Punjab Himalayas
It lies between the Indus River in the west and the Sutlej River in the east.
also known as Kashmir and Himachal Himalayas.
Nearly, all the ranges such as Karakoram, Pir Panjal, Ladakh, Zanskar and Dhauladhar are prominent in this
section.
It is dominated by high snow-covered mountains, deep gorges, and high mountain passes.
Kumaon Himalayas
It lies between the Satluj River in the west and the Kali River in the east.
It is also known as Garhwal Himalayas in the west.
As compared to the Kashmir Himalayas, this region is more loftier.
Prominent peaks – Nanda Devi, Trisul, Kedarnath, Dunagiri, Kamet, Badrinath, etc.
major hill stations such as Nainital, Ranikhet, and Almora.
Nepal Himalayas
It stretches from the Kali River in the west to the Tista River in the east.
tallest peaks in the world, - Mount Everest, Kanchenjunga, Dhaulagiri, etc.
The famous Valley of Kathmandu is located in this region.
Assam Himalayas
lies between the Tista River in the west and the Brahmaputra River in the east.
In India, it covers the states such as Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
This sector is much lower in elevation when compared to the Nepal Himalayas.
The Himalayas make a sudden turn towards the south in the region of Arunachal Pradesh. Hence, ranges in the
Assam Himalayas region are arranged in the north-south direction.
Prominent peaks – Namcha Barwa, Gyala Peri, Kengto, and Nyegyi Kangsang. Namcha Barwa is the highest
peak in this region.
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Indo Gangetic Plains
Indo-Gangetic plain is a monotonous aggradational plain formed due to fluvial depositions.
aggradational plain == plain formed due to depositional activity.
Longitudinal Profile – Indo Gangetic Plains
Bhabhar Region Terai Bhangar Khadar
narrow, porous, an ill-drained, damp extends over the whole composed
northernmost stretch of the (marshy) and thickly Gangetic plain of newer
Indo-Gangetic plain forested narrow Bhangar is the older alluvium and
about 8-16 km wide running in tract to the south of alluvium forms the flood
an east-west direction Bhabar running terraces are often plains along the
show a remarkable continuity parallel to it impregnated with river banks
from the Indus to the Tista about15-30 km wide calcareous concretions most fertile soils
streams disappear once they underground streams known as ‘KANKAR’. of Ganges
reach the bhabar region of the Bhabar belt re- The Barind plains’ in the Reh or Kollar
because of this porosity emerge in this belt deltaic region of Bengal comprises saline
Bhabar belt is Tarai soils are and the ‘bhur efflorescences of
comparatively narrow in the Nitrogen-rich and formations’ in the drier areas in
east have a humus middle Ganga and Haryana
Bhabhar zones stretches content Yamuna doab are
from Punjab to Assam regional variations of
Himalayas Bhangar.
Bhangar contains fossils
It has a complex profile and
of animals
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general slope of 1:6000
The area is not suitable for
agriculture and only big trees
with large roots thrive in this
belt.
Indian Peninsular Plateau (Deccan Plateau)
Plateaus are flat and elevated landform that rises sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side
Features of the Peninsular Plateau
Roughly triangular in shape. The apex of the triangular plateau is at Kanniyakumari.
It covers a total area of about 16 lakh sq km (India as a whole is 32 lakh sq km).
The average height of the plateau is 600-900 m above sea level
The Peninsular Plateau is one of the oldest landforms of earth.
It is a highly stable block composed mostly of the Archaean gneisses and schists.
Marwar Plateau or Mewar Plateau Central Highland Bundelkhand Upland
Banas river flows through it Chambal river which flows in made of granite and sandstone
a rift valley
unfit for cultivation
To the north are the ravines or characterized by senile
badlands of the Chambal river (characteristic of or caused by old
age) topography.
Streams like Betwa,
Dhasan, and Ken flow through
the plateau.
Malwa Plateau Baghelkhand Rohtas Plateau
North of the Maikal Range is the also referred to as Kaimur Plateau
This plateau has two systems of Baghelkhand
drainage; one towards the It is bounded by the Son river on
Arabian sea (The Narmada, the north.
the Tapi, and the Mahi), and the central part of the plateau acts as
other towards the Bay of Bengal a water divide between
(Chambal and Betwa, joining the the Son drainage system in the
Yamuna) north and the Mahanadi river
It is composed of the system in the south
extensive lava flow and is
covered with black soils.
marked by the Chambal ravines.
Bhander Plateau Chotanagpur Plateau
state of Madhya Pradesh Mostly in Jharkhand, the northern part of Chhatisgarh and Purulia district of
It links the Deccan Plateau to the West Bengal
south with the Indo-Gangetic This plateau is composed mainly of Gondwana rocks
Plains and the Chota Nagpur presents a radial drainage pattern
Plateau to the north and east Damodar River flows through the middle of this region in a rift valley from
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