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The Convention On Biological Diversity

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty aimed at conserving and sustainably using the world's biological resources, ratified by nearly 200 countries since its inception in 1993. Its core objectives include the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of resources, and equitable sharing of benefits, supported by key protocols like the Cartagena and Nagoya Protocols. The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aims to halt biodiversity loss by 2030, with a focus on protecting 30% of the world's land and oceans, although challenges in implementation and financing persist.

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102 views2 pages

The Convention On Biological Diversity

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is an international treaty aimed at conserving and sustainably using the world's biological resources, ratified by nearly 200 countries since its inception in 1993. Its core objectives include the conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of resources, and equitable sharing of benefits, supported by key protocols like the Cartagena and Nagoya Protocols. The recent Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework aims to halt biodiversity loss by 2030, with a focus on protecting 30% of the world's land and oceans, although challenges in implementation and financing persist.

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gargi4a16
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The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a landmark

international treaty dedicated to the conservation and sustainable use of the


world's biological resources. It was opened for signature at the 1992 Earth
Summit in Rio de Janeiro and entered into force on December 29, 1993. Today, it
has been ratified by nearly 200 countries, making it one of the most widely
supported environmental agreements globally.
🌿 Objectives of the CBD
The Convention is built around three core objectives:
1. Conservation of biological diversity – protecting the variety of life on Earth,
including species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity.
2. Sustainable use of its components – ensuring that biodiversity is used in ways
that do not lead to its long-term decline.
3. Fair and equitable sharing of benefits – ensuring that benefits arising from the
use of genetic resources are shared fairly, especially with countries and
communities that provide these resources .
🧬 KEY Protocols
The CBD addresses biodiversity at all levels—ecosystems, species, and genetic
resources—and encompasses various sectors including agriculture, forestry,
fisheries, biotechnology, and traditional knowledge. Two major legally binding
protocols have been adopted under the CBD:
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (2003) – Focuses on the safe handling and
transfer of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from biotechnology.
Nagoya Protocol (2014) – Establishes legal frameworks for access to genetic
resources and equitable benefit-sharing, particularly important for indigenous
communities and biodiversity-rich countries.
🌍 Global Biodiversity Framework and COP16
In December 2022, the CBD adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity
Framework, which includes 23 targets to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by
2030. One of the most ambitious goals is the "30 by 30" initiative, aiming to
protect 30% of the world’s land and oceans by 2030.

The latest Conference of the Parties (COP16) was held in Cali, Colombia, in
October 2024. It focused on translating these commitments into national action
plans and securing adequate funding. However, progress has been uneven, with
many countries, including India, yet to submit detailed implementation strategies.
Financing remains a critical issue, with a goal of mobilizing $200 billion annually
for biodiversity conservation.
Global Participation
While the CBD enjoys near-universal participation, the United States remains the
only major country that has signed but not ratified the treaty. Despite this, the
U.S. informally supports several CBD goals, such as the "30 by 30" target.

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