Geography Grade 12 August Test
Geography
Grade 12
Test Two
August 2022
Total: 60
Marking Guideline
Geography Grade 12 August Test
This marking guideline consists of 13 pages
Question 1
1.1
1.1.1 C mining (1)
1.1.2 G manufacturing (1)
1.1.3 H international trade (1)
1.1.4 A information technology (1)
1.1.5 F vegetable garden (1)
1.1.6 D local trade (1)
1.1.7 I sugar cane plantation (1)
1.1.8 B roads, railway and communication (8 x 1)(8)
1.2
1.2.1 Market orientated (1)
1.2.2 Ubiquitous (1)
1.2.3 Footloose (1)
1.2.4 Raw material-orientated/heavy (1)
1.2.5 Heavy (1)
1.2.6 Bridge (1)
1.2.7 Light (1) (1x7)(7)
1.3
1.3.1 Johannesburg (1) (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.2 33.8% of the national GDP in current prices (1)
45% of SA's total economic output (1) (2 x 1) (2)
1.3.3 Abundant raw materials from towns found near industries (2)
Availability of cheaper energy supply mined in local area and transmitted over
short distances by ESKOM (2)
Availability of water and strategic water transfer schemes (2)
Well established transport infrastructure in the form of road, rail and air to
access raw materials and markets (2)
Available flat land facilitates easy construction of infrastructure (2)
Pretoria as an administrative capital marketed the region for industrial
development (2)
Availability of skilled/unskilled labour from high population (2)
Large population serving as a base for buying power/market (2)
Many institutions for skills development and research (2)
Railway linked to Maputo harbour for exports (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
Geography Grade 12 August Test
1.3.4 (a) This region generally does not receive enough rainfall during the year (2)
High evaporation rates reduces the water supply (2)
There is high competing demand for water from different sectors of the
economy (2)
High concentration of people in the region increases the demand of water
for domestic use (2)
Poor management (accept examples) of existing water resources reduces
the supply even further (2)
Water transfer schemes are costly (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
(b) Water transfer schemes allow for water to be transferred to PWV
(Gauteng) Industrial Region (2)
Tugela Vaal water transfer scheme allows water from the Tugela River
in
KZN to be transferred to the Vaal Dam (2)
Lesotho Highlands project allows water from the Katse Dam to be
transferred to the Vaal Dam (2)
Recycling of water puts less pressure on the usage of the water (2)
Water restrictions (2)
Higher tariffs to limit the usage of water increasing (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2) (2)
(c) High influx of people from other parts of South Africa (2)
High influx of illegal immigrants exceeding amount of employment
opportunities available (2)
Increase in unskilled labour force (2)
Lack of Fourth Industrial Revolution skills (2)
Retrenchments due to unstable economic climate (2)
COVID-19 restrictions and protocols (2)
Industries use machinery/robots to do work which replaces people (2)
Lack of work experience (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2) (4)
1.4
1.4.1 Decreases (1) (1 x 1)(1)
1.4.2 Labour costs/safety (1)
Energy costs (1) (2 x 1)(2)
1.4.3 Reduction in gold reserves/ore (2)
Gold is a non-renewable resource (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2)(2)
Geography Grade 12 August Test
1.4.4 Digital technology is expensive and will add to production costs (2)
Unskilled labourers may break/damage equipment (2)
Digital technology requires skilled labour that would require competitive
market salaries (2)
Technical glitches with equipment would hamper production (2)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 2)(2)
1.4.5 Strike action for better wages and benefits (2)
Factional fighting between locals and migrant miners (2)
HIV and Aids causes high absenteeism (2)
HIV and Aids pandemic results in a loss of skilled labourers (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2)(4)
1.4.6 Workers should be given shares/profit sharing to provide an incentive to
increase production (2)
Improve salary adjustments to be in sync with the CPI (2)
Create more collective bargaining councils to improve incentives and working
conditions for miners (2)
Improve benefits of workers (medical aid, housing etc.) (2)
Improve safety in mines (examples) (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2)(4)
1.5
1.5.1 6,14 million (1) (1 x 1)(1)
1.5.2 ‘... is one of the highest rates in the world; (1)
6,10 million people out of work (1)
South Africa has a job crisis (1)
Unemployment rate is 27,1% (1)
[ANY ONE] (1 x 1)(1)
1.5.3 Provides jobs (1)
Allows people with no formal education/skills to work (1)
Important space for entrepreneurs (1)
ANY ONE] (1 x 1)(1)
1.5.4 They are frequently harassed by local authorities (2)
A lack of access to proper trading facilities (2)
No storage facilities for their goods (2)
They do not have skills or formal education (2)
They cannot obtain credit/loans from banks (2)
Forced to borrow from money lenders at high interest rates (2)
High transport costs to access markets (2)
[ANY TWO] (2 x 2)(4)
Geography Grade 12 August Test
1.5.5 Reduces profits of formal sector as they sell cheaper goods (2)
Formal sector will thus make a smaller contribution to the economy through
taxes (2)
Formal sector businesses may have to close (2)
Loss of jobs in the formal sector (2)
This increases the amount of people who now turn to the informal sector (2)
Clutter formal business areas/causing litter (2)
Associated with noise pollution in formal business areas (2)
Discourages people supporting formal businesses (2)
They spoil the aesthetics of the area discouraging further formal investment
Encourages crime in these formal business areas (2)
[ANY FOUR] (4 x 2)(8)
Geography Grade 12 August Test
