Experiment Protocol For Endothermic Salt
Reactions
Experiment 1: Urea and Potassium Chloride (KCl) with Water
Purpose:
To study the endothermic dissolution of Urea and Potassium Chloride (KCl) in water and to
regenerate the salts through evaporation.
Background & Hypothesis:
Both Urea and KCl dissolve endothermically in water, absorbing heat and causing a
temperature drop. The salts can be recovered by evaporating the water.
Materials & Equipment:
- Urea
- Potassium chloride
- Distilled water
- Beaker (100 mL)
- Stirring rod
- Digital thermometer
- Weighing balance
- Hot plate
- Evaporation dish
Safety:
Wear gloves and goggles. Avoid inhaling dust. Handle hot equipment carefully. Dispose of
solutions safely.
Procedure:
Part A: Dissolution
1. Measure 50 mL distilled water into two beakers.
2. Record initial temperature of both.
3. Weigh 10 g Urea and 10 g KCl separately.
4. Add Urea in one beaker and KCl in the other; stir continuously until fully dissolved.
5. Record temperature every 30 seconds until stable.
6. Note final temperatures.
Part B: Regeneration
1. Transfer each solution into separate evaporation dishes.
2. Heat gently on a hot plate (not exceeding 100°C) until water evaporates.
3. Allow remaining solids to cool.
4. Collect the recrystallized Urea and KCl.
Observations:
Experiment 2: Sodium Sulfate Decahydrate (Glauber’s Salt) and
Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate (Epsom Salt) with Water
Purpose:
To observe the endothermic dissolution of Glauber’s Salt and Epsom Salt in water and
regenerate these salts through crystallization.
Background & Hypothesis:
Both salts dissolve endothermically and can be recrystallized by slow evaporation to
maintain hydration states.
Materials & Equipment:
- Sodium sulfate decahydrate
- Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
- Distilled water
- Beaker (100 mL)
- Stirring rod
- Digital thermometer
- Weighing balance
- Hot plate
- Evaporation dish
Safety:
Wear gloves and goggles. Safe under normal laboratory conditions. Dispose of waste
properly.
Procedure:
Part A: Dissolution
1. Measure 50 mL distilled water into two beakers.
2. Record initial temperature of both.
3. Weigh 10 g Glauber’s Salt and 10 g Epsom Salt separately.
4. Dissolve each salt into separate beakers with stirring.
5. Record temperature every 30 seconds until constant.
6. Note final temperatures.
Part B: Regeneration
1. Transfer solutions to separate evaporation dishes.
2. Gently heat to evaporate water (below 60°C to preserve hydration).
3. Allow crystals to form.
4. Collect recrystallized Glauber’s and Epsom salts.
Observations:
Experiment 3: Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate with Water
Purpose:
To observe the heat change during dissolution of Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate in water
and to regenerate the salt through crystallization.
Background & Hypothesis:
Calcium chloride hexahydrate may release heat on dissolving (mildly exothermic), and can
be recrystallized by careful evaporation.
Materials & Equipment:
- Calcium chloride hexahydrate
- Distilled water
- Beaker (100 mL)
- Stirring rod
- Digital thermometer
- Weighing balance
- Hot plate
- Evaporation dish
Safety:
Corrosive; wear gloves and goggles. Avoid skin/eye contact. Handle heated equipment
carefully.
Procedure:
Part A: Dissolution
1. Measure 50 mL distilled water into a beaker.
2. Record initial temperature.
3. Weigh 10 g Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate.
4. Stir into water until fully dissolved.
5. Record temperature every 30 seconds until stable.
6. Note final temperature.
Part B: Regeneration
1. Transfer solution into evaporation dish.
2. Heat gently (<60°C) to evaporate water slowly.
3. Cool to allow recrystallization.
4. Collect Calcium Chloride Hexahydrate crystals.
Observations:
