5. Methanol and Ethanol form an ideal solution.
Compute the VLE data at 760 mm Hg pressure,
Vapour pressure Data:
Vapour pressure, mm Hg 2Œ1 400 760 1520
Temperature,°C, Ethanol 48.4 62.5 78.4 97.5
Temperature,°C, Methanol 34.8 49.9 64.7 84.0
Plot vapour pressure vs temperature for both the components and compute T vs. VP for Methanol and T
vs. VP for Ethanol as shown in Fig. 9.34.
6. It is desired to separate a feed mixture containing 40% heptane and 60% ethyl benzene, such that
60% of the feed is distilled out. Estimate the composition of the residue and distillate when the
distillation process is (i) equilibrium distillation, and (ii) differential distillation.
Equilibrium Data:
0 0.08 0.185 0.251 0.335 0.489 0.651 0.79 0.914 1.0
y 0 0.233 0.428 0.514 0.608 0.729 0.814 0.910 0.963 1.0
z, y: Mole fraction of heptane in liquid and vapour phase respectively
7 A feed mixture containing 50 mole % Hexane and 50 mole % Octane is fed into a pipe still through a
pressure reducing valve and flashed into a chamber. The fraction of feed converted to vapour is
0.6. Find the composition of the distillate and residue
z 0 4.5 19.2 40 69 100
y 0 17.8 53.8 78 93.2 100
z, y mole percent of Hexane in liquid and vapour phase respectively
8 A equimolar feed mixture containing A and B is differentially distilled such that 70% of the
feed is distilled out. Estimate the composition of the distillate and residue.
Equilibrium data
x 0 1 8 14 21 29 37 46 56 66 97 100
y 0 3 16 28 39 50 59 65 76 83 99 100
x, y: mole fraction of benzene in liquid and vapour phase respectively
9 A liquid mixture of components A and B containing 30 mole percent A is subjected to differential
distillation. What percentage of the original mixture must be distilled off in order to increase the concentration of
A in the residue to 65 mole percent?
The relative volatility of B in respect of A is 2.15.
10 Nitrobenzene (NB) has to be steam distilled. If the vaporization efficiency is 85%. estimate the
amount of nitrobenzene in the distillate if 100 kg of steam is present in distillate. The distillation takes
place at a total pressure of 760 mm Hg.
Vapour pressure data for nitrobenzene:
T°, C 44.4 71.6 84.9 99.3 115.4 125.8 139.9 185.8 210.6
VP of NB mm Hg 1 5 10 20 40 60 100 400 760
11 A methanol—water solution containing 36 mole % methanol at 26.7°C is continuously distilled
to yield a distillate containing 91.5 mole % methanol and a residue containing 99 mole 'Zo water. The
feed enters at its bubble point. Distillate is totally condensed and refluxed at its bubble point. (i) Find the
minimum reflux ratio. (ii) For a reflux ratio of 3, estimate the number of plates by Ponchon—Savarit
methc›d.
Enthalpy data:
12 A continuous distillation column is used to separate a feed mixture at its boiling point, containing 24
mole % acetone and 76 mole % methanol into a distillate product containing 77 mole % acetone and a residue
product containing 5 mole % acetone. A reflux ratio of twice the minimum is to be used. The overall plate
efficiency is 60%. Determine the number of plates required for the separation.
13 A fractionating column separates a liquid mixture entering at 5000 kmol/h containing 50
mole % A and 50 mole % B into an overhead product of 95 mole % A and a bottom product of 96
mole % B. A reflux ratio of twice the minimum will be used and the feed enters at its boiling point.
Determine the number of theoretical stages required and the location of feed point.
14 A mixture of benzene and toluene containing 38 mole % of benzene is to be separated to give a
product of 90 mole % benzene at the top, and the bottom product with 4 mole % benzene. The feed
enters the column boiling point and vapour leaving the column is simply condensed and provide
product and reflux. It is proposed to operate the unit with a reflux ratio of 3.0. Locate the feed plate
and number of plates. The vapour pressures of pure benzene and toluene are 1460 and 584 mm
Hg respectively. Total pressure is 750 mm Hg.
15 It is desired to separate a mixture of 50% vapourand 50% saturated liquid in a plate type
distillation column. The feed contains 45 mole % A and the top (Product is to contain 96 mole %
A. The bottom product is to contain 5 mole % A. Determine the minimum reflux ratio and
the number of theoretical plates needed if a reflux ratio of twice the minimum is used. Eq.
data:
16 A fractionating column separates a liquid mixture containing 50 weight % chloroform and 50
weight % carbon disulphide into an overhead product of 94 weight % CS2anda bottom product of 95
weight % chloroform. A reflux ratio of twice the minimum will be used and the feed enters at its boiling
point. Determine the number of theoretical stages required
17 A laboratory rectification column is operated at atmospheric pressure and at total reflux, for benzene—
chlorobenzene mixture. Samples of liquid from the condenser and reboiler analyze 95 mole percent benzene
and 98 mole percent chlorobenzene respectively. Assuming a perfect reboiler, a total condenser, constant
molal overflow and no heat loss from the tower, calculate the actual number of plates in the column. The
average plate efficiency is 70%. The relative volatility of benzene to chlorobenzene is 4.13.
18 A continuous rectification column is used to separate a binary mixture of A and B. Distillate is
produced at a rate of 100 kmol/hr and contains 95 mole % A. The mole fractions of A in the
liquid (x) and in the vapour
(y) respectively from the two adjacent ideal plates in the enriching section are as follows:
