Auxiliary

Notebook
Physics
Exclusively for the students of
The Air Force School, Subroto Park

Name : _________________

Class & Section : ______ __

 CONTENTS

S.No. Details Page

1. Practical Details 2

2. Suggested Investigatory Projects 4

3. Recording of experiment in the practical file 5

4. Index 6

5. To find resistance of a given wire/standard resistor using metre bridge. 7

6. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre 8

bridge.

7. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and 10

to find its figure of merit.

8. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of 12

merit) into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

9. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror 13

and to find the focal length.

10. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and 15

v or between 1/u and 1/v.

11. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a 17

graph between angle of incidence and angle of deviation

12. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction in forward bias 19

and reverse bias.

1
 PRACTICAL DETAILS

The record to be submitted by the students at the time of their annual examination
has to include:

Record of at least 8 Experiments [4 from each section], to be performed by the

students.
Record of 6 Activities [3 from each section], to be performed by the students.
The Report of the project to be carried out by the students.

Evaluation Scheme

Time Allowed: Three hours Max. Marks: 30

Two experiments one from each section 7+7 Marks

One Activity 3 Marks

Practical record [experiments and activities] 5 Marks

Investigatory Project 3 Marks

Viva on experiments, activities and project 5 Marks

Total 30 marks

SECTION–A

Experiments

1. To find resistance of a given wire/standard resistor using metre bridge.

2. To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.

3. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find

its figure of merit.

4. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into a

voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

2
 Activities

1. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.

2. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.

3. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery,

resistor/rheostat, key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not

connected in proper order and correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION-B

Experiments

1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to
find
the focal length.

2. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or

between 1/u and 1/v.

3. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph

between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.

4. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse

bias.

Activities

1. To identify a diode, an LED, a resistor and a capacitor from a mixed collection of

such items.

2. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on

a glass slab.

3. To study the nature and size of the image formed by a (i) convex lens, (ii) concave

mirror, on a screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the

candle from the lens/mirror).

3
 Suggested Investigatory Projects
1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/EMF of a cell depends.

2. To study the variations in current flowing in a circuit containing an LDR because

of a variation in

(a) the power of the incandescent lamp, used to 'illuminate' the LDR (keeping all the

lamps at a fixed distance).

(b) the distance of a incandescent lamp (of fixed power) used to 'illuminate' the LDR.

3. To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane

mirror, an equiconvex lens (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an

adjustable object needle.

4. To design an appropriate logic gate combination for a given truth table.

5. To investigate the relation between the ratio of (i) output and input voltage and (ii)

number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self-designed

transformer.

6. To investigate the dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence

using a hollow prism filled one by one, with different transparent fluids.

7. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical styrofoam (or

pith) balls suspended in a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb's law.

8. To study the factor on which the self-inductance of a coil depends by observing the

effect of this coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an

A.C. source of adjustable frequency.

9. To study the earth's magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer

4
 Recording of Experiment in the Practical File

On the Left-hand page (Blank Page) On the Right-hand page (Ruled Page)

Aim

Aim Apparatus

Circuit Diagram/Diagram Theory/Working formula

Observations Procedure

Calculations Result

Precautions

Sources of error

5
 Index

S.No. Experiment Date

Attempt Attempt Attempt
1 2 3
1. To find resistance of a given
wire/standard resistor using metre bridge.

2. To verify the laws of combination (series)

of resistances using a metre bridge.

3. To determine resistance of a galvanometer

by half-deflection method and to find its
figure of merit.

4. To convert the given galvanometer (of

known resistance and figure of merit) into
a voltmeter of desired range and to verify
the same.

5. To find the value of v for different values of

u in case of a concave mirror and to find
the focal length.

6. To find the focal length of a convex lens by

plotting graphs between u and v or
between 1/u and 1/v.

7. To determine angle of minimum deviation

for a given prism by plotting a graph
between angle of incidence and angle of
deviation

8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a

p-n junction in forward bias and reverse
bias.

6
Experiment 1 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

Aim : To find resistance of a given wire/Standard Resistor using metre bridge

Observation Table:

Sr. No. Resistance Length Length= Resistance Mean R

from (l) (100 –l)
Resistance
Box (Ω)

Diagram & Calculations

Result:

Teacher’s Signature

7
Experiment 2 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

Aim: To verify the laws of combination (series) of resistances using a metre bridge.

Resistance Sr. Resistance from Length Length= Resistance Mean R

Coil No. Resistance Box (l) (100 –l) (Ω) (Ω)
(Ω) (cm) (cm)
R1 only

R2 only

R1 and R2
in series

8
Diagram & Calculations

Result:

Teacher’s Signature

9
Experiment 3 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

Aim: To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to

find its figure of merit.

Sr. Resistance Deflection in Half Shunt Galvanometer Resistance

No. R (ohm) galvanometer (θ) Deflection Resistance RS
(θ/2) G= (ohm)
R−S

Diagram & Calculations

10
 Table for Figure of merit

Sr. Reading of Resistance from Deflection Figure of merit

battery R.B. Θ (div.) E
No. eliminator R(ohm) k=
( R + G )

Diagram & Calculations

Result:

Teacher’s Signature

11
Experiment 4 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

Aim: To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit)
into a voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.

Observation Table:

Sr. Reading of converted galvanometer in Standard Difference

No. to voltmeter voltmeter reading (V2- V1)
Deflection (θ) P.D. in volts (volt)
V1= θ × L.C.

Diagram & Calculations

Result:

Teacher’s Signature

12
Experiment 5 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

Aim: To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to
find the focal length.

Observation:

Index Correction ___________

Sr. Position of Observed Corrected F = uv/u+v

No. distance Distance

Concave Object Image U v u v

Mirror needle needle
(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)

13
Diagram & Calculations

Graph: (Scale: Along X axis________

Along Y axis_________

Result:

Teacher’s Signature

14
Experiment 6 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

Aim: To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or

between 1/u and 1/v.

Sr. Position of Observed distance Corrected Distance

No.

Object Lens Image u v u v

needle needle (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)

Diagram & Calculations

15
Graph : Scale: Along X axis________

Along Y axis_________

Quadrant :

Result:

Teacher’s Signature

16
Experiment 7 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph

between angle of incidence and angle of deviation.

Sr. No. Angle of incidence (i) Angle of deviation (δ)

Diagram & Calculations

17
Scale: Along X axis________

Along Y axis_________

Result:

Teacher’s Signature

18
Experiment 8 Attempt No.: __ Date: _________

To draw the I-V characteristic curve for a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse

bias.

Sr. Forward Bias Forward Current

No. voltage (V)

19
 Table for Reverse Bias voltage and Current

Sr. Reverse Bias Reverse Current

No. voltage (V) (μ A)

Diagram & Calculations

20
Scale: Along X axis________ Along Y axis_________

Scale: Along X axis________ Along Y axis_________

21