Problems 91
have today, and, as results are reported in the future, it will be refined and
modified accordingly.
Finally, Fig. 17 shows the progression of changes in behavior of a bed of
solids as the gas velocity is progressively increased.
3
EXAMPLE 4 Predict the mode of fluidization for particles of density p s = 1.5 g / c m at superficial
gas velocities of i 7 0 = 40 and 80 cm/s._ 3 3 4
Prediction of
(a) ûfp = 6 0 ^ m , p g = 1.5 x 1 0 3g / c m 3, = 2 1 0 ~ g/cm4 ·s
Flow Regime
(b) dp = 450 , p g = 1 x 1 0 ~ g/cm , = 2.5 1 0 ~ g/cm · s
SOLUTION
(a) The smaller particles. Equations (31 ) and (32) give
3 3
) ( 1 . 5 - 1 . 54x21 0 ~ ) ( 9 8 0 ) j 1 /3
d*=0.006\ 2.28
j~(1.5x 10" ( 2 x 1302" )
U 4( 1 . 5 10- ) _ 33 11/3
#=
° M ( (22 xx 1 0 "" ))((11..55-- 1.5
1.5 xx 110"
0 ) (ïï98oJ
980)-
= 0.07885 and 1.577, for u = 40 and 80 cm/s
Q
From Fig. 16, we have
at u0 = 40 cm/s: onset of turbulent fluidization in an ordinary bubbling
bed
at u0 = 80 cm/s: fast fluidization (requires a circulating solid system)
(b) The larger particles. Following the same procedure, we find
p 4 5( )0 42
12.89
'° L ( 2 . 5 X 1 02- ) J
U 4(0.001 ) 1/3
*° " ° [ ( 22..55x x 11 0 -" ) ( 1 . 5 - 0 . 0 0 1 )(980)-
= 0.559 and 1.12, for u = 40 and 80 cm/s
0
From Fig. 16, we can expect bubbling fluidization at both gas velocities.
P R O B L E M S
1. Calculate the minimum fluidizing velocity um
{ for a bed of crushed
anthracite coal fluidized by gas.
(a) Use information on 8 and e mf.
(b) Do not use information on 8 and e mf.
Data
3
Solids: ps = 2 g / c m , dp 3= 1003 , 8 = 0.63 4
Gas: p g = 1.22 X 1 0 " g / c m , = 1.8 X 1 0 " g/cm · s
Use Table 3 to estimate e mf.
92 C H A P T E R 3 — Fluidization and Mapping of Regimes
2. Calculate the minimum fluidizing velocity um f for a bed of microspherical
catalyst of wide size distribution ranging between 0 and 260 . Compare
your value with the experimental value o f w mf = 2 . 6 c m / s .
Data
3
Solids: p s = 1.83 g / c m3 , emf
3 = 0.45 4
Gas: p g= 1 X 1 0 ~ g/cm , = 1.7 1 0 ~ g/ cm · s
3Size frequency distribution
d px l 0 ( c m ) 5 8 10 12 14 15 16 17 18 20 22 24 26
(1/cm) 5 13 23 45 95 135 145 115 88 50 22 12 1
3. Calculate the minimum fluidizing velocity for a bed of large particles.
(a) Use the information given for e mf and 8.
(b) Do not use information on e mf and .8
Data
3
Solids: ps = 2.93 g / c m 3, d^ = 1 mm, 8 = 0.75, e mf = 0.5
Gas: p g = 0.01 g / c m , = 0.0003 g/cm · s
4. Calculate the terminal velocity of
(a) 10- m spheres
(b) 1-mm spheres
(c) 10- irregular particles, 8 = 0.67
(d) 1-mm irregular 3 particles, 3 3 4
8 =0.67
for p s = 2.5 g / c m , p g = 1.2 X 1 0 " g / c m , and = 1.8 X 1 0 " g/cm · s.
5. Estimate the mode of fluidization and describe the 3type of behavior
3
expected of a bed of particles of density p s = 1.5 4g / c m .
(a) dp = 100 , p g = 0.01 g / c m3 , = 3 X 10~ 4 g/cm · s, uQ = 40 c m / s
(b) dp = 1 mm, p g = 0.001 g / c m , = 2 X 1 0 " g/cm · s, uQ = 2 m / s
R E F E R E N C E S
1. F.A. Zenz and D.F. Othmer, Fluidization and 8. J.H. Perry, Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 3rd
Fluid Particle Systems, Van Nostrand Reinhold, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963.
New York, 1960. 9. T.H. Chilton and A.R Colburn, Trans. Am. Inst.
2. M. Leva, Fluidization, McGraw-Hill, New York, Chem. Eng., 26, 178 (1931).
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4. P.C. Carman, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 15, 150 12. CY. Wen and YH. Yu, AIChE ]., 12, 610 (1966).
(1937). 13. J.F. Richardson, in Fluidization, J.F. Davidson
5. M. Leva et al., Chem. Eng. Prog., 44, 511, 707 and H. Harrison, eds., p. 26, Academic Press,
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