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(Textbook Activity - ) Page 19

The document defines force as a push or pull that can change an object's state of motion or shape, categorizing it into contact forces (like muscular, frictional, tension, and normal forces) and non-contact forces (such as gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic forces). It explains the relationship between force and work, detailing conditions for positive, negative, and zero work based on the direction of force and displacement. Additionally, it includes practical examples and activities to illustrate these concepts, such as the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on displacement.

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Rubina Syed
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6 views2 pages

(Textbook Activity - ) Page 19

The document defines force as a push or pull that can change an object's state of motion or shape, categorizing it into contact forces (like muscular, frictional, tension, and normal forces) and non-contact forces (such as gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic forces). It explains the relationship between force and work, detailing conditions for positive, negative, and zero work based on the direction of force and displacement. Additionally, it includes practical examples and activities to illustrate these concepts, such as the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on displacement.

Uploaded by

Rubina Syed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

(Textbook Activity -) Page 19

Force and Its Types

Definition of Force:

Force is a push or pull applied on an object which can change or try to change the state of rest or motion of the
object, and can also change its shape or size.

 Contact Forces :- (Forces that act only when two objects are in physical contact)
 Muscular Force:-Force applied using muscles. Example:* Lifting a bucket, pushing a cart.
 Frictional Force:- Force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
 Example: A moving ball slowing down on the ground.
 Tension Force: – Force transmitted through a stretched rope, string, or cable.
Example: Rope in a tug-of-war.
 Normal Force (Reaction Force) – Force exerted by a surface on an object resting on it.
 Example: A book resting on a table.
 2. Non-contact Forces:- (Forces that act from a distance, without contact)
 Gravitational Force:-Force of attraction between two masses.
 Example: Apple falling from a tree due to Earth’s gravity.
 Magnetic Force – Force exerted by a magnet. Example: Magnet attracting iron pins.
 Electrostatic Force – Force between electrically charged objects.
 Example: A rubbed comb attracting small pieces of paper.

(Textbook Activity) Page 20

1. When the force and the displacement are in the same direction (q = 00 ), the work done by the force is positive.

2. When the force and the displacement are in opposite directions (q = 1800 ), the work done by the force is negative.

3. When the applied force does not cause any displacement or when the force and the displacement are perpendicular to
each other (q =900 ), the work done by the force is zero.

(Textbook Activity - Figures A, B, C) Page 21


This activity with a cup, thread, and nuts demonstrates the concepts of positive, negative, and zero work. Below are the
answers to the given questions.
Q1. Figure A – Why does the cup get pulled?
In Figure A, one nut is hanging outside the table. The force of gravity pulls it downward. This downward pull of the nut
pulls the thread, which in turn pulls the cup towards the edge of the table. Hence, the cup gets displaced.

Q2. Figure B – What is the relation between the displacement of the cup and the force
applied through the ruler?
In Figure B, the cup is sliding forward (displacement is forward). However, the ruler applies force in the opposite direction
(backward). Thus, the force and displacement are in opposite directions.

Q3. Figure C – Why doesn’t the cup get displaced?


In Figure C, two nuts hang on opposite sides of the table. Each nut pulls the cup with equal gravitational force, but in
opposite directions. These two forces cancel each other (balanced forces). Hence, the cup does not get displaced.

Q4. What is the type of work done in Figures A, B, and C?


• Figure A → Force and displacement are in the same direction → Positive Work
• Figure B → Force and displacement are in opposite directions → Negative Work
• Figure C → No displacement occurs → Zero Work

(Textbook Activity -) Page 23

The mass of a moving body is doubled, how many times will the kinetic energy increase?

Ans:-If the mass of a moving body is doubled (velocity unchanged), its kinetic energy also becomes double

(Textbook Activity -) Page 25

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