MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
Part 1: Using the Metric Q12. Human red blood cells are about __
____ in diameter
System to Express the Sizes of
Answer: 7 μm
Microbes Q13. True or False: The sizes of bacteria
Q1. In microbiology, ____ ______ are and protozoa are usually expressed in
used to express the sizes of microbes terms of micrometers.
Answer: Metric Units Answer: True
Q2. What are the two metric units primarily Q14. For example, a typical spherical
used in microbiology is expressing the bacterium (coccus; pl., cocci) is
sizes of microbes? approximately _ __in diameter.
Answer: Micrometers and Nanometer Answer: 1 μm
Q3. The basic unit of length in the metric Q15. coccus., cocci means
system, the meter (m), is equivalent to Answer: spherical bacterium
approximately inches (in) and is, therefore, Q16. The sizes of viruses are expressed
about 3.4 in longer than a yard. in _________.
Answer: 39.4 inches Answer: Nanometer
1
Q4. A meter may be divided into 10 (10 ) Q17. How many cocci could fit side by
equally spaced units called _________. side across a human red blood cell?
Answer: Decimeters Answer: Seven
2
Q5. 100 (10 ) Q18. If the head of a pin was 1 mm (1,000
Answer: Centimeters μm) in diameter, then how many cocci
3
Q6. 1,000 (10 ) could be placed side by side on the
Answer: Millimeters pinhead?
6
Q7. 1 million (10 ) Answer: 1,000 cocci
Answer: Micrometers Q19. A typical rod-shaped bacterium
9
Q8. 1 billion (10 ) (bacillus; pl., bacilli) is about _ __ wide x _
Answer: Nanometers __ long, although some bacilli are shorter,
Q9. It should be noted that the old term and some form very long filaments.
_______ (μ) has been replaced by the Answer: 1 μm; 3 μm
term micrometer (μm). Q20. bacillus., pl. bacilli means
Answer: micron Answer: rod-shaped bacterium
Q10. It should be noted that the old term Q21. Most of the viruses that cause
_______ (mμ) has been replaced by the human disease range in size from about
term nanometer (nm) __ to ___ nm.
Answer: millimicron Answer: 10 - 300
Q11. An ________ (Å) is 0.1 nm. Q21. This virus can cause hemorrhagic
Answer: Angstrom fever.
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Answer: Ebola virus Additional Questions:
Q22. Ebola virus can be as long as Q29. The Greek letter _ is pronounced
______ nm. “mew.”
Answer: 1,000 nm or 1 μm Answer: μ
Q23. Some very large protozoa reach a Q30. _______ letters are frequently used
length of _____________. in science, including the science of
Answer: 2,000 μm (2 mm) microbiology.
Q24. In the microbiology laboratory, the Answer: Greek
sizes of cellular microbes are measured *Not necessary to memorize Table 2-1*
using an _____ __________, a tiny ruler
within the eyepiece (ocular) of the Part 2: Microscopes
compound light microscope. Q31. They can be thought of as various
Answer: ocular micrometer types of optical instruments.
Q25. Before the ocular micrometer is used Answer:
to measure objects, it must first be - Human eye
calibrated, using a measuring device - Telescope
called a _______ ________. - Pair of binoculars
Answer: Stage Micrometer - Magnifying glass
Q26. True or False: Calibration must be - Microscope
performed for each of the objective lenses Q32. A __________ is an optical
to determine the distance between the instrument that is used to observe tiny
marks on the ocular micrometer. The objects, often objects that cannot be seen
ocular micrometer can then be used to at all with the unaided human eye (the
measure lengths and widths of microbes “naked eye”).
and other objects on the specimen slide. Answer: microscope
Answer: True Q32. Unaided human eye is also known
Q27. An _________ ________ is used to as ____ ____.
measure the dimensions of objects Answer: Naked eye
being viewed with a compound light Q33. Each optical instrument has a limit
microscope. as to what can be seen using that
Answer: Ocular micrometer instrument. This limit is referred to as the
Q28. ________ is one of the smallest _________ _________ or _______ of the
virusesthat infect humans. instrument
Answer: Poliovirus Answer: resolving power or resolution
Q29. _________ is one of the biggest
bacteria that infects humans.
Answer: Staphyloccocus
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
Part 2.1: Table 2-2 Characteristics of Q42. What type of microscope has the
Various types of Microscopes following characteristics: Can be used to
Q34. What is the resolving power of observe unstained living microorganisms.
Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase-contrast, Answer: Phase-contrast microscope
Fluorescence (BDPH)? Note: All four have Q43. What type of microscope has the
the same resolving power. following characteristics:
Answer: 0.2000 μm
Q35. What is the useful magnification of
Brightfield, Darkfield, Phase-contrast, Answer: Fluorescence microscope
Fluorescence (BDPH)? Note: All four have Q44. What type of microscope has the
the same useful magnification? following characteristics:
Answer: x1,000
Q36. What is the resolving power of
Transmission Electron Microscopes?
Answer: 0.0002 mm (0.2 nm)
Answer: Transmission electron
Q37. What is the useful magnification of
microscope
Transmission Electron Microscopes
Q45. What type of microscope has the
(TEM)?
following characteristics:
Answer: x200,000
Q38. What is the resolving power of
Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)?
Answer: 0.0200 mm (20 nm)
Q39. What is the useful magnification of Answer: Scanning Electron
Scanning Electron Microscopes? Microscopes
Answer: x10,000
Q40. What type of microscope has the Part 2.2: Simple Microscope
following characteristics: Q46. A _____ ________ is defined as a
microscope containing only one
magnifying lens.
Answer: simple microscope
Answer: Brightfield microscope Q47. This is an example of a simple
Q41. What type of microscope has the microscope.
following characteristics: Answer: Magnifying glass
Q48. Images seen when using a
magnifying glass usually appear about _
Answer: Darkfield microscope to __ times larger than the object’s actual
size.
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Answer: 3 to 20 Q56. Because visible light (from a built-in
Q49. During the late 1600s, he used light bulb) is used as the source of
simple microscopes to observe many tiny illumination, the compound microscope is
objects, including bacteria and protozoa. also referred to as a ________ ________
Answer: Anton van Leeuwenhoek _________.
Q50. Because of his unique ability to grind Answer: compound light microscope
glass lenses, scientists believe that Q57. It is the __________ of visible light
Leeuwenhoek’s simple microscopes had a (approximately 0.45 μm) that limits the
maximum magnifying power of about size of objects that can be seen using the
_______ (__ ______) compound light microscope
Answer: x300 (300 times) Answer: wavelength
Q58. What is the approximate wavelength
Part 2.3: Compound Microscopes of visible light?
Q51. A ________ _________ is a Answer: 0.45 μm
microscope that contains more than one Q59. When using the compound light
magnifying lens. microscope, objects cannot be seen if they
Answer: Compound microscope are smaller than half of the wavelength of
Q52. True or False: A simple microscope visible light (i.e., smaller than about
contains only one magnifying lens ______ μm).
whereas a compound microscope Answer: 0.225 μm
contains more than one magnifying Q60. The compound light microscopes
lens. used in today’s laboratories contain how
Answer: True many magnifying lens systems?
Q53. Although the first person to construct Answer: two magnifying systems
and use a compound microscope is not Q61. One of the two magnifying lens
known with certainty, ______ _________ systems in compound light microscopes. It
and his son _________ are often given is within the eyepiece or ocular and is
credit for being the firs called the ______ ____; it usually has a
Answer: Hans Jansen; Zacharias magnifying power of x10.
Q54. Compound light microscopes usually Answer: ocular lens
magnify objects about ______ times. Q62. The second magnifying lens system
Answer: 1,000 times is in the ________, which is positioned
Q55. Photographs taken through the lens immediately above the object to be
system of compound microscopes are viewed.
called ___________. Answer: objective
Answer: Photomicrographs
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Q63. What are the four objectives used in Q70. Usually, specimens are first
most laboratory compound light observed using the ___ objective.
microscopes? Answer: x10
Answer: Q71. Once the specimen is in focus, the
- x40 highpower or “____-_____” objective is
- x10 then swung into position.
- x40 Answer: high-dry
- x100 Q72. High-dry objective is also known as
Q64. True or False: Total magnification is ________.
calculated by multiplying the magnifying Answer: Highpower
power of the ocular (x10) by the Q73. This lens can be used to study
magnifying power of the objective that you algae, protozoa, and other large
are using. microorganisms.
Answer: True Answer: High-dry objective
Q65. x4 is known as the _______ Q74. This objective (total magnification =
objective (x40 total magnification when x1,000) must be used to study bacteria,
objective is used in conjunction with a x10 because they are so tiny.
ocular lens). Answer: oil-immersion objective
Answer: scanning Q75. A drop of________ ___ must first be
Q66. x10 is known as the ____-______ placed between the specimen and the
objective (x100 total magnification when objective; it reduces the scattering of light
objective is used in conjunction with a x10 and ensures that the light will enter the
ocular lens). oil-immersion lens. The oil-immersion
Answer: low-power objective cannot be used without
Q67. x40 is known as the ____-_____ immersion oil. However, this is not
objective (x400 total magnification when required when using the other objectives.
objective is used in conjunction with a x10 Answer: immersion oil
ocular lens). Q76. True or False: For optimal
Answer: high-dry observation of the specimen, the light
Q68. x100 is known as the ____-_______ must be properly adjusted and focused.
objective (1,000 total magnification when Answer: True
objective is used in conjunction with a x10 Q77. The ________, located beneath the
ocular lens). stage, focuses light onto the specimen,
Answer: oil-immersion adjusts the amount of light, and shapes
Q69. The __ objective is rarely used in the cone of light entering the objective.’
microbiology laboratories. Answer: Condenser
Answer: x4
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Q78. True or False: Generally, the higher Q84. An optical instrument’s ability to
the magnification, the more light that is distinguish between two adjacent objects
needed. As magnification is increased, the is called the ________ or ________.
amount of light striking the object being Answer: Resolving power or resolution
examined must also be increased. Q85. What is the resolving power of the
Answer: True unaided human eye?
Q79. As magnification is increased, the Answer: 0.2 mm
amount of light striking the object being Q86. If two objects are moved closer and
examined must also be increased. What closer together, there comes a point when
are the three ways to accomplish this? the objects are so close together that the
Answer: lens system can no longer resolve them
- (a) by opening the iris as two separate objects (i.e., they are so
diaphragm in the condenser close together that they appear to be one
- (b) by opening the field object). That distance between them, at
diaphragm which they cease to be seen as separate
- (c) by increasing the intensity of objects, is referred to as the ________
light being emitted from the ____ of the optical instrument.
microscope’s light bulb, by Answer: resolving power
turning the rheostat knob Q87. True or False: Knowing the resolving
clockwise. power of an optical instrument also
Q80. True or False: Turning the knob that defines the smallest object that can be
raises and lowers the condenser is an seen with that instrument. For example,
incorrect way to adjust lighting. the resolving power of the unaided human
Answer: True eye is approximately 0.2 mm. Thus, the
Q81. Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes were unaided human eye is unable to see
very simple devices. Each had a tiny objects smaller than 0.2 mm in diameter.
glass lens, mounted in a _____ ______. Answer: True
Answer: brass plate Q88. The resolving power of the
Q82. Leeuwenhoek’s microscopes were compound light microscope is
about _ to _ inches long. approximately _______ times better than
Answer: 3 to 4 the resolving power of the unaided human
Q83. Magnification alone is of little value eye.
unless the enlarged image possesses Answer: 1,000 times
increased detail and clarity. Image clarity Q89. The resolving power of the
depends on the microscope’s _________ compound light microscope is
______ or ___________. approximately________, which is
Answer: resolving power or resolution
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
approximatelyone half the Answer: Darkfield microscope
wavelength of visible light. Q95. True or False: When using a
Answer: 0.2 μm brightfield microscope, a person
Q90. True or False: Objects can be observes objects againsta bright
examined with the compound microscope background. When using a darkfield
that are as much as 1,000 times smaller microscope, a person observes
than the smallest objects that can be seen illuminated objects against a dark
with the unaided human eye. Using a background.
compound light microscope, we can see Answer: True
objects down to about 0.2 μm in diameter. Q96. In the clinical microbiology
Answer: True laboratory, darkfield microscopy is
Q91. True or False: Additional magnifying routinely used to diagnose ________
lenses could be added to the compound __________ (the initial stage of syphilis).
light microscope, but this would not Answer: Primary syphilis
increase the resolving power. As long as Q97. Primary syphilis is also known as
visible light is used as the source of ______ ______ _ _______.
illumination, objects smaller than half of Answer: Initial stage of syphilis
the wavelength of visible light cannot be Q98. The etiologic (causative) agent of
seen. syphilis—a spiral-shaped bacterium,
Answer: True named _______ ________–—cannot be
Q92. Increasing magnification without seen with a brightfield microscope
increasing the resolving power is called because it is thinner than 0.2 μm and,
________ _________. therefore, is beneath the resolving power
Answer: empty magnification of the compound light microscope.
Q93. Because objects are observed Answer: Treponema pallidum
against a bright background (or “bright Q99. Etiologic means
field”) when using a compound light Answer: causative
microscope, that microscope is sometimes Q100. __________ ________ can be
referred to as a ________ seen using a darkfield microscope,
_____________. however, much in the same way that you
Answer: Brightfield microscope can “see” dust particles in a beam of
Q94. If the regularly used condenser is sunlight.
replaced with what is known as a darkfield Answer: Treponema pallidum
condenser, illuminated objects are seen Q101. True or False: Dust particles are
against a dark background (or “dark field”), actually beneath the resolving power of
and the microscope has been converted the unaided eye and, therefore, cannot
into a ____________ __________. really be seen. What you see in the beam
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
is sunlight being reflected off the dust Part 2.4: Parts of a Modern Compound
particles. With the darkfield microscope, Light Microscope
laboratory technologists do not really see Direction: Label the parts of a modern
the treponemes—they see the light being compound light microscope.
reflected off the bacteria, and that light is
easily seen against the dark background.
Answer: True
Q102. This type of microscope can be
used to observe unstained living
microorganisms. Because the light
refracted by living cells is different from
the light refracted by the surrounding
medium, contrast is increased, and the
organisms are more easily seen.
Answer: Phase-contrast microscopes
Q103. This type of microscope contains a
built-in ultraviolet (UV) light source. When
UV light strikes certain dyes and pigments,
these substances emit a longer Answer:
wavelength light, causing them to glow
against a dark background.
Answer: Fluorescence microscope
Q104. __________ ________ is often
used in immunology laboratories to
demonstrate that antibodies stained with a
fluorescent dye have combined with
specific antigens; this is a type of
immunodiagnostic procedure.
Answer: Fluorescence microscopy
Q105. Fluorescence microscopy is often
used in immunology laboratories to
demonstrate that antibodies stained with a
fluorescent dye have combined with
specific antigens; what type of procedure
is this?
Answer: Immunodiagnostic procedure
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
Part 2.5: Table 2-3: Components of the much greater resolving power than
Compound Light Microscope and their compound light microscopes.
Locations and Functions Answer: 100,000 times
To study the table, access thee link below: Q111. What are the two types of electron
https://quizlet.com/user/Oliver_Cupido/fold microscopes?
ers/components-of-the-compound-light-mi Answer:
croscope - Transmission electron
microscopes (TEMs)
Part 2.6: Electron Microscopes - Scanning electron microscopes
Q106. Although extremely small infectious (SEMs)
agents, such as _____ and _______ Q112. A _____ has a tall column, at the
viruses, were known to exist, they could top of which an electron gun fires a beam
not be seen until the electron microscope of electrons downward.
was developed. Answer: Transmission electron
Answer: Rabies and smallpox microscope (TEM)
Q107. True or False: It should be noted Q113. When an extremely thin specimen
that electron microscopes cannot be used (less than 1 μm thick) is placed into the
to observe living organisms. Organisms electron beam, some of the electrons are
are killed during the specimen-processing transmitted through the specimen, and
procedures. some are _______.
Answer: True Answer: blocked
Q108. True or False: Even if organisms Q114. An image of the specimen is
are not killed before putting it into the produced on a __________-_______
electron microscope, they would be screen at the bottom of the microscope’s
unable to survive in the vacuum created column.
within the electron microscope. Answer: phosphor-coated screen
Answer: True Q115. In TEM, The object can be
Q109. ________ ____________ use an magnified up to approximately ______
electron beam as a source of illumination times.
and magnets to focus the beam. Answer: 1 million
Answer: Electron microscopes Q116. Using a TEM, a magnification is
Q110. Because the wavelength of achieved that is about ____ times greater
electrons traveling in a vacuum is much than the maximum magnification achieved
shorter than the wavelength of visible using a compound light microscope.
light—about _________ times Answer: 1,000 times
shorter—electron microscopes have a Q117. Tiny microbes such as _____ can
be observed using a TEM.
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
Answer: viruses Q125. They are used to observe the outer
Q118. Because thin sections of cells are surfaces of specimens (i.e., surface
examined, transmission electron detail).
microscopy enables scientists to study the Answer: Scanning electron
________ structure of cells. microscopes (SEMs)
Answer: internal Q126. True or False: Although the
Q119. True or False: Special staining resolving power of SEMs (about 20 nm) is
procedures are used to increase contrast not quite as good as the resolving power
between different parts of the cell. of TEMs (about 0.2 nm), it is still possible
Answer: True to observe extremely tiny objects using an
Q120. True or False: The resolving power SEM.
of a TEM is approximately 0.2 nm, which Answer: True
is about 1 million times better than the Q127. What is the resolving power of
resolving power of the unaided human SEM?
eye and 1,000 times better than the Answer: 20 nm
resolving power of the compound light Q128. SEMs became available during the
microscope. late _____.
Answer: True Answer: 1960s
Q121. The first TEMs were developed Q129. True or False: Both types of
during the late ____ and early _____. electron microscopes have built-in camera
Answer: 1920s; 1930s systems.
Q122. It was not until the early ____ that Answer: True
electron microscopes began to be used Q130. The photographs taken using TEM
routinely to study cells are called __________ ___________
Answer: 1950s ________.
Q123. This type of electron microscope Answer: Transmission electron
has a shorter column, and instead of micrographs
being placed into the electron beam, the Q131. The photographs taken using SEM
specimen is placed at the bottom of the are called _________ _________
column. _______.
Answer: Scanning electron Answer: Scanning electron
microscope (SEM) micrographs
Q124. Electrons that bounce off the Q132. What color of images are observed
surface of the specimen are captured by in these micrographs?
________, and an image of the specimen Answer: black and white
appears on a monitor.
Answer: detectors
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
Part 2.7: Atomic Force Microscopes Q141. True or False: When the tip is
Q133. True or False: Neither TEMs nor brought in proximity to a sample surface,
SEMs enable scientists to observe live forces between the tip and the sample
microbes because of the required lead to a deflection of the cantilever.
specimen-processing procedures and Answer: True
subjection of the specimens to a vacuum. Q142. Typically, the deflection is
Answer: True measured using a laser spot reflected
Q134. ________ ______ ___________ from the top surface of the cantilever into
(____) enables scientists to observe living an array of ________, creating an image
cells at extremely high magnification and on a monitor screen.
resolution under physiological conditions. Answer: photodiodes
Answer: Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
Q135. Using this, it is possible to observe Part 2.8: Figure 2-14: Atomic Force
single live cells in aqueous solutions Microscope
where dynamic physiological processes Direction: Label the parts of an Atomic
can be observed in real time. Force Microscope (AFM)
Answer: Atomic force microscopy
(AFM)
Q136. True or False: Unlike the SEM,
which provides a two- dimensional image
of a sample, the AFM provides a true
three-dimensional surface profile.
Answer: True
Q137. SEM provides ___-dimensional
image of a sample.
Answer: 2D
Q138. AFM provides ___-dimensional
Answer:
surface profile.
Answer: 3D
Q139. In AFM, a silicon or _______
________ _______ having a sharp tip
(probe) at its end is used to scan the
specimen surface.
Answer: silicone nitride cantilever
Q140. Sharp tip is known as
Answer: probe
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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY | MOCK QUIZ
Answers:
1. d
2. b
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. b
7. a
8. d
9. b
10. b
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