International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 16 2018, 3089-3096

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

IOT BASED EARTHQUAKE DETECTION BY THINGSPEAK

1
N N VENKATESH GUPTA2 Mr. S. RINESH,
1
UG Scholar, 2 Assistant Professor,
1,2
Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering,
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
1
venkatesh.gupta17@gmailcom, [email protected].

Abstract- Earthquake early-warning systems detect the first quivering of a major quake, triggering alarm systems
in advance of the most violent shaking. The Alert system that has been proposed for all over the world would use a network
of digital seismometers deployed around the state to give populated areas up to a minute of advance warning (depending on
the location of the epicentre). The alerts would allow businesses, residents and public agencies time to get ready. The
purpose of the study focuses on the sensor data to decide if an earthquake is occurring. Finally experimental results are
provided showing that the system will support the expected performance with the sensor data. A possible extension of the
approach could be implementing one wireless sensor networks using thinkspeak for data acquisition.

Keywords: THINGSPEAK, BOLT-IoT Platform, sensor, microcontroller,rectifier.

INTRODUCTION

When a natural disaster, such as a big individual sensing SPs capabilities. Although an
earthquake, happens, we should first grasp the range and earthquake is totally unpredictable, this research presents
sinuousness of the damaged areas for supporting the a real-time and economic countermeasure to this natural
rescue activities. For collecting the information around hazard. Through opportunistic applications and online
the damaged areas widely and rapidly, the aerial images services into SPs is possible to monitor a whole area,
are useful. In our previous study [l], we have proposed learn their physical characteristics, and most important,
the method of detecting the damaged areas before the detect seismic movements to raise early warnings in
earthquake and after the earthquake. In the method, two order to provide extra time for making better decisions.
images are registered manually, and hence, it is Just to mention, the seismic activity is increasing, and
troublesome for detecting the damaged areas taken by consequently the risk that it occurs also is of interest; so
various locations. In many methods of detecting the that in April 2014 there was a world record number of
damaged areas are not automatically registered. In this large earthquakes greater than 6.5.
paper, we propose a new method of automatic detection
of the damaged areas. The damaged areas are detected METHODOLOGY
automatically and displayed graphically on thinkspeak
webpage by our proposed method. The combining of the EXISTING SYSTEM
sensors accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, etc. and the
different connectivity options allows to have well- As soon as an earthquake is detected, the
equipped IoT devices on our hands and, through these, microcontroller activates a relay that cuts off electricity
automatically monitor our movements, locations, and supply. It also sends pulses to a servo motor attached to
workouts throughout the day; and beyond that, it can be the gas valve which rotates in order to turn a gas valve
the key to the solution of problems in other areas as off, cutting off gas supply. If there is no earthquake event
transportation ,medicine , weather , social , or the but a gas leak is detected, then the microcontroller
seismology, that is the field our research focuses; and platform simply turns off the gas supply[2]. The system
involve us in the new topic of smart cities[1] . While it is also activates a set of emergency alphanumeric displays
true that the quality of Micro-Electro-Mechanical that read “E X I T” once an earthquake is triggered to
Systems (MEMS) sensors, as well as the ones embedded mark the evacuation route for the user. The alarm
into SPs, is lower than specific seismic devices, it is also circuitry consists of a DC buzzer and an LED to warn the
important to consider that with the data collection from a user of a possible earthquake event through the use of
large number of SPs, known as mobile crowd-sensing, it light and sound.
is possible to obtain a huge low cost network that uses

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DISADVANTAGES
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
 Low efficient MICROCONTROLLER
 Not reliable
 Low communication It gets information from sensor and process on it. It
 Low coverage area compares the received data with the threshold level set
 More manual work and accordingly output is generated. The
LPC131/32/34//38 microcontrollers are based on a
16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with concurrent
emulation and entrenched outline holdup, that unite the
PROPOSED SYSTEM
microcontroller with 32KB, 64KB, 128KB, 256KB and
512KB of entrenched.
Quick detection and notification of
earthquake could minimize injuries, fatalities or prevent THIGSPEAK WEBPAGE
a disaster. An accelerometer for earthquake detection
requires both high sensitivity and a wide measurable Thing Speak is an open source “Internet of Things”
range, although high frequency response is not required. application and API to store and retrieve data from
Micro-accelerometers based on various principles have things using HTTP over the Internet or via a Local Area
been developed. With a conventional accelerometer, Network. With ThingSpeak, you can create sensor
logging applications, location tracking applications, and
there is a trade-off between the measurable range and the a social network of things with status updates.
sensitivity, although a servo-mechanism [4] has been https://github.com/iobridge/ThingSpeak This repository
introduced to widen the measurable range without is contains Python module that helps in talking to
lowering the sensitivity. The trade-off relation is ThingSpeak API.
attributed to the fact that the displacement sensor used in
accelerometers does not satisfy the requirements for both MEMS SENSOR:
high sensitivity and wide range. We have noticed that Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), also
MEMS sensor detects the shaking whenever earthquake written as micro-electro mechanical , Micro Electro
Mechanical or microelectronic an micro electro
happens and the data‟s will be updated on thinkspeak.
mechanical systems and the related micromechatronics)
The sensor has no limit to its measuring range, it has a is the technology of microscopic devices, particularly
high accuracy of 20 nm. This is because the measuring those with moving parts. It merges at the nano-scale
range fundamentally depends only on the length of the into nano electromechanical systems (NEMS)
scale, which has no actual limitation, and can be and nanotechnology[3]. MEMS are also referred to
determined independently of the sensitivity. as micromachines in Japan, or micro systems
ADVANTAGES technology (MST) in Europe.

 High reliability
 More efficiency

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

POWER SUPPLY

TRANSFORMER
UNIT

4.1MODULE DESCRIPTION
MICRO-
THINKSPEA
CONTROLLER POWER SUPPLY:
RECTIFIER K WEBPAGE
UNIT
(NODE If you are considering making your own power
MCU) supply then three components are needed: · Transformer
· Bridge rectifier · Smoothing capacitor. The
MEMS
transformer‟s current rating a least 2/3rd „s of the stepper
SENSOR
drive boards capability, so for example: The Rout Out
CNC stepper drivers have a 2.5A limit therefore (2.5 / 3)
X 2 = 1.66A If you had for example 3 boards (X,Y,Z)

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then this would be 1.66 X 3 = 4.98 A Total Current. The supply, to several DC voltages. Switch-mode supplies
DC output voltage of the supply will be 1.4 times the replaced linear supplies due to cost, weight, and size
transformer‟s ac voltage when rectified. For example: An improvement. The diverse collection of output voltages
18 VAC secondary will provide about 25 VDC at the also has widely varying current draw requirements.
output of the smoothed supply. The bridge rectifier‟s
Electric Vehicle power supply
voltage and current ratings must exceed what the supply
will deliver. Finally the minimum filter capacitor size Vehicle is those which rely on energy created
must be calculated. through electricity generation. A power supply unit is
part of the necessary design to convert high voltage
vehicle battery power.
Welding power supply
Uses electricity to melt the surfaces of the metals
in order to join them together through coalescence. The
electricity is provided by a welding power supply, and
can either be AC or DC. Arc welding typically requires
high currents typically between 100 and 350 amperes.
Some types of welding can use as few as 10 amperes,
while some applications of spot welding employ currents
as high as 60,000 amperes for an extremely short time.
Older welding power supplies consisted of transformers
or engines driving generators. More recent supplies use
semiconductors and microprocessors reducing their size
WORKING: and weight.
Aircraft power supply
This article describes in (hopefully) straightforward
terms the operation of a basic power supply unit of the Both commercial and military avionic systems
type used with telecommunications equipment require either a DC-DC or AC/DC power supply to
(switchboards, house exchange systems, plan sets convert energy into usable voltage.
etc).The term power supply is more commonly MICROCONTROLLER:
abbreviated to PSU; this will be used from here on in.
Telecommunications equipment is designed to operate It gets information from sensor and process on it.
on voltages lower than the domestic Mains voltage. In It compares the received data with the threshold level set
order to reduce this voltage a PSU is used. and accordingly output is generated. The
LPC131/32/34//38 microcontrollers are based on a
To provide a useable low voltage the PSU needs to do a 16/32-bit ARM7TDMI-S CPU with concurrent
number of things:- emulation and entrenched outline holdup, that unite the
microcontroller with 32KB, 64KB, 128KB, 256KB and
 Reduce the Mains AC (Alternating current) 512KB of entrenched[4].
voltage to a lower level.
 Convert this lower voltage from AC to DC NODE MCU
Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem of
(Direct current)
connected physical objects that are accessible through
 Regulate the DC output to compensate for
the internet. Internet of Things can connect devices
varying load (current demand)
embedded in various systems to the internet. When
 Provide protection against excessive
devices/objects can represent themselves digitally, they
input/output voltages.
can be controlled from anywhere[4]. The connectivity
then helps us capture more data from more places,
APPLICATION:
ensuring more ways of increasing efficiency and
improving safety.
Computer power supply
The popular because of its size and the number
A modern computer power supply is a switch-mode of pins brought to the side of the board. Recently, more
power supply that converts AC power from the mains

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

development boardS have become available with no peripheral RF parts. There is an approximately
additional sensors, relays, LEDs and voltage regulators immeasurable spray of in sequence accessible for the
on the board. ESP8266, all of which has been provided by amazing
The ESP8266 runs on anything from 2.8 to 3.5 volts, so a community support.
couple of AA batteries will work. Most of us use a 3.3
volt regulated power source[5]. Maximum current draw 4.2 ALGORITHM FOR PROPOSED WORK
is 300 mA, so use a supply that can supply 500 mA to be
THIGSPEAK WEBPAGE:
safe. More is better. A weak or poor quality supply will
cause the board to reset unexpectedly and make Thing Speak is an open source “Internet of
debugging difficult. The NodeMCU Development Things” application and API to store and retrieve data
Board has a USB to 3.3V power supply on the board. from things using HTTP over the Internet or via a Local
Area Network. With ThingSpeak, you can create sensor
logging applications, location tracking applications, and
a social network of things with status updates.
https://github.com/iobridge/ThingSpeak This repository
is contains Python module that helps in talking to
ThingSpeak API.

Things are either sensors or actuators. A sensor is

something that tells us about our environment. Think of a
temperature sensor, or even the GPS receiver on your
Power. mobile phone. Actuators are something that you want to
control, things like thermostats, lights, pumps, and
 +3.3 volts to Vcc
outlets. The “Internet of Things” brings everything
 Ground
together and allows us to interact with our things. For
example, you could have your thermostat control itself
Communications.
based on where you‟re located. ThingSpeak is an
 TxD on the board to RxD on the adapter
application platform for the Internet of Things.
 RxD on the board to TxD on the adapter
ThingSpeak allows you to build an application around
 Ground data collected by sensors. Features of ThingSpeak
Jumpers. include: real-time data collection, data processing,
 Connect Vcc to CH_PD to enable the chip visualizations, apps, and plugins.
 Connect GPI0 to GND to enable flash
reprogramming At the heart of ThingSpeak is a ThingSpeak
Channel. A channel is where you send your data to be
The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained stored. Each channel includes 8 fields for any type of
SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give data, 3 location fields, and 1 status field. Once you have
any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The a ThingSpeak Channel you can publish data to the
ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or channel, have ThingSpeak process the data, and then
offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another have your application retrieve the data.Here is a live
application processor. demo of a light sensor publishing data to ThingSpeak in
real-time.
This unit is authoritative enough onboard
processing and storage capability that allows it to be
MEMS SENSOR:
integrated with the sensors and other application explicit
devices through its GPIOs with minimal development Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), also
upfront and minimal loading during runtime[6]. Its high written as micro-electro-
degree of on-chip integration allows for minimal external mechanical, MicroElectroMechanical or microelectronic
circuitry, including the frontend module, is designed to an microelectromechanical systems and the
occupy minimal PCB area. The ESP8266 provisions related micromechatronics) is the technology of
APSD for VoIP claims and Bluetooth co-existence microscopic devices, particularly those with moving
confines, it comprises a self-calibrated RF leasing it to parts. It merges at the nano-scale
vocation beneath all operational conditions, and involves into nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS)

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

and nanotechnology. MEMS are also referred to

as micromachines in Japan, or micro systems
technology (MST) in Europe[6].
MEMS are made up of components between 1 and
100 micrometres in size (i.e., 0.001 to 0.1 mm), and
MEMS devices generally range in size from 20
micrometres to a millimetre (i.e., 0.02 to 1.0 mm),
although components arranged in arrays (e.g., digital
micro mirror devices) can be more than 1000 mm2. They
usually consist of a central unit that processes data (the
microprocessor) and several components that interact
with the surroundings such as micro sensors.[1] Because
of the large surface area to volume ratio of MEMS, NODE MCU
forces produced by ambient electromagnetism (e.g.,
electrostatic charges and magnetic moments), and fluid NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It
dynamics (e.g., surface tension and viscosity) are more includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi
important design considerations than with larger scale SoC from Espressif Systems, and hardware which is
mechanical devices. MEMS technology is distinguished based on the ESP-12 module[8].The term "NodeMCU"
from molecular nanotechnology or molecular by default refers to the firmware rather than the dev kits.
electronic in that the latter must also consider surface The firmware uses the Lua scripting language. It is based
chemistry. on the eLua project, and built on the Espressif Non-OS
SDK for ESP8266. It uses many open source projects,
The potential of very small machines was
such as lua-cjson and spiffs. This is an introductory
appreciated before the technology existed that could
article for those who already know the Arduino platform
make them (see, for example, Richard Feynman's famous
and are starting the programming the ESP8266 module
1959 lecture There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom).
through the NodeMCU platform or any other
MEMS became practical once they could be fabricated
microcontroller of the same category.
using modified semiconductor device
fabrication technologies, normally used to
The ESP8266 Module:-
make electronics[7].
These include moulding and plating, wet The ESP8266 module is a IoT device consisting
etching (KOH, TMAH) and dry etching (RIE and of a 32-bit ARM microprocessor with support of WIFI
DRIE), electro discharge machining (EDM), and other network and built-in flash memory. This architecture
technologies capable of manufacturing small devices. An allows it to be programmed independently, without the
early example of a MEMS device is the resonistor, an need of other microcontrollers like the Arduino, for
electromechanical monolithic resonator patented by example. The problem is that, to create a development
Raymond J. Wilfinger, [3][4] and the resonant gate environment focused in the ESP8266, we need to build a
transistor developed by Harvey C. Nathanson[5] circuit with other integrated components to facilitate the
work.
Micro-electro-mechanical systems n miniaturized
That's why several projects arose of boards that
mechanical and electro-mechanical elements n having
incorporate the ESP8266, from which we highlight the
some sort of mechanical functionality n convert a
following:
measured mechanical signal into an electrical signal
Fundamentals of MEMS Devices n Silicon q Already in
 NodeLHC
use q Manipulatable conductivity q Allows for
integration n Thin-Film Materials q Silicon dioxide q  ESP201
Silicon nitride  Wemos D1
 Adafruit HUZZAH ESP8266
 NodeMCU

In this article, we will use the NodeMCU board as an

example, but the design can be easily adapted to any
other ESP8266 platform. The NodeMCU Platform

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

NodeMCU is a complete environment of hardware and time architecture and an efficient communication
software for IoT prototyping consisting of the following between actors becomes a requirement.
items:
REFERENCES
 Controller board consisting of a ESP8266
module [1] T. Al-Hussaini, I. Nawrin Chowdhury and M. N. A.
 Micro USB Port to power (5 volts) and Noman, "SeismicHazard Assessment for Bangladesh -
programming
Old and New Perspectives", inFirst International
 10 digital inputs GPIOs operating at 3.3V and
an analog input GPIO to 1.8 V Conference on Advances in Civil Infrastructure
 Development kit based on the Lua language andConstruction Materials, Military Institute of Science
& Technology,Dhaka, 2015.

Advantages
[2] Md Hossain Ali. "Earthquake Database and Seismic
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 Need to learn a new language and IDE er=4. [Accessed: 24- Jun- 2016].
 Reduced pinout
[4] Mohammad Sayeed Hossain, “Estimate of Damage
 Scarce documentation
of Burried GasPipelines in Dhaka City Due to an
Earthquake” MSc. Thesis, Dept. of Civil Eng.,
The NodeMCU programming can be as easy as in
Bangladesh University of Engineering &
Arduino. The main difference is in the pinning of the
Technology,Dhaka, 2013.
board, described below:
[5] R. A. Pelliccia, “Vibration sensor and electrical
CONCLUSION power shut off device”,US4390922 A, 1983.

The designed system was a just a proof of qualitative [6] A. Y. Flig, Paul Regan, “Earthquake utilities cut-off
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earthquakes. The prototype did manage to detect
[7] Swapnil Sayan Saha, Shekh Md. Mahmudul Islam,
simulated earthquake-like tremors with magnitudes of
“Microcontroller Based Automated Domestic Security
4.0.Several improvements may be brought to this
System for Bangladesh Perspective”, in Student
system.A 3 axis accelerometer can replace the FSR for
Conference on Informatics, Electronics & Vision,
detection in all planes independent of frequency.2D
University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 2016.
Multi-gas mapping techniques with cascading module
system over a wireless sensor network can be used to [8] V. Ramya, and B. Palaniappan. "Embedded system
monitor the gas leaks at multiple points. 3. Pattern for Hazardous Gas detection and Alerting." International
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may be integrated into this system . Nowadays, 3 (2012): 287-300.
smartphone applications can answer questions as what,
where, when, and how, about the device‟s surroundings; [9] "MQ-2 Gas Sensor Datasheet", DFRobot, 2016.
and consequently, using different network links provide [Online]. Available:
information about the smartphone‟s environment, http://www.dfrobot.com/image/data/SEN0127/MQ-
community problems or natural risks, as in this case, an 2.pdf. [Accessed: 25- Jun- 2016].
earthquake. It is impossible to know where and when a
seismic event can happen, thus it is known that an [10] T. J. Blasing, "Recent greenhouse gas
earthquake is unpredictable at the epicentre. So, the best concentrations." (2009).
way to mitigate damages in infrastructure, assets and
even human lives, is the early detection, where a real-

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

[11] Rakesh K. Goel, and Anil K. Chopra. "Period

formulas for momentresisting frame buildings." Journal
of Structural Engineering 123.11 (1997): 1454-1461.

[12] A. S. M. M. Kamal, and S. Midorikawa.

"Geomorphological approach for seismic microzoning
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Environment 457 (2006): 1-2.

[13] J. P. Cleveland, et al. "A nondestructive method for

determining the spring constant of cantilevers for
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