Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

DALUBHASAAN NG LUNGSOD NG LUCENA

Course Title Readings in Philippine History

No. of Units 3 units
Instructor Mark Anthony H. Salvania
Course Description

Philippine History viewed from the lens of selected primary sources in different periods, analysis and interpretations.

The course aims to expose students to different facets of Philippine history through the lens of eyewitnesses. Rather than rely on secondary materials such as
textbooks, which is the usual approach in teaching Philippine history, different types of primary sources will be used — written (qualitative and quantitative),
oral, visual, audio-visual digital — covering various aspects of Philippine life (political, economic, social, cultural). Students are expected to analyze the
selected readings contextually and in terms of content (stated and implied). The end goal is to enable students to understand and appreciate our rich past by
deriving insights from those who were actually present at the time of the event.

Context analysis considers the following: (i) the historical context of the source [time and place it was written and the situation at the time], (ii) the author's
background, intent (to the extent discernable), and authority on the subject; and (iii) the source's relevance and meaning today.

Content analysis, on the other hand, applies appropriate techniques depending on the type of source (written, oral, visual). in the process students will be asked,
for example, to identify the author's main argument or thesis, compare I 3
points of view, identify biases, and evaluate the author's claim based on the evidences presented or other available evidence at the time. The course will guide
the students through their reading and analysis of the texts and require them to write reaction essays of varied length and present their ideas in other ways
(debate format, power point presentation, letter to the editor of the source, etc).
 Course Description:
The course analyzes Philippine history from multiple perspectives through the lens of selected primary sources coming from various disciplines and of
different genres. Students are given opportunities to analyze the author's background and main arguments, compare different points of view, identify biases
and examine the evidences presented in the document. The discussions will tackle traditional topics in history and other interdisciplinary themes that will
deepen and broaden their understanding of Philippine political, economic, cultural, social, scientific and religious history. Priority is given to primary materials
that could help students develop their analytical and communication skills. The end goal is to develop the historical and critical consciousness of the students
so that they will become versatile, articulate, broadminded, morally upright and responsible citizens.

This course includes mandatory topics on the Philippine Constitution, agrarian reform, and taxation.

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students should be able to
1. Evaluate primary sources for their credibility, authenticity, and provenance
2. Analyze the context, content, and perspective of different kinds of primary sources
3. Determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in understanding Philippine history
4. Develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources
5. Demonstrate the ability to use primary sources to argue in favor or against a particular issue

6. Effectively communicate, using various techniques and genres, their historical analysis of a particular event or issue that could help others understand the
chosen topic
7. Propose recommendations/solutions to present-day problems based on their understanding of root causes and their anticipation of future scenarios
8. Display the ability to work in a team and contribute to a group project
9. Manifest interest in local history and concern in promoting and preserving our country's national patrimony and cultural heritage
Course Outline

Topic
1-2 Meaning and relevance of history; distinction of primary and secondary sources; external and
internal criticism; repositories of primary sources, and different kinds of primary sources
3-6 Content and contextual analysis of selected primary sources; identification of the historical
importance of the text; and examination of the author's main argument and point of view
7-10 "One past but many histories": controversies and conflicting views in Philippine history
a. Site of the First Mass
b. Cavite Mutiny
c. Retraction of Rizal
d. Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin
11-14 Social, political, economic and cultural issues in Philippine history
Mandated topics
1. Agrarian Reform Policies
2 The Philippine Constitution: 1899 (Malolos) Constitution; 1935 Constitution; 1973
Constitution;
1987 Constitution
3. Taxation
15-18 Critical evaluation and promotion of local and oral history, museums, historical shrines, cultural
performances, indigenous practices, religious rites and rituals, etc.
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Learning Plan

Learning Topics Methodology Resources Assessment

Outcomes
1. Evaluate I - Meaning and 1 Lecture/Discussion 1Louis Gottschalk, Understanding 1 Produce examples of
primary relevance of 2. Library, Museum and . History, (pp. 41-61, 1 17-170). primary sources and the
sources for history; distinction Archives visitation Howell and Preveniert corresponding
their of primary and (depends on the From Reliable Sources, secondary sources
credibility, secondary sources; location of the HEI) (pp. 17-68) derived from them
authenticity, external and 3. Comparative analysis Santiago Alvarez,
and internal criticism, of primary and Katipunan and the
provenance repositories of secondary sources Revolution: Memoirs of a General, (pp.
82-88). Teodoro Agoncillo, History of the
primary sources, Filipino People, (pp 184-187).
and different kinds Robert Fox, The Tabon
of primary sources. Caves, (pp. 40-44; 1091 19). [Human
(Weeks 1-2) remains and artifacts]
William Henry Scott,
Prehispanic Source
Materials for the Study of Philippine
History (pp. 90135

2. Analyze the Il — Content and 1 Lecture/Discussion 1Antonio Pigafetta. First 1. Graded Reporting
context, contextual analysis 2. Library research Voyage Around the World, 2348 Chronicle 2. Quizzes
content, of selected primary 3. Textual anal sis 3. Critical Essay
and
Learning Topics Methodology Resources Assessment
Outcomes
perspective of sources; 4 Small group Juan de Plasencia about a particular
different identification of discussion Customs of the Tagalogs, primary source: students
kinds of 5 Reporting
the historical (Garcia 1979} pp. 221-234) (Friar are to discuss the
primary
sources importance of the 6 Film Analysis account] importance of the text,
text; and Emilio Jacinto, "Kartilla ng the author's background,
3. Determine the examination of the Katipunan" (Richardson, the context of the
contribution author's main 2013, pp. 131-137) document, and its
of different [Declaration of Principles)
kinds of argument and contribution to
primary point of view Emilio Aguinaldo, Mga understanding Philippine
sources in (Weeks 36) Gunita ng Himagsikan. history
understandin (pp. 78-82; 95-100; 177-
g Philippine 188; 212-227) [Memoirs]
history
National Historical Institute
Develop (1997). Documents of the
critical and 1898 Declaration of
Philippine Independence, The Malolos
analytical skills
Constitution and the First Philippine
with exposure Republic. Manila: National Historical
to primary Institute (pp. 1923) [Proclamation]
sources Alfred McCoyt Political
Caricatures of the American Era
(Editorial cartoons)
7. Commission on
Independence, Filipino
Grievances Against
Governor Wood Zaide
Learning Topics Methodology Resources Assessment
Outcomes
1990, vol. 11, pp. 230234). [Petition
letter]
8. Corazon Aquino,
President Corazon Aguino's
Speech before the U.S. Congress
Sept. 18, 1986 [Speech]
9. Raiders of the Sulu Sea
(film)
10. Works of Luna and
Amorsolo Paintin s
5 Demonstrate Ill — "One past 1 Lecture/Discussion 1 Antonio Pigafetta. First 1. Debate a particular
the ability to but many Voyage Around the World, (pp. 23-32) issue in Philippine
. Document analysis
histories" history
formulate 2 Group discussion 2. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera, Filipino Version
controversies of the
arguments in and conflicting 3. Debate, round table 2. Reaction/reflection
Cavite Mutiny of 1872,
favor or views in 4. discussion or paper on a sponsored
(Zaide 1990, vol. 7, pp
against a Philippine symposium activity like lecture,
history a. Site of 274-280)
particular
issue using the First Mass 3. Jose Montero y Vidal, Spanish symposium, round
Version of the table discussion, and
primary b. Cavite Mutiny
Cavite Munity of 1872 the like
sources c. Retraction of
Rizal (Zaide 1990t vol. 7, pp
d. Cry of 269-273)
Balintawak or 4. Rafael Izquirdo, Official Repon on the
Pugadlawin Cavite
(Weeks 7-10) Mutiny, (Zaide 1990, vol. 7, pp. 281-
286)
Learning Topics Resources Assessment
Outcomes
5. Ricardo P. Garcia, The Great Debate:
The Rizal
Retraction (pp. 9-19; 3143)
6. Jesus Ma. Cavanna,
Rizal's Unfading Glory,
(pp. 1-52)
7. Ricardo R. Pascuall Rizal Beyond the
Grave, (pp. 736)
8 Pio Valenzueia, Cry of Pugad/awin,
(Zaide 1990 vol. 8, pp.301-302)
9 Santiago Alvarez, Cry of Bahay Toro
(Zaide 1990, vol. 8, pp. 303-304)
10. Gregoria de Jesus,
Version of the First Cry, (Zaide 1990, vol.
8, pp.
305-306)
11. Guillermo Masangkay, Cty of
Balintawak (Zaide
1990, vol. 8, 307-309
6. Effectively IV — Social, Note: Students will be required to look for 1 Research output that may be in the
communicate political, primary sources on which they will base form of a term paper, exhibit,
, using economic their narrative and analysis of the topic documentary
various and cultural assigned to them
techniques issues in
and genres, Philippine
history:
Learning Topics Methodology Resources Assessment
Outcomes
historical Mandated topics 5Documentary Film Showing presentation, diorama, webpage,
analysis of a 1. Agrarian Reform and other genres where students
particular event
Policies can express their ideas. The output
or issue that
could help others 2. The Philippine should trace the evolution of the
understand the Constitution - chosen topic through at least three
chosen topic; 1899 (Malolos) periods. Group members should
Constitution collaborate to produce a synthesis
Propose
recommendation
- 1935 Constitution that examines the role of this issue
or solutions to - 1973 Constitution in promoting/hindering nation
present-day - 1987 Constitution building, and provide appropriate
problems based recommendations rooted in a
3. Taxation
on their historical understanding of the
understanding of Other sample topics:
issue
root causes, and
1. Filipino Cultural
their anticipation
heritage
of future
2. Filipino-American
scenarios
relations
Display the 3 Government
peace treaties
ability to work in with Muslim
a Filipinos
multidisciplinary 4. Institutional
team and history of schools,
corporations,
industries,
religious groups,
and the like.
5. Biography of a
 Learning Topics Methodology Resources Assessment
Outcomes
contribute to a prominent
group Filipino (Weeks
endeavor 11-14)
Manifest V. Critical evaluation 1 Lecture/Discussion 1. Historical Data Papers 1 Reaction paper or critique of
interest in and promotion of 2. Research in 2, Erección de Pueblos the shrines, historical sites,
Local libraries museums the students visited
local history local and oral (Creation of Towns)
and Local 3. 2. Letter to the editor
and show history, Museumst Local Studies
Studies Centers 3. Blogs
concern in museums, 4. Centers
(if available) 4 Transcript of oral interview
promoting and historical shrines, Art Galleries, Painting collections
3 Tour in local
preserving the cultural 5. Historical landmarks and
museums,
country's performances, historical sites, art UNESCO sites Performances that
6. showcase traditional arts and
historical and indigenous galleries,
cultural practices, archeological sites culture
and other places Fiestas and similar local
heritage religious rites and 7.
where one could celebrations
rituals, etc.
see cultural and
(Weeks 15-18) heritage displays
4. Conduct Oral
interview

RREADINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Course Map

 Readings In
G.E. Learning Outcomes
Philippine History
A. INTELLECTUAL COMPETENCIES
Knowledge
1. Ana: ze texts written, visual, oral, etc. critically
2. Demonstrate proficient and effective communication writings and use of new technology p

3. Use basic concepts across the domains of knowledge e

4 Demonstrate critical, analytical, and creative
thinking
B. PERSONAL AND CIVIC Values
RESPONSIBILITIES
1 Examine the contemporary world from both Phil. and global

2. Takes responsibility for knowing and being Filipino

3. Reflect critically on shared concern p

4 Contribute personally and meaningfully to the country's development o

C. PRACTICAL SKILLS
Skills
1 Work effectivelly in a group p

2. Use current technology to assist and facilitate learning and research p

3. Manage one's knowledge, skills and values for responsible and productive living o
4. Organize one's self for lifelong learning o
Legend
L = Learned
P = Practiced
O = Opportunity to learn

READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Required Readings and Other Materials (Primary Sources)
Aguinaldo, Emilio. (1964). Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan. Manila: C.A. Suntay.
Alvarez, Santiago. (1998). Katipunan and the Revolution: Memoirs of a General. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Blount, James. (1968). The American Occupation of the Philippines, 1898-1912. Quezon City: Malaya Books Inc.
Cavanna, Jesus Ma. The Unfading Glory: Documentary Histoty of the Conversion of Jose Rizal. [s.n.l.
Del Pilar, Marcelo. (1957). Monastic Supremacy in the Philippines. Manila: Philippine Historical Association.
Forbes, William Cameron. (1928). The Philippine Islands, Vol. 2. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Fox, Robert. (1970). The Tabon Caves. Manila: National Museum.
Historical Data Papers. Philippine National Library, Microfilm Collection.
Laurel, Jose P (1962). War Memoirs of Jose P. Laurel. Manila: Jose P. Laurel Memoriat Foundation.
Mabinit Apolinario. (1969) The Philippine Revolution. Manila: National Historical Commission.
McCoy, Alfred and Alfredo Roces. (1985). Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era, 1900-1941 Quezon City: Vera Reyes Inc.
National Historical Institute. (1997). Documents of the 1898 Declaration of Philippine Independence, The Malolos Constitution and the First Philippine Republic.
Manila: National Historical Institute
National Historical Institute. (1978). Minutes of the Katipunan. Manila: National Historical Institute.
Nolledo, Jose. (1999). Principles of Agrarian Reform, Cooperatives and Taxation. Mandaluyong City: National Book
Store.
Philippine National Archives. Erección de Pueblos.
Pigafetta, Antonio. (1969). First Voyage Around the World. Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild
Ricarte, Artemio. (1992). Memoirs of General Artemio Ricarte. Manila : NationalHistorical Institute
Richardsont Jim. (2013). The Light of Liberty: Documents and Studies on the Katipunan, 1892-1897. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila Press.
Saleeby, Najeeb. (1976). Studies in Moro History, Laws and Religion. Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild
 Tuazon Bobby and Oscar Evangelista. (2008). The Moro Reader: History and Contemporary Struggles of the Bangsamoro People. Quezon City:
CenPeg Publications.
Zaide, Gregorio and Sonia Zaide. (1990). Documentary Sources of Philippine History. 12 vols. Manila: National Book Store.

INTERNET SITES:
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988 (R.A. 6657).
[Link] 1988/ra_6657_1988. html

Decreeing the Emancipation of Tenants from the Soil (P D. No. 27).

[Link] 27_1972.html

Land Reform Act of 1955 (R.A. 1400).

[Link] [Link]/repacts/ra1955/ra_1400 [Link]

Philippine Organic Act of 1902. [Link] [Link]/constitutions/the-philippine-organic-act-of-1902/

President Corazon Aguino's Speech before the U.S. Congress Sept. 18, 1986. [Link]

Primary Sources in Philippine History. [Link]

Raiders of the Sulu Sea. [Link] [Link]/watch?v=bWmXEvU979c
Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 [Link] pdf
U.S.- P.l. Military Bases Agreement. [Link]
was-signed

Using primary Sources.

[Link] ing
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Supplementary Readings and Other Materials
Agoncillo, Teodoro. (2012). History of the Filipino People. 8th edition. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
 (2001). The Fateful Years: Japan's adventure in the Philippines, 1941-1945. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. (1956) The
Revolt of the Masses: The story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Blair, Emma Helen and James Alexander Robertson. (1961). The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898. Mandaluyong: Cachos Hermanos Inc.
Constantino, Renato. (1975). The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Quezon City: Renato Constantino.
Constantino, Renato and Letizia Constantino. (1978). The Philippines: The Continuing Past. Quezon City: The Foundation for Nationalist Studies
Corpuz, Onofre. (1989). The Roots of the Filipino Nation. 2 volumes. Quezon City: Aklahi Foundation.
Fernandez, Pablo. (1979). History of the Church in the Philippines, 1521-1898. Manila: National Book Store, 1979.
Friend, Theodore. (1965). Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 1929-1946. New Haven: Yale University press.
Galang Zoilo. (1950). Encyclopedia of the Philippines, Vol. 17. Manila: E. Floro.
Garcia, Mauro ed. (1969). Aguinaldo in Retrospect. Manila: Philippine Historical Association.
(1979). Readings in Philippine Prehistory. Manila: Filipiniana Book Guild.
Garcia, Ricardo. (1964). The Great Debate: The Rizal Retraction. Quezon City: R.P. Garcia.
Gottschalk, Louis. (1969). Understanding History: A Primer of Historical Method. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Hontiveros, Greg. (2008). A Fire on the Island: A fresh Look at the First Mass Controversy. Butuan City: Butuan City Historical and Cultural Foundation, Inc.
Howell, Martha and Walter Prevenier. (2001). From Reliable Source: An Introduction to Historical Methods. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Karnow, Stanley. (1989). In our Image: America's Empire in the Philippines. New York: Random House.
Majult Cesar Adib. (1973). Muslims in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Pascual, Ricardo. (1950). Rizal Beyond the Grave. A Reiteration of the Greatness of the Martyr of Bagumbayan- Manila: Luzon Publisher.
Querolt Mariano. (1974). Land Reform in Asia. Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House.
Salamanca, Bonifacio. (1968). The Filipinos Reaction to American Rule, 1901-1913. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.
Scheurs, Peter. (2000). The Location of Pigafetta's Mazaua, Butuan and Calagan, 1521-1571. Manila: Manila: National Historical Institute.
Schumacher, John. (1992). Readings in Philippine Church History. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press.
Scott, William Henry. (1984). Prehispanic Source Materials for the Study of Philippine History. Quezon City: Newday Publishers.
Stanley, Peter. (1974). A Nation in the Making: The Philippines and the United States, 1899-1912. Massachusetts. Harvard University Press.
Taylor, John R.M. (1971). The Philippine Insurrection Against the United States. Vol. 1. Pasay City: Eugenio Lopez Foundation.