Disaster Management
Prof. Ankita Sengar
Disaster Trends
Development and relief agencies have long
recognized the important role played by data
and information in mitigating the impacts of
disasters on vulnerable populations.
Systematic collection and analysis of these
data provides invaluable information to
governments and agencies in charge of relief
and recovery activities. It also aids the
integration of health components in
development and poverty alleviation
programs..
Natural Disasters
1900-2011
Natural Disasters Killed
1900-2011
Natural Disasters
affected1900-2011
INCREASING TRENDS OF
DISASTERS
REASONS
Population Increase
Climate Change & Global Warming.
Mega Cities & Urbanization – Add to Multiple
Problems.
Total Disregard of the Nature (Deforestation)
CHALLENGES
Unpredictability Factor – Very High.
Intensity and Severity – Much-Much Higher.
Vulnerability Profile of India
India is vulnerable in varying degrees to a large number of
natural as well as man-made disasters.
Over 40 million hectares (12 per cent of land) is prone to
floods and river erosion.
58.6 per cent of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of
moderate to very high intensity.
Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700 km is prone
to cyclones and tsunamis.
971 Blocks in 183 Districts covering an area of million
hectare identified as drought prone areas and hilly areas
are at risk from landslides and avalanches.
Further, vulnerability to Nuclear, Biological and Chemical
(NBC) disasters and terrorism has also increased.
Road, Rail, Boat accidents Urban Fires, Bldg Collapse, riots,
etc .
India trend
Average Annual Loss in
India
Loss of human life: 7734
Crop area affected: 1.42 million hec
Houses damaged: million
Direct loss: 2.25% of GDP
Indirect psycho-social loss that can not be
quantified
Revenue loss due to less industrial production: 12%
Expenses on relief & rehab Rs 6000 corers
Expenses on reconstruction: Rs 3200 crores
Past Initiatives in India
High Powered Committee under Chairmanship of Shri
J C Pant – August 1999 (Prior to Orissa Super
Cyclone).
Major Recommendations –
* Ushering in a new culture of Disaster Management
– Culture of Preparedness, Culture of Quick Response,
Culture of Strategic Thinking and Culture of
Prevention.
* Institutional Arrangements
Constitutional Amendment to bring the subject of
Disaster Management in Concurrent List.
All Party National Committee under the Chairmanship
of Prime Minister – Feb 2001 (After Gujarat
Earthquake)
Past Initiatives in India
Until 2001 – Responsibility with Agriculture Ministry.
3. Major Recommendations of High Powered Committee
Paradigm shift from Disaster Relief to Disaster Prevention and
Mitigation.
Need for DM Framework at National, State, District and at Local
Levels.
Setting up a separate Ministry of Disaster Management.
Streamline Response through coordination for optimal use of
resources.
4.Until 2001 – Responsibility of managing Disaster with
Agriculture Ministry. After HPC recommendations, it
was transferred to MHA in June 2002 as an Interim
Arrangement.
5.DM Act passed in December 2005
Salient Features – DM Act
DM Structure
National Level
NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon’ble PM as
Chairperson.
DM Structure – At all three levels i.e. National, State
and District
National Executive Committee (NEC) - Secretaries of
14 Ministries and Chief of Staff of Integrated Defence
Staff (CISC)Function as Executive Committee of
NDMA.
Central Ministries will Continue with Nodal
Responsibilities.
NDMA to Provide Guidance, Coordination and
Synergy.
Cont.
State Level
SDMA at State Level, headed by Chief Minister.
State Executive Committee (SEC), headed by Chief
Secretary, will coordinate and monitor
implementation of National Policy, National Plan
and State Plan.
District Level
DDMA headed by District Magistrate.
Chairperson of Zila Parishad as Co-Chairperson –
interface between Govt. and Public.
Mandate of NDMA
Policies on disaster management
Guidelines for preparation of plans by Ministries/
Departments and States
Approve the National Plan
Approve plans prepared by the Ministries or
Departments
Coordinate enforcement & implementation of
policy and plan
Recommend funds for mitigation
Provide support to other countries
Take measures for prevention, mitigation,
preparedness and capacity building
Policies and guidelines for the NIDM.
Emergencies to be Dealt With
by Extant Mechanism
Terrorism (Counter-Insurgency).
Law and Order Situation.
Serial Bomb Blasts.
Hijacking.
Air accidents.
Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)
Weapon Systems
Mine Disasters.
Ports and Harbour Emergencies.
Forest Fires.
Oil Spills Oil Field Fires
All Cross Cutting Themes will be handled by the
NDMA.
Thank You
