Genetically Modified
Wheat, Wheat
Intolerance, and Food
Safety Concerns
Hanim ‘Aqilah Azmi (2218882)
Introduction
Can cause health problem like:
1. Coeliac Disease (CD)
2. Wheat allergy
3. Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS)
Utilizing RNA interference (RNAi) to remove the
harmful proteins in wheat.
Wheat
The paper also highlight the effect of sulfur-based fertilizers
to the composition of α-gliadin in wheat.
Biotechnological
concept
RNA interference (RNAi): A technique used to silence specific genes in wheat that
produce immunogenic gluten proteins (e.g., α-gliadin, ω5-gliadin).
Scientists developed GM wheat lines with:
1. Reduced gluten content (up to 97% less).
2. Better nutritional properties (e.g., more lysine).
3. Maintained baking quality similar to normal wheat.
Metabolomics is used to ensure food safety by analyzing all plant metabolites and
detecting any unintended changes.
Results
1 2
RNAi silencing of alpha-gliadin genes RNAi wheat line retained baking and sensory
improved the wheat's tolerance to over- qualities comparable to those of regular flour but
contained 97% less gliadin. Additionally, the
mixing, resulting in enhanced bread-making
modified wheat showed improved nutritional value
qualities. Gil-Humanes et al. evaluated the
due to a higher lysine content, an essential amino
physical characteristics and gliadin content acid. Although no clinical trials were conducted, the
of the wheat to estimate the safe amount study suggested that CD patients could safely
of bread that could be consumed by consume up to 67 grams of the bread daily, based
individuals with celiac disease (CD) on the maximum gluten intake limits established by
Catassi et al.
Ethical concern
Food safety: Worries about unknown effects of gene silencing on other wheat proteins
or human health.
Transparency and labeling: Consumers may want the right to know if food is
genetically modified.
Long-term health effects: Lack of clinical trials makes it unclear whether GM wheat is
fully safe, especially for people with WDEIA or wheat allergies.
Environmental concerns: Impact of GM crops on biodiversity and ecosystem not fully
known.
Corporate control: Patents on GM seeds can put power in the hands of a few
companies, limiting farmer independence.
Islamic Perspectives
Halal or Haram?
GM wheat is not automatically haram (forbidden), unless it causes harm or uses haram substances.
If proven beneficial and safe, it may be halal or even maslahah (in the public interest).
Qur'anic principles:
“And do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction…” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:195) – indicates need
for safety.
“He has made lawful for you all good things…” (Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:4) – GM wheat may be allowed if it improves
health and nutrition.
Scholarly opinions:
Many Islamic scholars permit GM food if it does not involve haram ingredients and is proven safe (e.g., fatwas
from JAKIM and IFANCA).
The concept of Istihsan (public benefit) may support using GM wheat to help those with health issues.
My Opinions
“GM wheat offers real hope for people who suffer from gluten
intolerance, especially those who don’t respond well to a
gluten-free diet.
While the technology looks promising, proper testing,
transparency, and regulation are needed before it is widely
adopted.
From an Islamic view, it is acceptable if safety is confirmed
and it truly helps people – aligning with the principles of
maslahah”
Conclusion
Genetically modified wheat created through RNA interference offers a potential solution for
people suffering from coeliac disease and other wheat-related disorders. By removing harmful
gluten proteins, this technology could make wheat safe and nutritious for those who
currently cannot consume it. However, concerns about long-term health effects, food safety,
and environmental impact must be addressed through thorough research and clinical trials.
From an Islamic perspective, GM wheat is permissible if it does not involve anything haram
and brings clear health benefits. The principle of maslahah supports innovations that serve the
public good, especially when they help reduce suffering.
In conclusion, GM wheat has the potential to improve lives, but its development must be guided
by safety, ethics, and respect for religious values.
Thank You
