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A Survey on Hybrid Optical Amplifiers

Article in Indian Journal of Science and Technology · December 2016

DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i1/106879

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 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(47), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i47/106879, December 2016 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645

A Survey on Hybrid Optical Amplifiers

Poda Ramanjaneyulu* and Rajan Miglani
Department of Electronics and Communication, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India; anjipoda@gmail.com,
rajan.16957@lpu.co.in

Abstract
The optical fiber communication gains wide attraction in present time. With this communication technique, information can
be sent with high data rates and low cost equipment. As there are various advantages of optical amplifier communication
but its performance reduces by light dispersion effects. At the receiver end we use various types of optical amplifiers
which can amplify these signals. In this paper we review that the hybrid optical amplifiers are combination of one or more
amplifiers to remove the drawbacks of individual amplifiers.

Keywords: EDFA Amplifier, Hybrid Amplifiers, RAMAN Amplifier, SOA Amplifier

Wavelength Division Multiplexing DWDM and each of

1. Introduction
the amplifiers must have different bandwidth (Figure 1).
In communication system the amplifier optical fiber Basically, there are three main elements in fiber optic
communication is widely used now days because of its communication system2. They are Compact light source,
properties to provide higher data rates, its low cost etc. Low less Optical fiber and Photo detector.
In optical fiber communication the light is used as car- Depending on the application like local area network
ries and it transmit through thin fiber like structures these light source are required. In this they include power,
made from glass (silica)1. The light is provided by vari- speed, noise, etc. light emitting diode and laser diode are
ous sources like: Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and laser. the main components used in the light sources
If the optical moves with the Standard Signal Mode Fiber Optical fiber well known as the cylindrical dielectric
(SSMF) it gets dissipate with the fiber and speed of data waveguide which is made up of low loss material. It is
is high enough (> 15 Gb/s), it get change due to diffrac- made up of high quality extruded glass and it is flexible
tion dispersions. To stop these dissipation we use Optical the diameter of this cable in 0.25 to 0.5mm
Fiber Amplifiers (OFA) are used. After the OFA the sys- The main principle of photo detector is to convert
tem has problems like amplified sudden emission. As the light signal to electrical signal. Depending on the user
signal goes increases the ASE noise will gather the OFA. wavelength PN photo diode and avalanche photo diode
The bandwidth of the optical fiber is great if the S-band, is used
C-band and L-band are utilized properly. so that optical
amplifiers are designed to amplify the signal with the fiber,
there must be more gain, more distance from end to end
2. Hybrid Amplifiers
amplifier as long as signal not deform due to high optical An optical amplifier is a device which amplifies the sig-
power. To make use of the bandwidth we use the Dense nal directly without converting into the electrical signals.

Figure 1. Basic block diagram of optical fiber communication.

*Author for correspondence

 A Survey on Hybrid Optical Amplifiers

This works on the principle of stimulated emission. fier is little high power pump laser when compared to
Stimulated emission is a process where an incoming pho- other amplifiers and wavelength division multiplexing
ton of a specific frequency can interact with the atomic WDM. Here the amplification occur itself in the fibre and
electron causing to drop a lower energy level .Some of the it is distributed in the path it has a wide bandwidth of
Amplifiers are discussed below 10nm.It can amplify up to 10db in optical fiber. Raman
amplifier is combined with EDFA to expand gain flat-
2.1 EDFA tened bandwidth. Raman gain in optical fibre occur from
the transfer of power from one optical beam to another
Erbium doped fiber amplifier consists of three basic com-
through the energy of photon .If we insert an optical
ponents: length of EDF, wavelength selective coupler and
beam in the optical fibre then the Raman scattering occur
pump laser. The fibre length used depends upon the pump
in an silica glass then the signal passes through the fibre
potential, input significance and pumping wavelength. and the frequency around it shift through pump5. Raman
These EDFA can be used large in size in optical fibre com- amplifier based on two cases Raman amplifier distributed
munication system as the compatibility with the optical and discrete. Here the amplification occurs according to
fibre3. EDFA is capable of amplifying all the wavelength the fibre between two stations and it is near the transmit-
ranging from 1500 to 1600nm.there are only C-band and ter then it is forwarded pump or if it is near to the receiver
L- band windows for wavelength they allow data signal it is reverse pump (Figure 4).
to simulate the atoms to replace photon. More EDFA are
pumped by lasers with a wavelength of either 980nm or
1450nm (Figure 2).

Figure 4. Diagram of Raman amplifier.

2.3 Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

Semiconductor optical amplifiers are typically used
Figure 2. Block diagram of EDFA amplifier.
as a power booster for the optical amplifier and it pro-
vide amplification for long distance communication.
Demerit of EDFA is different gain for different wave-
Semiconductor optical amplifier is a modified semicon-
length due to doping concentrate and EYCDF suppresses
ductor laser which has different reflectivity and different
concentric quenching affect results in higher gain with
wavelength. When weak signals are transmitter to the
flatness under pump power4. Different applications for
active region of which is stimulate emission result in
the EDFA amplifier are shown in Figure 3.
strong signal emitted from semiconductor (Figure 5).

Figure 3. Application diagram of EDFA amplifier.

Figure 5. Diagram of SOA amplifier.
2.2 Raman Amplification
Raman amplifier based upon the gain which results from Drawbacks of semiconductor optical amplifier high
the effect of stimulated Raman scattering. Raman ampli- coupling loss polarization dependence a higher noise they

2 Vol 9 (47) | December 2016 | www.indjst.org Indian Journal of Science and Technology
 Poda Ramanjaneyulu and Rajan Miglani

are typically used for construction of the small package the bandwidth also increases and it is observed from the
and they work or 1310 and 1550 nm system6. investigation of DWM system with the 25Ghz channels
and it is observed that all the smooth output spectrum
is obtained when all the input power is at 3 mw and it is
3. Literature Review on Hybrid determined without using any flattering techniques.
Amplifiers
Using the Er-Yb co-doped amplifier we have proposed the 4. Future Scope on Hybrid
flat gain optical gain hybrid amplifier7. The contribution
Amplifiers
for this paper is to implement the flat gain hybrid ampli-
fier based upon the cheapest standard optical amplifiers. In this paper, we have explained about different types
After the investigation of the various hybrid amplifiers of of hybrid amplifiers which are combination of Raman
dense wavelength and division multiplexing, observed amplifier and EDFA and for others amplifiers it can be
EDFA-Raman amplifier is the best combination for the extended with gain media. In future there is also a scope
better results. It is observed that the Raman amplifier is for increasing the performance of hybrid amplifiers for
used as a booster for the hybrid distributed Raman ampli- the combination of two or more amplifiers.
fier and erbium doped filters. Due to the dynamics gain
in the hybrid amplifier this distortion of the pulse shape
and cross talk between the symbols presents. The results
5. Conclusion
in terms of the gain flatness, cost brings the good perfor- According to this study, we have presented a technique
mance and will be suitable for the next generation for the which will increase the gain of the amplifier by reduc-
DWDM network. ing the attenuation and loss of the signal strength. By
In this paper we are going to investigate the gain adopting various types of hybrid optical amplifiers like
spectrum of a gain clamped amplifier under the various EDFA, Raman amplifier and SOA best performance can
operating conditions and wavelength must be stabilized8. be achieved when compared to the existing techniques.
Mach-zehnder is used to equal the gain clamped and Hybrid amplifiers have proven effective in DWDM sys-
immune the signal to the input where the power in the tems to increase long distance having efficient band width
range of WDM technologies. Due to the high optical with nonlinear effects
gain and value the realization of ideal gain flattered spec-
trum with fixed gain independent to operating industries
clamping and gain flattered operates within in the range 6. References
of 70nm spectral to 1555nm using these mach-zehnder 1. Mahmud wasfi. Optical Amplifiers Review, International
equalizer. Journal of Communication Networks and Information
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multiplexing ring network where the lambda are source 2. Internet Sources Wikipedia. Different Types of Elements of
at network node and lambda is considered as the virtual Optical Communication.
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rate is find out using the linbo3neai. Here we are demon- Hybrid Optical Amplifiers in WDM Systems, June 2010.
strating four node metro WDM ring network in which all 4. Prince Jain, Kadam Vashist, Neena Gupta. Comparison
the wavelength are sourced to one node and each wave- Study of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers (IJSRET), 2014 Dec.
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2014.
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6. Biswanth Mukherjee. Optical WDM Networks. Springer
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New York, 2006.
Flat gain L-band propose hybrid optical amplifier
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using the two stages of DRA EDFA hybrid amplifiers we 8. Yuichi Takushima, Kazuro Kikuchi. Gain Spectrum
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Vol 9 (47) | December 2016 | www.indjst.org Indian Journal of Science and Technology 3
 A Survey on Hybrid Optical Amplifiers

9. Reichmann KC, Iannone PP, Birk M, Frigo NJ, Barbier D, 10. Singh S, Kaler RS. Flat Gain L-band Raman-EDFA
Cassagnettes C, Garret T, Verlucco A, Perrier S, Philipsen Hybrid Optical Amplifier for Dense Wavelength Division
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WDM Ring Network Featuring Cascaded Erbium-Doped
Waveguide Amplifiers, 2001 Oct.

4 Vol 9 (47) | December 2016 | www.indjst.org Indian Journal of Science and Technology

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