Ex No: 5
Date:
DESIGN OF CAMPUS AREA NETWORK WITHIN A COLLEGE
CAMPUS EMPLOYING SUBNETTING
Aim:
A newly constructed block in your college is planning to provide internet
connection and also wants to make all the computers available in the block to be
interconnected. The new block is of ‘m’ floors and overall ‘n’ rooms in each floor,
also it has three buildings in its campus with the same capacity which are separated
by ‘x’ meters.
a. Identify the networking devices required for constructing the suitable
network.
b. List the features of the networking devices.
Recommend and design the best suitable network type based on installation cost,
performance, maintenance, and installation time.
Theory:
To provide an effective and interconnected network for the newly constructed block
in a college, it is essential to identify the appropriate networking devices and network
type. Here's a step-by-step guide to designing a suitable network for the scenario
described:
a. Networking Devices Required:
Routers:
Routers connect different networks, allowing communication between them.
They are crucial for internet connectivity and routing data between the local
network and the internet.
Switches:
Switches connect multiple devices within the same network, enabling them to
communicate efficiently. They manage data traffic and ensure that data is sent
only to its intended destination within the network.
Access Points (APs):
Access points provide wireless connectivity to devices. They extend the wired
network by creating a wireless local area network (WLAN), enabling mobile
devices to connect to the internet and the local network.
Network Cables (Ethernet cables, Fiber optic cables):
These cables physically connect devices to the network. Ethernet cables are
commonly used within buildings, while fiber optic cables are ideal for
connecting different buildings over longer distances due to their higher
bandwidth and lower latency.
b. Features of the Networking Devices
Routers:
● Dynamic routing capabilities
● Support for multiple network protocols (e.g., IPv4, IPv6)
● Quality of Service (QoS) features for traffic management
● Built-in firewall and VPN support
Switches:
● High port density for connecting many devices
● Support for VLANs (Virtual LANs) for network segmentation
● PoE (Power over Ethernet) support for powering devices like IP
cameras
● Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching capabilities
Access Points:
● Support for the latest Wi-Fi standards (e.g., Wi-Fi 6)
● Seamless roaming and load balancing features
● Multiple SSIDs for different user groups
● Security features like WPA3 encryption
Network Cables:
● Ethernet cables: Cat5e, Cat6, or Cat6a for different speed and distance
requirements
● Fiber optic cables: Single-mode or multi-mode for high-speed
long-distance connections
c. Recommended Network Type
Network Type: Campus Area Network (CAN)
Reasons for Recommendation:
● Installation Cost: Moderate cost as it utilizes existing Ethernet and fiber optic
cabling infrastructure efficiently.
● Performance: High performance with the use of fiber optics for building
interconnectivity and gigabit Ethernet within buildings.
● Maintenance: Relatively low maintenance due to centralized management
capabilities in modern networking equipment.
● Installation Time: Moderate installation time, leveraging structured cabling
systems and modular network components.
Design Overview:
Wired Backbone:
● Use fiber optic cables to connect the three buildings, ensuring
high-speed data transfer and minimal latency.
In-Building Network:
● Deploy gigabit Ethernet switches on each floor to connect rooms
and provide reliable wired connections.
● Use VLANs to segment the network logically for different
departments or functions.
Wireless Network:
● Install access points throughout the floors to provide wireless
connectivity, ensuring coverage in all rooms and common areas.
Internet Connectivity:
● Use a high-performance router to connect the entire block to the
internet, with redundancy options to prevent downtime.
This design ensures that the college's new block has a robust, high-performance
network that supports current needs and future expansion.
Procedure:
For a campus with three blocks, namely, UG block, Admin block and newly added
PG block, with following setup,
Admin Block – 136 hosts (68 per floor)
UG Block – 96 hosts (48 per floor)
PG Block – 52 hosts (26 per floor)
and assuming the original IP address assigned for the entire network is 192.168.1.0,
the following procedure can be implemented, employing subnetting.
ADMIN BLOCK:
136 hosts required.
Hence 256 host addresses can be provided to cover required 136.
256 = 28
No. of host addresses available = 28 – 2 = 256 – 2 = 254
No. of bits required for host address = 8
No. of bits required for network address = 32-8 = 24
Subnet mask representation: 192.168.1.0/24
Subnet IP address : 192.168.1.0
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0 (11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000)
Range of available IP addresses:
First IP address: 192.168.1.1
Last IP address: 192.168.1.254
(Note:192.168.1.255 IS USED FOR BROADCASTING)
UG BLOCK:
96 hosts required.
Hence 128 host addresses can be provided to cover required 96.
128 = 27
No. of host addresses available = 27 – 2 = 128 – 2 = 126
No. of bits required for host address = 7
No. of bits required for network address = 32-7 = 25
Subnet mask representation: 192.168.2.0/25
Subnet IP address : 192.168.2.0
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.128 (11111111 11111111 11111111 10000000)
Range of available IP addresses:
First IP address: 192.168.2.1
Last IP address: 192.168.2.126
NEW PG BLOCK
52 hosts required.
Hence 64 host addresses can be provided to cover required 52.
64 = 26
No. of host addresses available = 26 – 2 = 64 – 2 = 62
No. of bits required for host address = 6
No. of bits required for network address = 32-6 = 26
Subnet mask representation: 192.168.2.0/26
Subnet IP address : 192.168.2.128
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.192 (11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000)
Range of available IP addresses:
First IP address: 192.168.2.129
Last IP address: 192.168.2.190
ROUTER CONFIGURATION
3 routers minimum required, 1 for each of 3 blocks.
One router, commonly connected to other 2 routers.
Note: 1 router cannot have 2 serial connections with same IP domain. Hence IP
address for newly established PG block is assigned a different IP address extension.
Router 1 (ADMIN Block) & Router 2(UG Block) :
4 host addresses can be provided to cover required 2 routers (UG block & PG
Block).
4 = 22
No. of host addresses available = 22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
No. of bits required for host address = 2
No. of bits required for network address = 32-2 = 30
Subnet mask representation: 192.168.2.0/30
Subnet IP address : 192.168.2.192
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.252 (11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100)
Range of available IP addresses:
First IP address: 192.168.2.193
Last IP address: 192.168.2.194
Router 3 (PG Block)
Hence 4 host addresses can be provided.
4 = 22
No. of host addresses available = 22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2
No. of bits required for host address = 2
No. of bits required for network address = 32-2 = 30
Subnet mask representation: 192.168.3.0/30
Subnet IP address : 192.168.3.0
Subnet mask : 255.255.255.252 (11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100)
Range of available IP addresses:
First IP address: 192.168.3.1
Last IP address: 192.168.3.2
Router 1 (ADMIN Block)
Fastethernet 0/0 :
IP:192.168.1.100, Subnet mask : 255.255.255.0
Se 2/0 :
IP:192.168.2.193, Subnet mask : 255.255.255.252
Se 3/0 :
IP:192.168.3.1, Subnet mask : 255.255.255.252
Router 2(UG Block)
Fastethernet 0/0 :
IP:192.168.2.100, Subnet mask : 255.255.255.128
Se 2/0 :
IP:192.168.2.194, Subnet mask : 255.255.255.252
Router 3(PG Block)
Fastethernet 0/0 :
IP:192.168.2.190, Subnet mask : 255.255.255.192
Se 2/0 :
IP:192.168.3.2, Subnet mask : 255.255.255.252
SIMULATION OUTPUT/OUTPUT:
Router Configuration: Ethernet & serial interface
Router Configuration: Static Routing
Result:
Thus, a Campus Area Network was established, employing subnetting and providing
a reliable network for a new PG Block, along with 2 existing blocks, UG block and
Admin Block. The design was implemented and communication simulated
successfully, on Cisco Packet tracer platform.
