. The system should handle:
➤ Constructor Requirements:
1. A default constructor that assigns default values ("Unnamed", 0).
2. A parameterized constructor that accepts name and rollNo.
3. A copy constructor to clone another student object.
➤ Method Overloading Requirements:
Overload calculateGPA():
With 2 grades.
With 3 grades.
With 3 grades and weightages.
Question:
Create a Student class:
Implement all three types of constructors.
Overload calculateGPA() with increasing complexity.
Show how method overloading helps flexibility.
Demonstrate constructor chaining to reduce code.
Code:
java
CopyEdit
class Student {
String name;
int rollNo;
// Default constructor
Student() {
this("Unnamed", 0); // constructor chaining
}
// Parameterized constructor
Student(String name, int rollNo) {
[Link] = name;
[Link] = rollNo;
}
// Copy constructor
Student(Student s) {
[Link] = [Link];
[Link] = [Link];
}
double calculateGPA(double g1, double g2) {
return (g1 + g2) / 2;
}
double calculateGPA(double g1, double g2, double g3) {
return (g1 + g2 + g3) / 3;
}
double calculateGPA(double g1, double w1, double g2, double w2, double g3,
double w3) {
return (g1 * w1 + g2 * w2 + g3 * w3) / (w1 + w2 + w3);
}
}
