ARATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ag Anatomy — Study = — Body. wn Diad Living, + 4 Cadaveour Anatomy Living avalon med body. Dissection - Stady pTerm — al pane nt plane Reglen “ost {Fr Region a pleme Guadvants Anatomical Terms gmposer & be) Pnttatour © Fransver€ CHI) pesteriony - 7-7 -= eee ww www wewewewesveveseveewveweweewuw” plane ‘ bote- Cadaveouy — dead Human bod iy. \Hleram meeng 8302 B200t+ SO-nNT Goid chandexes4 Chondyqa - Cartilage P — supericry ‘ i) i Epi — Abwe Hypo — Belous V~- Thferioy Plané q [Plane \ ——— —— Sagdta] Corned Fransvs ' + v 4 1 Bwides the Also rage =e Dwides the Woy | bedy ‘nto leh avd Frat = Owide ‘into upper ened Right sections ites Fronts sewel Lower Segments pea Rack Also Known - Also known ah | This ts alle knion ak fntesioy cud Horizorte [firiog as mid Sagited postevtor, Region &) — Atdorrinopelvic Cavtiy divided by 2- Honizonted Wye two- Vertical , Then aveq jg formed hese. a AVE Called __| prove. the. “iff crest — Hypogaat | LePt kn aac ReqionAssers location of organ oY TS lini assessment of _organ. fmetomical Term — Q& Abduction - Pavt away, from — midiing Adduction - Towards = the midline External RotaHion — Ton move lettvally.. anternal Rotation ~ Toe move middine oppositim «= Thumb raove Toward — Nittle Finger wey, from litle Finger, Reposition — Thumb = rnove | > Lage, Space ‘in body. GQ cranial cowlly - | formed by Skull Rone | pram 4s Located. vertebral cavity - , Formed by yestebrae Spine card fies ;Thoracic Cavity. Pleurey Cowity, v Space, Behween Pavital and vised viscaret Payer Lungs ~ Sterreunds A bdomeno pelvic Abdominal 4 Stomach , Spleen , Liver , galibladdes. , Small “imbestine , majority of But act complete ond pote- “inehude cavi Part caveliad mediqetenay Cavit cami wily ‘ My suyvauncl| the heatt Contain Gk serous Fluid , Heart Cenlyal -Ppevtien of thoray , Trfesiour — diaphram | Posterioury — VYertebrae Artbestoy — Stesnum bakraty Lungs Located — Heart omg large “Trtestine thyrnus Pelvic + Bladder | ond Y Repreductwe organ Kidney Rapid — Riviclon. « ( ( ( ‘ ‘ 4 { 4 ‘ ' /7 Te TV SST STSCSPSGSSESEEEECCCCCECEETCETTA Histology. —~ Tissue chucky. Hist ~ Tissue logy — Study atest ova [Seaken} Ten ¥ BLATT YQ - O — Sgetem heat Lung ee, cell émme cell 7 | ( Similak cell) Tissue — Group of Cell . Waving, STmilay Origm, funcationing. togetha. father of histology So _Bichat_ TJeem 7 Meye ClassificaHon oP Hesve + Classiicahon ay See nn) 4 —¥ Epithaium Conmechve muscular Revous origin —% — Eeto meso ~— Epithelium éndo endothelium — = endotheliam Form the line of Blood vaster~ ————————— ip ell cence” known | 4 Carcinoma : _ cpithetiel © s pote . of Sesous! vnembrane J] mesothetiul form the line 4 i i Fancation of Eprthelial nt of organ | _ Cqveting cmd Ming. 3 | = secretion — — Absovpion i 4 arigin fyom - — Tnesodeum funcedion — Communicate Bireling Support origin firm - — mesoderm | Funcetion — “movement Aoshuved | Produce hes ovigin from — Ectoderm Funcation - production of — ImputheEE EL EE EES SSC SC STSECSEECeCeseeereeeteeecee iF [Effinetioy csv] pe Single Toya cosist of cell tay mulfigle lye sap oye all o= Epithelial Prical cusfece — mi S single Layers funcatin— vifiuio , @smosis , Secretim amd Absorption, ae ney '@ Simple Spuamous Epithelium Flak U eit Shape fF ' QG- Flak shape cetl~ Arrange in sirgle ' Location — G7 Sevous membrane A= Abeoti H 6- Endetreiam Henle of Joop ER - Endothelium CRlood vessels) B— fown's Capsuls (& Simple Cubsidel Epthetin *- EELS TEETTI— «be cey Location ~ Thesid , Mephron, per , Der, Ovary. meation — X Fe Absorption Crd — Sect Secrehicnors *__ APRA @ @© feaoao) Simple. pm- Cihated = Simple Cilicded eotegehum Columnay Epithelium Epithelium Exawele — Example - Stamach — Utes — Fallopian tube - Smal ‘mtestine — or. (collecting cluct) — Eustnchion Tube — ypentricle of Brecin - Gall Bladdex Fan cetion = Funeation — Secretion (Sar) Move oF mut, @). Pseudo- Stradified Columnay Epithelium Hot True Stratified — AN ¢eell QHach with Botement membrane gut Height oF col 45 differ Sgme ave Saif ond othes ave Jong. _— Microscope lock like : mutiple layes.Location — Lavyne , Trachea , Branchi , Epidiclymus Stratified Epithelium Shape ERO COS ELV @ stratified Squamous & Ui) stratified Keratinize , Gb Stratified pon- Kesatinived | Sauamets Epithelium Squatnous Bethel + Rough Fiber Protein Sgnthesired On _- Buds \ (-) Cn AnraapeIn LocoHen - = mouth ( Kivafinizak on) Orel cowity Location — epidermis of siin Tongue’, odkophagus Hai, Beil , vagina» Conjuctiva Extesnoal Aruditory, Cana}, © Stralified cubedial Epithettum 4 Te he FERRER: PEPE TT mubtigie (operLocation Sctlivory, Gland , Pancvease Semin fe ONS mast cel! alto present Q- most Abundemk Hssue Q- origin — esodermm mesoderm > It ind , Support amd Strength to all other fissue “pots — SEE diseate presud ‘ite coanective Hseue. Structure — cell Extra celiulasz matrix + Fibroblast Cyound Substance fiber cast? Colles Eales > Ground Stbstance Av spre : § Rehetdam @ Gromd substance = Colon [es fluid - Semifjutd - Crelatinous made - waka , polysaccharide , Prokein, Glycoarineglycors: GAG) ' ' ' , , ' ’ , , ' i ' , ’ , i i ' ' , , 1 : Hyaluvine Acid — Coone #1) Jelly Ke ob ehendvietn sufate. Decmatan keratayBes oie iia iy Ue J Collagen Elastin Reticular S cottagen protdy Q- Costin Protea Himes ME 5 a ORT rath | d “> Ds not Run ‘in Bundle Sayles fa mele es PS Sircery) Fancation — LnCaticn. Bme EGR They. provide Foem oF Stramg Fendey Stvength ond Hsamieuk: Stability CPropesty Elasticity ) © Connective issue Cells Cost important AN in) Comnective Vissue Celts é! Spindle. Shape VS Fibvablost — wy Fibwblast: Praeut jin all Connective Hssue =~ form the fiber => Secret component of Ground — substance QU Adipocyte “- Synthese = TGA (Triglyceride) (iy Mast col gy Crete ‘ePlammatory mediulac a Histawiing — (se contraction ef smooth bewerotr! en museles ) THE Crumar Mee Necrosis factor] _othexn cols — fpiasmq cell — white Blood cell& ~ Macrophgge Ciistocyte) 4- CTyre of wee) Qf flucel, - .ouct cof dhoee! phacre phage ) — (Local Macro Splenic micyophase — Spleen live - kuffea cell Q } Skin -> Lange yvhans g Blood -— Hemstyte Heamocygte Bone — Osteoclast Classification st TT Areolat [- Regular ( Boe Adipose Bloc peteulay Dense Trequor @ Loose Comective Tissue Collagen @ — consist — Fer Elastin Reteulas > Fi ibyobiourt Locetion ~ Deep Epidermis , Leming propia of muceq ® — cell — Acipseyte Storage fab Cliiglyceride)white Adipsse Tissue ¥ white /yell ow Pubitonal Calorie Store, Adult fat present ‘ing [ ékin Heart , kidney. Viseerq eytbhell Adtpose Connective fisswe Q- Brown Adipose “tissue 4 Q~ Fourdin preuborn @ [Bense comectve tissuef — Dense j fegtan. Tend — [MiJ->[B] > Ligament — [B]-> (B] Aponeuvsis — f- fn] Dene Frrequlag * + Locale Fastcla [Fasdg Tough At brows Cevistind » medcles ComperrtmendsCYTOLOGY [Ce (Revise - ss Hous’) OPP POD OT Cyto > cell Logy > Study. > hranch of Science -that Deak with Study of ‘Structuray cwd functional, of cell, unit ie Robert Hook — Discover, cell walt fother of Cytology gq # Leewan Hook — Discover. Afimot cell SEN > Structural omd funcatina) unit of — Ife Human Body Contetin = 8 rier] [ere] el CH > & Part s ‘ cell meinbrane Cytoplasng bu cleoes Celt organelle { [Menbaanele Tembranous — Ribosome ~ Endoplasmic Reticulum Centrosome - Gall Bladder. : — Lysosome — MitnehmdyigSmoot} £ ER. Rough ER. patoseme Mu cleous Cenbide Mifochondian W [cel membrane] five knew as plasma membrane Q ° flid Meieac model ” — Acceptable model for Structure of cell = According to Tluid — moisac mode ell membrane amsis of @ Lied — tor. Q © potin — sey, —> | [Mest Abundent © carbshytrate — SY ) Lipid = . “ Lipid aqevange. ‘in " Lipid Bilayer * Q Lipids ave > —> main lipid = sphingomyelin~y Choleshole , — Glycelipids % Auk = TPrglyeride), ot pregeul- Structure of lipid = Bilayay _ : . J oo pheaptate Se CHasophiic) Fatty acted g Caypearhosie (he -Pelary > Membrane lipid ave * Amphipdhic” Became Contada Aenphipathic Both Hydrophebic and — Hydvophilic , Ar phecpholipidé OF Cell membrane hag dwo endé one ends - wats Soluble / Hydvophilie C paler) other end - Lipid Soluble /Hyctophitte Chon ~ palar) Phobia. -palar [fatty acid Factng -to ponapalar (Fatty add Fachg to each other pelar end , Facing fry And funcattm — Pryevent enby eo wale ond wall soluble — Substance.® [Pokal — IntMinsic ec or Lh - — pen'iphared rakegrel Leosly attach with membrane , Uwe presen Both outer, and =Thner . Susface % They. form the tunnel profety & Aquaporin water, Soluble molecule mave. © Karbshyarade] ~ Oligo saccharide | + Glycoprotein Glycolipid z Icr ® Lie Nerocs “the Membyone Cmnect Ech to LefF Pa ae ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ae ee ee ee ee ee ne ee ee ee & [Glgeecatx]—> Antigen Funcatim — Receptor | Signa Vf% Funcation of cell__membrane — W protective func (form Bound evies) @) Ack o% Selective] membrane. Some Scbstance cm cross the membrane Bak other, Kot , it act a @ act as Abserption — Nubient @ Gos exchange - 0,7 Ete ca - Exit [out (S) Shape and size - Matntained © [Capteplesm| Between cell membrane and Nucleus Two pars —-> ©) cytosol 6 Orgenells @ Cytrsol Fluid portion > [ice Q zt Surreund the. ditterest = cely orqenells x composition £& \Bo- gow watt Glucose , AA, Lipid , ATP, Tm #h Enzyme , G0 Funcotion of cytosol higeosis , % Cholestro| synthesis y Glycoganclys' s « Eelty — Synthers GD ae YMP Shut — Bret ate ot fetor 1a eer el ,® con _ongenclls Specialized Structive with in cell. © Riboseme, ( Engine of cell } Smallest call organcl ~ Highest in Numbex # Protein" Factory” Riboseme ~ 2 type (8) — “Based Keay unit’ Fos (Ribose) 809 (Ribose J Gukay otic) Sos BOs os gos g . _ mgt 9. fimeation + (Protein Synthesis’) @ “Endoplasm co ReHculum” Extend — Nuclear membrane +o cell ” membrane [Type Rough ER. Srnooth ER. gn sutface’ ~'Riboseme " gtbosome © present Mosent[Rough ER] [Smooth_€R | Funcation FancoHon # protein Symbhests + Glycogen synthesis - fh ding the prokfa # Lipid and steroid Syrrthesis 2 & Detoyificadi Delovification oF Drug Pollrtent | pasticide , Carel nope, 4 cytechreme paso. $0 help ® Toxic] ————>_ [non - toxt | im) Page mil > Also known as Golgi Appavetus / coolgi Complex 3-20 ‘In pumber (cisternae) 4 bernae aie aged past) Concave Ss (erainspertation [ Releasing.) * 6 den Comet (Geeretory. end) 4 4 Funcetion ‘+ a office, of cell > Post + Transport, proitin and Fipid > modification of molecules (moditt eatin / Gly-cocyta Hen)Oly cosy lation — Ths whele process ts Known as “ Gly cosy lotion, Acrosome fovmatten a Suicida) Bag. of cel Hyalenasidare Enzyme to [esse] - @ e Ziymoyen (%) eels Lnactive. form 3 32S Hyelvolytic, wie cell H ph camer & uh ¥ dar 3 Actvale Sunt S enegme (i gedtive | Enryme) Funetion i- _Funetion & Distruction of foreign artical (Iwievo~ organism } 4 “Puato phagosamy, 4 Autelys’s - sapr when Uncentrolied Release of Lyfesomal Enzyme Cet Destroyed )CYTOSKELETON > They. are protein which 4s present ‘inside. the cel} provide Structural support “to Cell Tats ” Priicrofubule} & [Micrefionect] | Frtevmedice Filament ‘lam made ~ Tubvlin The end |fne filament mode- made — Actin + myoda] ~ kealin funcatio — — desuin — S-(celt division ) mart Poandant . ; Funeation — _tunenaren ation — Fereetien, Stability muscles Contraction ond support (Cilia And Flagella ) Cilia - They ave short 4@ethaty like mole Structure Gefend — Cel Surface peso —“m — [Fallepion tube], Flagella - Le 7 Flagella benger and preteat Cmovement)Centrosome Coneist + 2 Component ONS cemtviole Pevicentrclay mat Centros phat conf fen) | Fancation — ce dwiston by Forming of stinlle be Mitochondyigq = Bt is largest all ovganellus pani ame Facet) oul, membrane i iat Fill “an enzyme Function of Mitochondviq —_——__™’enrnvmrmaa_—s_ e— — Potty acid yteels Hep in Synthens of “at”Q Site of oxidative metapolism or freokic — Respiretim — — Mitechondyia | Also known as rain of cell [ diccetor of cel} Discoves ~ Robert — Brown” Structure * pucleol ys n wom c ‘i f Nudesplasm per nuclese’ f1wt—— y pucleat Kucleay Pove brane men & Pucleus ‘ts Absenk ) “mm RBO wall Organised [mative wucleus combalng - puckeay membrane — peucleolus — Vaclentus — Chromatin Nuclear embrane - buclear — envlope — Double Jays ~ Parq present tn ouclear membrane kKnoum oS puclear — Pore’7 Membrane qi Nucleus Fluke] ! Communicated with with pore budeoplasm [ karyo pasta v — emt age plasm — Highly viscous Fluid — Contain (DNA, RNA, Proiein, ATP, Cheomatc) Funceton 8 DPA RNA SQ [Francviptn | ser ear | c romatin | Thread like Shuctire contein — DNA + protein + RNA LN Hicteme 8 = Hishme (large protein) + Prottiy + ; L—> Chromatinore cen Chrromah¢ Line j | _» Chrom osome Mdlé - 46 %y female 46 xx a (Mar Baby only "im Famale) Nucléolas — © Transfer the Heredity metrfal 4y parent do OFFepring, ‘metabolic contro , ,O Syntherls — of Ribosame Prote?n RNA Nucelic Acid Discov. By “ Meicher” conteing = C,H, 0, NP Wement Also known 23 Polymer of “ pucdeoticle Sugar # Phosphate Group PoiHrOgenous bave + @& Paytose HPO, DvA RNANittrogenous Bose Diwide “tno two! group urine fimidine Pp 7 Pyxt 4 Don. ‘ om purine Ort dive Uraci| eset Uraci] RPA & Urac{ Present tal DNA : A. PR a BNR) Puvin Parimidine Punn Ferimidine 7 cytosine G Cytocin A : G Thiamine Uracil] A Rote — Th DNA Uract] ALenk and RIVA - Thiawiine Absent so puA ua’ Reine = on. Pyramiding— 6,7, ae = RWA = Uyad) in place of Thiamine | DUA (Deoyyribo puelig Add ) Discovered ~— worfson ornd Crick tH, N sade R landed 4 I- 34A mney Double Col Ving, StrutctentRNA = [Ribose puclete puelte Held) QA fs It Henedte motesier| : { i RNA yt —— 7 a } M-@NRA te RA vt RPA 4 4 4 = massenges. Funcation Help in Synthens | euA — Frangpoctertion ak Rreoeenie of Amino Add Protein Synthesis 4 Q) DRA —> DNA Copy. —> —Replicalien | central) DYA Ss M-RNA > [Tronseiption | a DoYMA —" m-RUA —> Protedn synthetis -s IF 4 ' ' ' ' ' i i , i ' , » , ’ ' , > b 6 , ' b , 6 , , > nsloation Dé erence _ Bho Prokayoke — frndf Eukoryote Pro kavyjor c Buleeryole »@® pucleay membrane © |@ puclear membrane @) , »@ Chremalin [pea] onky © ov + prokin + Roh , » _pucless — Fmmatre |) mature (Advance. develops) , + » Printing , a@ Cell oygane lis @ Riboceme = gos! Ribosome - Jo¥ An ‘cell organal ant All Cell organal ave Mesent presen