CLASS 10

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
UNIT 3
Relational Database Management System
Fill in the blanks
1. A database is an organized collection of data.
2. A DBMS is a software package that can be used for creating and managing databases.
3. A RDBMS is a database management system that is based on the relational model.
4. Three popular DBMS software are Microsoft Access, OpenOffice Base and MYSQL.
5. A primary key is a unique value that identifies a row in a table.
6. Composite Key is a combination of one or more columns.
7. A table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of vertical columns and
horizontal rows.
8. A column is a set of data values of a particular type, one for each row of the table.
9. A row represents a single, data item in a table.
10. Datatypes are used to identify which type of data we are going to store in the database.
11. There are 2 ways to create a table.
12. The types of languages used for creating and manipulating the data in the database are
DDL and DML.
13. A DDL is a standard for commands that define the different structures in a database.
14. A DML is a language that enables users to access and manipulate data in a database.
15. A select is a part of DML involving information retrieval only.
16. A popular data manipulation language is SQL.
17. A form helps the user to systematically store information in the database.
18. A form enables users to view, enter and change data directly in database objects such as
tables.
19. Select statement retrieves zero or more rows from one or more database tables or
database views.
20. By default, data is arranged in ascending order using ORDER BY clause.
21. Update statement is used for modifying records in a database.
22. Delete statement is used to remove one or more records in a database.
23. To create a form you need to select form option available under database section.
24. A query helps to collect specific information from the pool of data in the database.
25. Report is used to display the summary of data.
26. Forms are the interfaces with which the user interacts.
Answer the following
Q.1 What does DBMS stands for?
Ans) DBMS stands for Data Base Management System.
Q.2) What does RDBMS stands for?
Ans) RDBMS stands for Relational Data Base Management System.
Q.3) How is data organized in a RDBMS?
Ans) The Relational Data Base Management System organizes the data into tables. In tables,
vertical lines are called columns and horizontal lines are called records.
Q.4) State the relationship and difference between a primary and foreign key.
Ans) Primary key and Foreign key are used to relate the tables so that data can be fetched
from multiple tables.
We cannot enter duplicate values in Primary key while duplicate values can be entered in
Foreign key.
Q.5) In how many ways tables can be created in Base?
Ans) Tables can be created in two ways:
i) In Design View
ii) Using wizard
Q.6) Why are data types used in DBMS/RDBMS?
Ans) Datatypes are used to identify which types of data (value) we are going to store in the
database.
Field themselves can be of different types depending on the data they contain.
Q.7) List datatypes available in Numeric datatype.
Ans) The different types of Numeric datatype are Boolean, Tinyint, Smallint, Integer, Bigint,
Numeric, Decimal, Real, Float, Double.
Q.8) List datatypes available in Alphanumeric datatype.
Ans) The different types of Alphanumeric datatype are Longvarchar, Char, Varchar,
varchar_ignore case.
Q.9) Define the structure of a table.
Ans) A table is a set of data elements (values) that is organized using a model of vertical
columns and horizontal rows. A table has a defined number of columns but can have any
number of rows.
Q. 10) Differentiate between Tuples and Attributes of a table.
 Ans) A row also called a record or tuple represents a single, data item in a table. Whereas a
column is a set of data values of a particular simple type, one for each row of the table.
Q.11) Name different binary data types.
Ans) The different binary data types are:
i) Longvarbinary ii) Binary iii) varbinary
Q.12) How many types of relationships can be created in Base? Explain each of them.
Ans) There are three types of relationships which can be created in tables:
1. One to One: In this relationship, both the tables must have primary key columns.
Example: In the given tables EMP and DEPT, EMP_ID in EMP and DEPT_ID in DEPT
table are the primary keys.
2. One to Many: In this relationship, one of the tables must have primary key column.
It signifies that one column of primary key table is associated with all the columns of
associated table.
3. Many to Many: In this relationship, no table has the primary key column. It signifies
that all the columns of primary key table are associated with all the columns of
associated tables.
Q.13) What do you mean by sorting? In how many ways it can be done?
Ans) Sorting means arranging elements in a particular sequence. It can be done in two ways.
i) Increasing/ Ascending order
ii) Decreasing / Descending order.
Q.14) Explain Referential integrity with the help of example.
Ans) Referential integrity is used to maintain accuracy and consistency of data in a
relationship. In Base, data can be linked between two or more tables with the help of primary
key and foreign key constraints. For example, for two tables:
Student table has fields Admno, FName, MName (Admno is primary key)
Teacher table has fields T_Id, Admno, TName, TSal (T_Id is primary key and Admno is foreign
key)
Both the tables can be linked by common fields Admno.
Q.15) What is the file extension for databases created using OpenOffice Base?
Ans) The extension for databases is. odb
Q.16) Name DML commands.
Ans) DML stands for Data Manipulation Language. DML commands are:
1) Select: retrieve data from a database.
2) Insert: insert data into a table.
3) Update: updates existing data within a table.
4) Delete: deletes all or specific records from a table.
Q.17) What is the purpose of using query?
Ans) The purpose of using query is to collect specific information from the pool of data. A query
helps us join information from different tables and filter that information.
Q.18) Which clause of select statement helps to display specific data?
Ans) ‘Where’ clause of select statement helps to display a specific data.
Q.19) Differentiate between Where and Order By clause of SQL statements.
Ans) Where clause helps to retrieve specific row from the table and Order By clause specifies
the order by clause specifies an order in which to return the rows.
Q.20) State the purpose of Update command with the help of an example.
Ans) Update command is used for modifying records in a table. For example, the following
command will increase the salary of all employees by Rs. 2000:
Update emp set sal = sal + 2000;
Q.21) Why there is need to create forms?
Ans) A form provides the user a systematic way of storing information into the database. It is an
interface in a user specified layout that lets users to view, enter, and change data directly in
database objects such as tables.
Q.22) What is the purpose of creating reports?
Ans) A report helps to display the data in a summarized manner. It is used to generate the
overall work outcome in a clear format. You can create reports in the database.
Q.23) What are the prerequisites to create a Form and reports?
Ans) Table must be created and selected before creating forms and reports in OpenOffice Base.
Q.24) Can a form displays data from queries?
Ans) Yes, a form can display data from queries.
Q.25) In how many ways forms and reports can be created in a database?
Ans) Forms can be created using design view and wizard while reports can be created using
wizard.
Q.26) What do you mean by Data Redundancy?
Ans) Data Redundancy means duplication or repetition of data. It means storage of the same
data in multiple places. It leads to increase in the size of the database as well as database
inconsistencies.
Q.27) Write short note on:
1) DDL: Data Definition Language or Data Description Language is a standard for commands
that define the different structures in a database. These statements Create, Modify and
Remove database objects such as tables and indexes. Some common DDL statements are
CREATE, ALTER, RENAME and DROP.
2) DML: Data Manipulation Language enables users to retrieve, update, insert and delete data
in a database. Common DML statements are SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT and DELETE.
*********