IGCSE Language B
Section C (Writing)
Agree / Disagree Essays
(Discursive Writing)
Exam Requirements
• Word limit: ~400 words (350–420 ideal)
• Marks: 30 (AO4 – Purpose & Audience, AO5 – Accuracy)
• Choose ONE question from the section (descriptive / narrative /
discursive)
• Use formal, academic tone
AO4: Purpose & Audience
• Respond directly to the question
• Maintain logical progression of ideas
• Paragraphs with a clear main idea
• Use cohesive devices to connect ideas
AO5: Accuracy & Language Variety
• Correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling
• Use varied sentence structures:
• Complex sentences
• Relative clauses
• Conditionals
• Wide and precise vocabulary
• Avoid repeating simple words like good, bad, important
Structure: Totally Agree / Disagree
• Introduction:
• Hook sentence
• Paraphrase the question
• State your stance clearly
• BP1: First reason – Explain – Example
• BP2: Second reason – Explain – Example
• BP3: Address opposing view – Rebuttal
• Conclusion: Summarize stance & main points
Structure: Partially Agree / Disagree
• Introduction:
• Hook sentence
• Paraphrase the question
• Balanced stance (agree to some extent)
• BP1: Reason for agreement
• BP2: Reason for disagreement
• BP3: Weigh both sides – Final opinion
• Conclusion: Restate balanced stance
Topic Sentences
• Begin each paragraph with a strong main idea
• Examples:
• One major advantage of owning a car is the convenience it offers.
• However, critics argue that…
Effective Introductions
• Hook → Paraphrase → Stance
• Example:
• In today’s fast-paced world, private cars have become
essential for many. While some believe they are a
necessity, others highlight their negative impact. This
essay argues that…
Step 1: Hook
• Purpose: Grab the reader’s attention from the start
• How: Begin with a general statement about the topic (NOT your opinion
yet)
• Examples:
• It cannot be denied that technology has transformed modern life.
• Education has always played an essential role in shaping societies.
• Tips:
• Avoid clichés like "Since the dawn of time“
• Keep it broad but relevant
Step 2: Paraphrase
• Purpose: Show you understand the question and can restate it
in your own words
• How:
• Reword the statement in the question
• Keep meaning the same
• Examples:
• While technology, especially computers, has altered classroom
dynamics, the teacher’s role remains vital.
Step 3: Stance
• Purpose: Clearly state your position (agree, disagree, or partly
agree)
• How:
• Use direct and confident language
• Avoid vague words like “maybe” or “I think”
• Examples:
• This essay will argue that despite technological changes, teachers are
still essential in education.
Full Example
• Question: Some people believe owning a car has more advantages than
disadvantages.
• Introduction:
• Hook: Cars have become an inseparable part of daily life, shaping the way we
live, work, and travel.
• Paraphrase: While private cars provide convenience and freedom, they also
bring environmental and traffic problems.
• Stance: This essay agrees that the benefits of car ownership outweigh the
drawbacks.
Tips & Reminders
• Keep introduction 40–50 words
• Make sure each part flows logically: Hook → Paraphrase → Stance
• Avoid copying question words exactly
• AO5 focus: Show control of ideas and clarity from the start
Effective Conclusions
• Restate your stance
• Summarise key points
• Avoid new ideas
• Example:
• In conclusion, although private cars have drawbacks, their
benefits for convenience and independence outweigh the
negatives.
Linking & Cohesive Devices
• However
• Therefore
• Moreover
• On the other hand
• As a result
Use a variety; avoid repetition of the same linker
Word Limit Awareness
• Too short (<320 words): Ideas underdeveloped
• Too long (>450 words): Risk of losing focus
• Practice timed writing to hit the target range
Practice Task
Question:
• Some parents believe children should be given corporal
punishment at school. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
• Plan ideas using the chosen structure.
• Write within 400 words.
Final Tips
• Plan: 5 minutes
• Write: 25 minutes
• Check: 5 minutes
• Balance content and language accuracy
• Always proofread for grammar, spelling, and clarity
