The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

In the Name of Allah the Merciful, the ‫اﻟﺮ ِﺣﯿﻢ‬

‫اﻟﺮﺣْ َﻤﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ ِﻢ ﷲِ ﱠ‬
ْ ‫ِﺑ‬
Compassionate

َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬
‫ﺳ ﯿِّ ِﺪﻧَﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ُم‬
‫ﺼ َﻼة ُ َواﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ﺪُ ِ ِ َربّ ِ اﻟﻌَ ﺎﻟَ ِﻤﯿﻦَ َواﻟ ﱠ‬
Praise be to Allah the Lord of Creation. Prayers and َ ‫ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ﺧَﺎﺗ َِﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِﯿِﯿﻦَ َوإِ َﻣ ِﺎم اﻟ ُﻤ ْﺮ‬
. َ‫ﺳﻠِﯿﻦ‬
peace be upon our Master Muhammad, the Seal of
the Prophets and the Imam of the Messengers. ُ‫ﺼ ِﺤﯿ ُﺢ ِإ ْﯾ َﻤﺎﻧِ ِﮫ ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓَ ﺔ‬ْ َ ‫ ﺗ‬:(‫ﻒ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟ ُﻤ َﻜﻠﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺐ‬ ِ ‫)أ َ ﱠو ُل َﻣﺎ‬
ُ ‫ﯾﺠ‬
The first obligation upon the responsible one is to ‫ﺎر ِة‬
َ ‫اﻟﻄ َﮭ‬‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة َو ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﯿ ِﻨ ِﮫ َﻛﺄ َﺣْ َﻜ ِﺎم اﻟ ﱠ‬َ ‫ض‬ َ ‫ﺼ ِﻠ ُﺢ ِﺑ ِﮫ ﻓَ ْﺮ‬ْ ُ‫َﻣ ﺎ ﯾ‬
correct his faith. Then [he must] know what is ‫ﻒ‬َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ ُﺣ ﺪُو ِد ﷲِ َوﯾَ ِﻘ‬ َ ‫ﻆ‬َ ِ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ أ َ ْن ﯾُ َﺤ ﺎﻓ‬
َ (‫ﺐ‬ ُ ‫)وﯾَ ِﺠ‬
َ .‫اﻟﺼ ﯿَ ِﺎم‬ّ ِ ‫َو‬
necessary to correct his farḍ ʿayn, such as the rules of ‫ﻂ‬ َ ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎﻧَﮫُ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ أ َ ْن ﯾَ ْﺴ َﺨ‬ ُ ِ‫ﻮب إِﻟ ﻰ ﷲ‬ َ ُ َ
َ ‫ِﻋ ْﻨ ﺪَ أ ْﻣ ِﺮ ِه َوﻧَ ْﮭﯿِ ِﮫ َوﯾَﺘ‬
prayer, purification and fasting. The responsible .‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬
one is obligated to preserve the boundaries of Allāh
َ
 and observe His commands and prohibitions. The
responsible one must repent before Allāh  َ‫ َواﻟ ِﻨّﯿﱠﺔُ أ َ ْن َﻻ َﯾﻌُ ﻮد‬،‫ﺎت‬
َ َ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣﺎ ﻓ‬ َ ‫ط اﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﻮ َﺑ ِﺔ( اﻟﻨﱠﺪَ ُم‬ ُ ‫ﺷ ُﺮو‬ ُ ‫) َو‬
becomes angry with him. ِ ‫ َوأ َ ْن ﯾَﺘْ ُﺮ َك اﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ‬،‫ﻋ ُﻤ ِﺮ ِه‬
‫ﺼ ﯿَﺔَ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺐ ﻓِﯿ َﻤﺎ ﺑَ ِﻘ‬ٍ ‫إِﻟَﻰ ذَ ْﻧ‬
ً ِّ‫ﻋﺘِ َﮭﺎ إِ ْن َﻛﺎنَ ُﻣﺘ َﻠَﺒ‬
‫ﺴﺎ ﺑِ َﮭﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎ‬
َ
The conditions of repentance (tawbah) are:

1. Remorse over what was done,

2. An intention never to return to the sin for
the rest of his life, and ‫َو َﻻ ﯾَ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ﻟَ ﮫُ أ َ ْن ﯾُ َﺆ ِ ّﺧ َﺮ اﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﻮﺑَ ﺔَ َو َﻻ ﯾَﻘُ ﻮ َل َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ ﯾَ ْﮭ ِﺪﯾَﻨِﻲ‬
3. To leave the sin immediately if he was in the َ ‫ﺎء َو ْاﻟ ُﺨ ْﺬ َﻻ ِن َو‬
midst of performing it.
.ِ‫ﯿﺮة‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬ ِ َ‫ط ْﻤ ِﺲ اﻟﺒ‬ ِ َ‫ﺸﻘ‬ ‫ت اﻟ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ َﻼ َﻣﺎ‬ َ ‫ﷲُ؛ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠﮫُ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬

It is not permissible to delay repentance (tawbah)

nor to say, “I will repent once Allāh  guides me.” ‫ﺎء َو ْاﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ َﻜ ِﺮ َواﻟ َﻜ َﻼ ِم‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬َ ْ‫ﺴﺎﻧِ ِﮫ ِﻣﻦَ ْاﻟﻔَﺤ‬ َ ‫ﻆ ِﻟ‬ُ ‫ﻋ َﻠ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِﺣ ْﻔ‬
َ (‫ﺐ‬ُ ‫) َو َﯾ ِﺠ‬
Verily this is from amongst the signs of ‫ﺎن ﱠ‬
wretchedness (shaqā’), abandonment (khudhlān), and
‫ﺳ ﺒِّ ِﮫ‬
َ ‫ َو‬،‫ﺎر اﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴ ِﻠ ِﻢ َوإِ َھﺎﻧَﺘِ ِﮫ‬ِ ‫ َوا ْﻧﺘِ َﮭ‬،‫ق‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻄ َﻼ‬ ِ ‫ْاﻟﻘَﺒِ ﯿﺢِ َوأ َ ْﯾ َﻤ‬
blinding of the spiritual inner sight (baṣīra). .‫ﻲ‬ ٍّ ‫ﻖ ﺷ َْﺮ ِﻋ‬ ٍ ّ ‫ﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ َﺣ‬َ ‫َوﺗ َ ْﺨ ِﻮﯾ ِﻔ ِﮫ ﻓِﻲ‬

It is an obligation for the responsible one to protect

his tongue from:

1. Foul speech
2. Evil speech
3. Ugly words
4. Swearing by divorce َ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِﺣ ْﻔ‬
‫ َو َﻻ‬،‫ﻈ ِﺮ ِإﻟَ ﻰ اﻟ َﺤ َﺮ ِام‬ َ ‫ﺼ ِﺮ ِه‬
َ َ‫ﻆ ﺑ‬ َ (‫ﺐ‬ ُ ‫) َوﯾَ ِﺠ‬
5. Ridiculing a Muslim
ْ
‫ﻈ َﺮ ِإﻟَﻰ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ِﺑﻨَﻈ َﺮةٍ ﺗ ُﺆْ ِذﯾ ِﮫ ِإ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن َﯾ ُﻜ ﻮنَ ﻓَﺎ ِﺳ ﻘًﺎ‬ ُ ‫َﯾ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ﻟَﮫُ أ َ ْن َﯾ ْﻨ‬
6. Mocking a Muslim
7. Cursing a Muslim .ُ‫ﺐ ِھﺠْ َﺮاﻧُﮫ‬ ُ ‫ﻓَ َﯿ ِﺠ‬
8. Frightening a Muslim without a valid reason.

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

It is an obligation upon the responsible one to ‫ َوأ َ ْن‬،‫ع‬ َ ‫ﻄﺎ‬ َ َ ‫ﻆ َﺟ ِﻤﯿ ﻊِ َﺟ َﻮ ِار ِﺣ ِﮫ َﻣ ﺎ ا ْﺳ ﺘ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِﺣ ْﻔ‬َ (‫ﺐ‬ ُ ‫) َوﯾَ ِﺠ‬
protect his eyes from looking at the prohibited. It is ْ
‫ َو َﯾ ﺄ ُﻣ َﺮ‬،ُ‫ﺐ ﻟَ ﮫ‬ َ ‫ﻀ‬ َ ‫ﺿ ﻰ ﻟَ ﮫُ َو َﯾ ْﻐ‬ َ ‫ﺾ ﻟَ ﮫُ َو َﯾ ْﺮ‬ َ َ‫ﯾ ُِﺤ ﺐﱠ ِ ﱠ ِ َو َﯾ ْﺒﻐ‬
not permissible for him to look at a Muslim in a way
that harms him. This is unless the person is a
ُ‫ِب َواﻟ ِﻐﯿ َﺒ ﺔ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ اﻟ َﻜ ﺬ‬ َ ‫ َو َﯾﺤْ ُﺮ ُم‬،‫ﻋ ِﻦ ْاﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ َﻜ ِﺮ‬ َ ‫وف َو َﯾ ْﻨ َﮭﻰ‬ ِ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﺮ‬
transgressor (fāsiq) in which case one must not keep ُ‫ﺴ ﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺴ ْﻤﻌَﺔُ َو ْاﻟ َﺤ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﯾَ ﺎ ُء َواﻟ ﱡ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﺐ َو‬ ُ ْ‫َواﻟﻨﱠ ِﻤﯿ َﻤ ﺔُ َو ْاﻟ ِﻜ ْﺒ ُﺮ َو ْاﻟﻌُﺠ‬
his company. ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ ْاﻟﻐَ ْﯿ ِﺮ َو ْاﻟ َﮭ ْﻤ ُﺰ َو اﻟﻠﱠ ْﻤ ُﺰ َو‬ َ ‫ﻀ ِﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﺾ َو ُرؤْ ﯾَ ﺔُ ْاﻟﻔ‬ ُ ‫َو ْاﻟ ﺒُ ْﻐ‬
ُ‫ﻈ ُﺮ ِإﻟَ ﻰ اﻷ َﺟْ ﻨَ ِﺒﯿﱠ ِﺔ َواﻟﺘ ﱠﻠَ ﺬﱡذ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺰﻧَ ﺎ َواﻟﻨﱠ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﺴ ْﺨ ِﺮﯾَﺔُ َو‬ ‫ﺚ َواﻟ ﱡ‬ ُ َ‫ْاﻟ َﻌﺒ‬
It is an obligation upon the responsible one to
protect his limbs to the best of his ability. He must ‫ﺐ ﻧَ ْﻔ ٍﺲ َواﻷ َ ْﻛ ُﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺎس ِﺑﻐَ ْﯿ ِﺮ ِطﯿ‬ ِ ‫ِﺑ َﻜ َﻼ ِﻣ َﮭ ﺎ َوأ َ ْﻛ ُﻞ أ َ ْﻣ َﻮا ِل اﻟﻨﱠ‬
love, hate, be pleased and be angry for the sake of .‫ﻋ ْﻦ أ َ ْوﻗَﺎ ِﺗ َﮭﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة‬‫ﯿﺮ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ِﯾﻦ َوﺗ َﺄ ْ ِﺧ‬
ِ ّ‫ﻋ ِﺔ أ َ ْو اﻟﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺸﻔَﺎ‬‫ِﺑﺎﻟ ﱠ‬
Allāh . The responsible one must enjoin
righteousness and forbid evil. He is prohibited
from:

1. Lying (kadhib)
2. Backbiting (ghība)
3. Carrying tales (namīma)
4. Arrogance (kibr)
5. Vanity (ʿujb)
6. Showing off (rīyā’)
7. Bragging (sumʿa)
8. Jealousy (ḥasad)
9. Hate (bughd)
10. Seeing oneself as being better than others
(ru’yatul fadl alal ghayr)
11. Winking and pointing [in mockery] (al hamzu
wal lamzu)
12. Frivolity (ʿabath)
13. Mockery (sukhriyya)
14. Fornication and adultery (zinā) ،ٍ‫ورة‬ َ ‫ﺿ ُﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺴ ﺘ ُﮫُ ِﻟﻐَ ْﯿ ِﺮ‬ َ َ‫ﻖ َو َﻻ ُﻣ َﺠﺎﻟ‬ ٍ ‫ﺻﺤْ ﺒَﺔُ ﻓَﺎ ِﺳ‬ ُ ُ‫َو َﻻ ﯾَ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ﻟَﮫ‬
15. Looking at a marriageable female (ajnabiyya) ُ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎﻧَﮫ‬ ُ ُ‫ ﻗَ ﺎ َل ﷲ‬،‫ﻖ‬ ِ ‫ﺴ َﺨ ِﻂ ْاﻟ َﺨ ﺎ ِﻟ‬ َ ِ‫ﺿﺎ ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺨﻠُﻮﻗِﯿﻦَ ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﺐ ِر‬ ُ ُ ‫ﻄﻠ‬ْ َ‫َو َﻻ ﯾ‬
16. Deriving pleasure from her voice ( َ‫ﺿﻮهُ ِإ ْن َﻛ ﺎﻧُﻮا ُﻣ ﺆْ ِﻣﻨِﯿﻦ‬ ُ ‫ﺳﻮﻟُﮫُ أ َ َﺣ ﱡﻖ أ َ ْن ﯾُ ْﺮ‬ ُ ‫)وﷲُ َو َر‬ َ :‫َوﺗ َ َﻌﺎﻟَﻰ‬
17. Consuming the wealth of people without َ
their contentment
‫ﻮق ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺼﯿَ ِﺔ‬ ٍ ُ‫ » َﻻ َطﺎﻋَﺔ ِﻟ َﻤ ْﺨﻠ‬:‫ﺴ َﻼ ُم‬ ‫ﺼ َﻼة ُ َواﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َوﻗَﺎ َل‬
18. Gaining income through intercession or the ‫ﻖ« َو َﻻ َﯾ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ﻟَﮫُ أ َ ْن َﯾ ْﻔ َﻌ َﻞ ِﻓ ْﻌ ًﻼ َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ َﯾ ْﻌﻠَ َﻢ ُﺣ ْﻜ َﻢ ﷲِ ِﻓﯿ ِﮫ‬ ِ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺨﺎ ِﻟ‬
religion. ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ُ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲ‬ َ ‫ﺴﻨﱠ ِﺔ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ‬ ُ ‫َوﯾَﺴْﺄ َ َل اﻟﻌُﻠَ َﻤﺎ َء َوﯾَ ْﻘﺘ َ ِﺪي ﺑِ ْﺎﻟ ُﻤﺘ ﱠﺒِ ِﻌﯿﻦَ ِﻟ‬
19. Delaying the prayer beyond its proper times. ‫ َوﯾُ َﺤ ِﺬّ ُرونَ ِﻣ ْﻦ ا ِﺗ ّﺒَ ﺎع‬،ِ‫ﻋ ِﺔ ﷲ‬ َ ‫طﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ﻠﱠ َﻢ اﻟﱠ ﺬِﯾﻦَ ﯾَ ﺪُﻟﱡﻮن‬ َ ‫َو‬
‫ﱠ‬
َ‫ﺴ ﻮنَ اﻟ ﺬِﯾﻦ‬ ْ ْ
ُ ‫ﺿ ﯿَﮫُ اﻟ ُﻤﻔ ِﻠ‬ ْ
ِ ‫ﺿ ﻰ ِﻟﻨَﻔ ِﺴ ِﮫ َﻣ ﺎ َر‬ َ ‫ﺎن َو َﻻ ﯾَ ْﺮ‬ َ
ِ ‫ﺸ ْﯿﻄ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
It is not permissible to befriend a transgressor (fāsiq)
nor to sit with him, unless there is a necessity. The ‫ ﻓَﯿَ ﺎ َﺣ ْﺴ َﺮﺗ َ ُﮭ ْﻢ‬،‫ﻋ ِﺔ ﷲِ ﺗ َ َﻌ ﺎﻟَﻰ‬ َ ‫طﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺎر ُھ ْﻢ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ َ
ُ ‫ﺖ أ ْﻋ َﻤ‬ ْ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺿﺎ‬ َ
responsible one should not seek the acceptance of ‫ﺳ ﻨﱠ ِﺔ‬ ُ ِ‫طﻮ َل ﺑُ َﻜﺎﺋِ ِﮭ ْﻢ َﯾ ْﻮ َم اﻟ ِﻘ َﯿﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ ﻧَ ْﺴﺄ َ ُل ﷲَ أ َ ْن ﯾُ َﻮﻓِّﻘَﻨَ ﺎ ِﻻﺗِ ّ َﺒ ﺎع‬ ُ ‫َو َﯾﺎ‬
the creation by angering the Creator. Allāh  has .‫ﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ َ ُ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﷲ‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َو‬ َ ‫ﺳﯿِّ ِﺪﻧَﺎ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ِﻔﯿ ِﻌﻨَﺎ َو‬ َ ‫ﻧَﺒِ ِﯿّﻨَﺎ َو‬
said, “Allah and His Messenger are more worthy of
being pleased, if they were truly believers” (Quran
9:62). The Messenger of Allāh  said, “There is no
obedience to a creature in that which is

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

disobedience to the Creator.” It is not permissible

for the responsible one to do anything until he
knows what Allāh has ordained in that matter. He
must ask the scholars and follow the ones who:

1. Implement the way (sunna) of the Prophet 

2. Guide to the obedience of Allāh 
3. And warn people from following the devil.
‫ﺎر ِة‬
َ ‫ﻄ َﮭ‬ ‫ﺼ ٌﻞ ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
The responsible one must not be content with that ‫ َو َﻻ‬،‫ﺚ‬ ٍ ‫ﺎرة ُ َﺧ َﺒ‬ َ ‫ط َﮭ‬ َ ‫ث َو‬ ٍ َ‫ﺎرة ُ َﺣ ﺪ‬ َ ‫ط َﮭ‬َ :‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﺎرة ُ ِﻗ ْﺴ َﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫اﻟﻄ َﮭ‬
which satisfies the bankrupt ones who have wasted ‫ َو ُھ َﻮ اﻟﱠ ﺬِي ﻟَ ْﻢ‬،‫ﻄ ِ ّﮭ ِﺮ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻄ ﺎ ِھ ِﺮ ْاﻟ ُﻤ‬‫ﺎء ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﺼ ﱡﺢ اﻟ َﺠ ِﻤﯿ ُﻊ إِ ﱠﻻ ﺑِ ْﺎﻟ َﻤ‬ ِ َ‫ﯾ‬
their lives in other than obedience to Allāh . O ‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻏﺎ ِﻟﺒً ﺎ َﻛ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﺎﻟﺰ ْﯾ‬ ُ
َ ُ‫ﺎرﻗ ﮫ‬ ُ َ َ َ َ
ِ َ‫ﯾَﺘ َﻐَﯿﱠ ْﺮ ﻟ ْﻮﻧُ ﮫُ أ ْو ط ْﻌ ُﻤ ﮫُ أ ْو َراﺋِ َﺤﺘ ﮫُ ﺑِ َﻤ ﺎ ﯾُﻔ‬
how much are they in loss and how long their ْ
weeping will be on the Day of Judgment! We ask ،‫ﺳ ﺦِ َوﻧَﺤْ ِﻮ ِه‬ َ ‫ﻮن َواﻟ َﻮ‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺼ ﺎﺑ‬ ‫ َو ْاﻟ َﻮذَحِ َواﻟ ﱠ‬،‫ﺳ ِﻢ ُﻛﻠّ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺴ ْﻤ ِﻦ َواﻟﺪﱠ‬‫َواﻟ ﱠ‬
Allāh  to grant us success in following the way .‫ﺴ َﺒ َﺨ ِﺔ َو ْاﻵ ُﺟ ِ ّﺮ َوﻧَﺤْ ِﻮ ِه‬ ْ
‫ب َواﻟ َﺤ ْﻤﺄ َةِ َواﻟ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫س ﺑﺎﻟﺘ ﱡ َﺮا‬ ْ
َ ‫َو َﻻ َﺑﺄ‬
(sunna) of our Prophet, Intercessor and Master
Muhammad .

Section of Purification (Ṭahara)

Purification (ṭahara) is two types:

1. Purification from ḥadath

2. Purification from filth (khabath)

Purification from both types is not achieved except

with pure and purifying water. It is water that has
not changed in either its color, taste or smell by
something that is not normally a part of it such as:

1. Oil
2. Fat
3. Grease
4. Grime
5. Soap
6. Filth
7. And the like
‫ﺖ‬ْ ‫ﺴ‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﺈ ِ ِن ْاﻟﺘ َ َﺒ‬،‫ﻏ ِﺴ َﻞ َﻣ َﺤﻠﱡ َﮭﺎ‬ُ ُ ‫ﺳﺔ‬َ ‫ﺖ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺠﺎ‬ ِ َ‫ ِإذَا ﺗ َ َﻌﯿﱠﻨ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
There is no harm with: ‫ َوإِ ْن‬،‫ﻀ َﺢ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ِﺔ ﻧ‬ َ ‫ﺻﺎﺑَ ِﺔ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺠﺎ‬ َ ِ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﻲ إ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬،ُ‫ب ُﻛﻠﱡﮫ‬ ُ ‫ﻏ ِﺴ َﻞ اﻟﺜ ﱠ ْﻮ‬ُ
1. Dirt
‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻀ َﺢ‬ ْ َ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﻲ ﻧَ َﺠﺎ َﺳﺘِ ِﮫ ﻓَ َﻼ ﻧ‬ َ ‫ﻲ ٌء‬ ْ ‫ﺷ‬َ ُ‫ﺻﺎﺑَﮫ‬ َ َ‫أ‬
2. Mud ،‫ﺖ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻗ‬َ ‫ﺎف ُﺧ ُﺮو َج‬ َ ‫ﻄ َﻊ ِإ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن ﯾَ َﺨ‬ َ ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ َﻗ‬‫ﺳﺔَ َو ُھ َﻮ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻨﱠ َﺠﺎ‬
3. Salt .‫ﺖ‬ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻗ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺎدَ ﻓِﻲ‬ َ
َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم أ‬‫ﺻﻠﻰ ِﺑ َﮭﺎ ﻧَﺎ ِﺳﯿًﺎ َوﺗ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬
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4. Plaster
5. And the like

Section
َ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ‬
،‫اﻟﻮﺟْ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ َو‬،ُ‫ اﻟﻨِّﯿﱠﺔ‬:ٌ‫ﻮء َﺳ ْﺒ َﻌﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻮ‬ُ ‫ﺾ‬ ُ ‫ ﻓَ َﺮا ِﺋ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
If the spot where an impurity (najāsa) affects is َ ‫ َو‬،‫اﻟﺮأْ ِس‬
‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ اﻟﯿَﺪَﯾ ِْﻦ إِﻟَﻰ‬
‫ َو َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺢ ﱠ‬،‫اﻟﻤ ْﺮﻓَﻘَ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬ َ ‫َو‬
known, that place is washed. If the place is not ْ ْ ْ َ َ
.‫ َواﻟﻔَ ْﻮ ُر‬، ُ‫ َواﻟﺪﱠﻟﻚ‬،‫اﻟﺮﺟْ ﻠ ْﯿ ِﻦ إِﻟﻰ اﻟ َﻜ ْﻌﺒَ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬
ِّ
known, the entire garment is washed. If one is in
doubt about whether an impurity has affected an
area, he must sprinkle water on that area (naḍh). If
one is affected by something that he is unsure
whether or not it is an impurity, he does not have to
sprinkle water. If one remembers an impurity
during a prayer, he must cut it off, unless he fears
losing the prayer time. If one prays with an ،ِ‫ﺸ ُﺮوع‬ ‫ﻋ ْﯿ ِﻦ ِﻋ ْﻨ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱡ‬ َ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ ْاﻟﯿَ ﺪَﯾ ِْﻦ ِإﻟَ ﻰ ْاﻟ ُﻜ ﻮ‬ َ (ُ‫ﺳ ﻨَﻨُﮫ‬ ُ ‫) َو‬
impurity out of forgetfulness and remembers after ْ
‫ َو َردﱡ َﻣ ْﺴ ﺢِ اﻟ ﱠﺮأ ِس‬،‫ﺎر‬ ُ َ ‫ َو ِاﻻ ْﺳ ﺘِ ْﻨﺜ‬،‫ﺎق‬ ُ ‫ﺸ‬ َ ‫ َو ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻨ‬،‫ﻀﺔ‬ُ َ ‫ﻀ َﻤ‬ ْ ‫َو ْاﻟ َﻤ‬
the salām of the prayer he should repeat the prayer ‫ﺾ؛‬ ِ ‫ﯿﺐ َﺑ ْﯿﻦَ ْاﻟﻔَ َﺮا ِﺋ‬ ُ ‫ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺮ ِﺗ‬،‫ﺎء ﻟَ ُﮭ َﻤﺎ‬ ِ ‫َو َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺢ اﻷ ُ ْذﻧَ ْﯿ ِﻦ َوﺗ َﺠْ ِﺪﯾﺪُ اﻟ َﻤ‬
if the time is still in.
‫ب ﻓَﻌَﻠَﮫُ َو َﻣ ﺎ‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن ﺗ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮهُ ﺑِ ْﺎﻟﻘُ ْﺮ‬،‫ﻀﺎﺋِ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺿﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ أ َ ْﻋ‬ ً ‫ﻰ ﻓَ ْﺮ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬
‫ َوإِ ْن ﺗ َ َﺮ َك‬،ُ‫ﺻ ﻠﱠﻰ ﻗَ ْﺒﻠَ ﮫ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺎدَ َﻣ ﺎ‬ َ َ ‫طﺎ َل ﻓَﻌَﻠَﮫُ َوﺣْ ﺪَهُ َوأ‬ َ ‫ َوإِ ْن‬،ُ‫ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَه‬
‫ﺴ ﻠَ َﮭﺎ َوﺣْ ﺪَ َھﺎ‬ َ ً‫ﻰ ﻟُ ْﻤ َﻌ ﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬،َ ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ‫ﺳﻨﱠﺔً ﻓَ َﻌﻠَ َﮭﺎ َو َﻻ ﯾُ ِﻌﯿﺪُ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ
َ‫ﻀ ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻀ َﻤ‬ ْ
ْ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ اﻟ َﻤ‬،َ‫ﻋ ﺎد‬ َ
َ ‫ﺻ ﻠﻰ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ أ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ‫ َو ِإ ْن‬،‫ِﺑﻨِﯿﱠ ٍﺔ‬
Section
‫اﻟﻮﺟْ ِﮫ ﻓَ َﻼ َﯾ ْﺮ ِﺟ ُﻊ ِإﻟَ ْﯿ ِﮭ َﻤ ﺎ َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ع ِﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺷ َﺮ‬َ ‫ﺸﺎقَ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ أ َ ْن‬ َ ‫َو ِاﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻨ‬
The obligations (farḍ) of ablution (wuḍū’) are seven: ُ‫ﺿﻮ َءه‬ ُ ‫ﯾُﺘِ ﱠﻢ ُو‬
1. An intention
2. Washing the face
3. Washing the arms up to [and including] the
elbows
4. Wiping the head
5. Washing the feet up to [and including] the
ankles
6. Rubbing
7. Continuity

The Prophetic traditions (sunna) of wuḍū’ are:

1. Washing the hands up to the wrist at the

beginning of the wuḍū’
2. Rinsing the mouth

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

3. Sniffing water into the nose

4. Blowing water out of the nose
5. A return wipe of the head
6. Wiping the ears
7. Renewing the water for wiping the ears ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ ْاﻟﻐَ ْﺴ ﻠَ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﺴ َﻮاكُ َو ﱠ‬
َ ُ‫اﻟﺰاﺋِ ﺪ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﻀ ﺎﺋِﻠُﮫُ( اﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺴ ِﻤﯿَﺔُ َواﻟ‬َ َ‫) َوﻓ‬
8. Keeping the obligations in order ‫ﺐ‬ ُ ‫ َوﺗ َ ْﺮﺗِﯿ‬،‫واﻟﺒُﺪَا َءة ُ ﺑِ ُﻤﻘَ ِﺪّ ِم اﻟ ﱠﺮأْ ِس‬ ْ ،‫اﻟﻮﺟْ ِﮫ َواﻟﯿَﺪَﯾ ِْﻦ‬ َ ‫اﻷ ُ ْوﻟَﻰ ﻓِﻲ‬
If one forgets an obligatory (farḍ) limb, he should:
،‫ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﯿُ ْﺴ َﺮى‬ َ ‫ َوﺗ َ ْﻘ ِﺪﯾ ُﻢ ْاﻟﯿُ ْﻤﻨَﻰ‬،‫ﻀ ِﻮ‬ ْ ُ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ْاﻟﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺎء‬ِ ‫ﺴﻨَ ِﻦ َوﻗِﻠﱠﺔُ اﻟ َﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡ‬
ْ
‫ﺻ ﺎ ِﺑﻊِ اﻟ ِ ّﺮﺟْ ﻠَﯿ ِْﻦ‬ ْ
َ َ ‫ﺻ ﺎ ِﺑﻊِ اﻟ َﯿ ﺪَﯾ ِْﻦ َوﯾُ ْﺴ ﺘ َ َﺤﺐﱡ ﻓِ ﻲ أ‬ َ َ ‫ﺐ ﺗ َ ْﺨ ِﻠﯿ ُﻞ أ‬ُ ‫َو َﯾ ِﺠ‬
1. Wash that limb and the limbs that are after ،‫ﻮء دُونَ ْاﻟ َﻜ ِﺜﯿﻔَ ِﺔ‬ ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫ﺐ ﺗ َ ْﺨ ِﻠﯿ ُﻞ اﻟ ِﻠّﺤْ َﯿ ِﺔ ْاﻟ َﺨ ِﻔﯿﻔَ ِﺔ ِﻓ ﻲ ْاﻟ ُﻮ‬ ُ ‫َو َﯾ ِﺠ‬
it, if he remembers soon after .ً‫َﺖ َﻛﺜِﯿﻔَﺔ‬ ْ ‫ﺐ ﺗ َ ْﺨ ِﻠﯿﻠُ َﮭﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻐُ ْﺴ ِﻞ َوﻟَﻮ َﻛﺎﻧ‬ ُ ‫َوﯾَ ِﺠ‬
2. Wash only that limb if a long time has passed
and then repeat any prayers that he
performed with that wudu.

If one forgot a sunna, then he only performs what

was missed and does not need to repeat the prayer.
If a person missed a portion of a limb, he must wash
that portion with an intention. If he had prayed
before washing that portion he must repeat the
prayer. If one remembers not having rinsed the
mouth or nose after he began washing his face, he
should not return to what he forgot until he has
completed his wuḍū’.
:‫اث‬ ُ َ‫ ﻓَﺎﻷ َﺣْ ﺪ‬:‫ﺎب‬ ٌ َ‫ث َوأ َ ْﺳﺒ‬ ٌ ‫ﻮء أ َﺣْ ﺪَا‬ ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﺾ‬ ُ ِ‫ ﻧَ َﻮاﻗ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
‫ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻮ ُم‬:‫ﺎب‬ ُ َ‫ َواﻷ َ ْﺳﺒ‬.‫ى‬ ُ ‫ى َو ْاﻟ َﻮ ْد‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺮﯾ ُﺢ َو ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ‬
ّ ِ ‫ﻂ َو‬ ُ ِ‫ْاﻟﺒَ ْﻮ ُل َو ْاﻟﻐَﺎﺋ‬
‫ﺲ اﻟ َﻤ ْﺮأَةِ ِإ ْن‬ ُ ‫ َوﻟَ ْﻤ‬،ُ‫ﻮن َو ْاﻟﻘُ ْﺒﻠَﺔ‬ ُ ُ‫ﺴ ْﻜ ُﺮ َو ْاﻟ ُﺠﻨ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﻏ َﻤﺎ ُء َواﻟ ﱡ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﺜ ﱠ ِﻘﯿ ُﻞ َو‬
‫ﺎط ِﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﻒ أ َ ْو ﺑِ َﺒ‬ ِ ّ ‫ﺎط ِﻦ اﻟ َﻜ‬ ِ ‫ﺲ اﻟﺬﱠ َﻛ ِﺮ ِﺑ َﺒ‬ ‫ َو َﻣ ﱡ‬،‫ﺼﺪَ اﻟﻠﱠﺬﱠة َ أ َ ْو َو َﺟﺪَھَﺎ‬ َ َ‫ﻗ‬
The recommended matters (faḍā’il) of wuḍū’ are: ‫ﺿﻮ ُء إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻮ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ث َو َﺟ‬ ٍ َ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﻲ َﺣﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺻﺎﺑِﻊِ؛ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬ َ َ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ اﻟﺬﱠ َﻛ ِﺮ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺐ‬ ُ ‫ َوﯾَ ِﺠ‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ً ‫ﯾَ ُﻜﻮنَ ُﻣ َﻮ ْﺳ َﻮ‬
1. Beginning with the name of Allah (bismillāh)
2. Brushing the teeth
‫ ُھ َﻮ اﻟ َﻤﺎ ُء‬:‫ي‬ ُ ‫ َو َﻻ ﯾَ ْﻐ ِﺴ ُﻞ اﻷ ُ ْﻧﺜ َﯿَ ْﯿ ِﻦ َو ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ‬،ِ ‫ُﻛ ِﻠّ ِﮫ ِﻣﻦَ ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺬي‬
3. A second and third washing for the face and
َ ‫ﻈ ٍﺮ أ َ ْو‬
.‫ﻏﯿ ِْﺮ ِه‬ َ َ‫ﺼ ْﻐ َﺮى ِﺑﺘ َﻔَ ﱡﻜ ٍﺮ أ َ ْو ﻧ‬ ‫ﺸ ْﮭ َﻮةِ اﻟ ﱡ‬ ‫َﺎر ُج ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ِ ‫اﻟﺨ‬
hands
4. Beginning with the front portion of the head
(when wiping)
5. Maintaining order between the sunnas
6. Using as little water as possible
7. Washing the right limb before the left.
8. It is an obligation to rub in between the
fingers. It is recommended to rub in
between the toes (but water must reach
them).

It is an obligation to have water reach the skin

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under a light beard, but not a thick one. Water must

reach the skin under a beard during the full body
wash (ghusl), even if the beard is thick.

Section

The things which nullify wuḍū’ are:

1. Direct nullifiers (aḥdāth) ‫اف َو َﻻ‬ ٌ ‫ط َﻮ‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼة ٌ َو َﻻ‬ َ ‫ﺿ ِﺊ‬ ّ ِ ‫ َﻻ َﯾ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟﻐَﯿ ِْﺮ ْاﻟ ُﻤﺘ َ َﻮ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
2. Causes (asbāb) ‫ َﻻ ﺑِﯿَ ِﺪ ِه َو َﻻ ﺑِﻌُﻮ ٍد‬،‫آن ْاﻟﻌَ ِﻈ ِﯿﻢ َو َﻻ ِﺟ ْﻠ ِﺪ َھﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺲ ﻧُ ْﺴ َﺨ ِﺔ اﻟﻘُ ْﺮ‬ ‫َﻣ ﱡ‬
‫آن‬ ُ
ِ ‫ح اﻟﻘ ْﺮ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺲ ﻟ ْﻮ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ْ
‫ َو َﻻ َﻣ ﱡ‬،‫َوﻧَﺤْ ِﻮ ِه إِﻻ اﻟ ُﺠ ْﺰ َء ِﻣ ْﻨ َﮭﺎ اﻟ ُﻤﺘ َﻌَﻠ َﻢ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
The aḥdāth are:
‫ﺼ ِ ّﺤ ُﺤﮫُ؛‬ َ ُ‫ﻮء ِإ ﱠﻻ ِﻟ ُﻤﺘ َ َﻌ ِﻠّ ٍﻢ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ أ َ ْو ُﻣ َﻌ ِﻠ ٍﻢ ﯾ‬
ّ ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻮ‬ ُ ‫ﻏﯿ ِْﺮ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬ َ ‫ْاﻟ َﻌ ِﻈ ِﯿﻢ‬
1. Urination ،ُ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻣﻨَﺎ ِو ِﻟ ِﮫ ﻟَﮫ‬ َ ‫اﻹﺛْ ُﻢ‬ ِ ْ ‫ﯿﺮ َو‬ ِ ‫آن َﻛ ْﺎﻟ َﻜ ِﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﺲ ْاﻟﻘُ ْﺮ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﻲ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﺒ ﱡ‬
‫َواﻟ ﱠ‬
2. Defecation .ِ ‫ﺎﻣﺪًا ﻓَ ُﮭ َﻮ َﻛﺎ ِﻓ ٌﺮ َواﻟ ِﻌ َﯿﺎذُ ِﺑﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ٍ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ُ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ِﺑﻐَﯿ ِْﺮ ُو‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬
3. Passing wind
4. Madhy
5. Wady

The asbāb are:

1. Heavy sleep
2. Unconsciousness
3. Intoxication
4. Insanity
5. Kissing
6. Touching a woman if pleasure was intended
or found
7. Touching the penis with the inside [or sides] ‫ﺾ‬ ِ ‫ ْاﻟ َﺠﻨَﺎﺑَ ِﺔ َو ْاﻟ َﺤ ْﯿ‬: ٍ‫ﺐ اﻟﻐُ ْﺴ ُﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺛ َ َﻼﺛ َ ِﺔ أ َ ْﺷﯿَﺎء‬ ُ ‫ ﯾَ ِﺠ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
of the hand [i.e. palm] and fingers. ٍ‫ﻲ ﺑِﻠَﺬﱠةٍ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘ َﺎدَة‬ ِّ ِ‫ أ َ َﺣﺪُ ُھ َﻤﺎ ُﺧ ُﺮو ُج ْاﻟ َﻤﻨ‬:‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫ ﻓَ ْﺎﻟ َﺠﻨَﺎﺑَﺔُ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤ‬،‫ﺎس‬ ِ َ‫َواﻟﻨِّﻔ‬
‫ﺸﻔَ ِﺔ‬َ ‫ﯿﺐ ْاﻟ َﺤ‬ ُ ‫ َﻣ ِﻐ‬:‫ َواﻟﺜ ﱠﺎﻧِﻲ‬.‫ﻏﯿ ِْﺮ ِه‬ َ ‫ﻈ ٍﺔ ِﺑ ِﺠ َﻤ ٍﺎع أ َ ْو‬ َ َ‫ﻓِﻲ ﻧَ ْﻮ ٍم أ َ ْو ﯾَﻘ‬
If a person has a doubt about a ḥadath, he must
ْ ْ َ ِ ‫ﺎﻣ ِﮫ َﻛﺄَﻧﱠﮫُ ﯾُ َﺠ‬
perform wuḍū’. This is unless he has constant doubt ُ‫ﺎﻣ ُﻊ َوﻟ ْﻢ َﯾﺨ ُﺮجْ ِﻣﻨﮫ‬ ِ َ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ َرأَى ﻓِﻲ َﻣﻨ‬،ِ‫ﻓِﻲ ْاﻟﻔَ ْﺮج‬
(waswasa), in which case he does not have to do ‫ﺴﺎ َﻻ َﯾ ْﺪ ِري‬ ً ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ َو َﺟﺪَ ِﻓﻲ ﺛ َ ْﻮ ِﺑ ِﮫ َﻣ ِﻨﯿﺎ َﯾﺎ ِﺑ‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﻲ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ‫َﻣ ِﻨ ﱞ‬
anything. One must wash the entire penis if he ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ِﻣ ْﻦ آﺧ َِﺮ ﻧَ ْﻮ َﻣ ٍﺔ ﻧَﺎ َﻣ َﮭﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺎدَ َﻣﺎ‬ َ َ ‫ﺴ َﻞ َوأ‬
َ َ ‫ اِ ْﻏﺘ‬،ُ‫ﺻﺎﺑَﮫ‬ َ َ ‫َﻣﺘ َﻰ أ‬
experiences madhy, but does not have to wash the .‫ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ‬
testicles. Madhy is the emission that occurs when
one has minor pleasure by thinking, looking, or the
like.

Section

It is not permissible for one who does not have

wuḍū’ to:

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

1. Pray.
2. Perform ṭawāf (circuits around the kaʾbah).
3. Touch a copy of the Qur’ān or its cover with
his hand, a stick or the like. This is with the
exception of a portion of the Qur’ān that he
is studying from.
4. Touch a tablet (lawḥ) that has Qur’ān written
on it unless one is a student or a teacher that
is correcting him.

A child in regards to the rules of touching the ‫ﺸ ُﺮوعِ َو ْاﻟﻔَ ْﻮ ُر‬

‫ اﻟ ِﻨّﯿﱠﺔُ ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَ اﻟ ﱡ‬:‫ﺾ اﻟﻐُ ْﺴ ِﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
ُ ِ‫ ﻓَ َﺮاﺋ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬
Qur’ān is the same as the adult, but the sin would be .‫َواﻟﺪﱠ ْﻟﻚُ َو ْاﻟﻌُ ُﻤﻮ ُم‬
on the one who allowed the child to touch it.
Whoever intentionally prays without wuḍū’ is a
nonbeliever (kāfir) and we seek refuge in Allāh from
this.

Section
،‫ﻮء‬ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫ﻋ ْﯿ ِﻦ َﻛ ْﺎﻟ ُﻮ‬
َ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ اﻟﯿَ ﺪَﯾ ِْﻦ ِإ َﻟ ﻰ ْاﻟ ُﻜ ﻮ‬ َ :(ُ‫ﺳ ﻨَﻨُﮫ‬ ُ ‫) َو‬
A full body wash (ghusl) is necessary due to three ِ‫ﺻ َﻤﺎخ‬ ِ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ‬ َ ‫ َو‬،‫ﺎر‬ُ َ ‫ﺎق َو ِاﻻ ْﺳ ﺘِ ْﻨﺜ‬ ُ ‫ﺸ‬ ُ
َ ‫ﻀ ﺔ َو ِاﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﻨ‬ َ ‫ﻀ َﻤ‬ْ ‫َو ْاﻟ َﻤ‬
things:
َ ‫ َوأ َ ﱠﻣ ﺎ‬،‫ﱠاﺧﻠَ ﺔُ ِﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺮأْ ِس‬
‫ﺻ ﺤْ ﻔَﺔُ اﻷ ُذُ ِن‬ ِ ‫ﻲ اﻟﺜ ﱡ ْﻘ َﺒ ﺔُ اﻟﺪ‬ ُ
َ ‫ َو ِھ‬،‫اﻷذُ ِن‬
.‫ﺎطﻨِ َﮭﺎ‬
ِ َ‫ظﺎ ِھ ِﺮھَﺎ َوﺑ‬ َ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ‬َ ‫ﺐ‬ ُ ‫ﻓَﯿَ ِﺠ‬
1. Janaba
2. Ḥayḍ
3. Nifās

Janaba is of two types:

1. The exiting of semen (many) with normal ُ‫ﺳ ِﺔ ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ اﻟﺬﱠ َﻛ ِﺮ ﻓَﯿَ ْﻨ ِﻮي ِﻋ ْﻨﺪَه‬َ ‫ ْاﻟﺒِﺪَاﯾَﺔُ ﺑِﻐُ ْﺴ ِﻞ اﻟﻨﱠ َﺠﺎ‬:(ُ‫ﻀﺎﺋِﻠُﮫ‬ َ َ‫) َوﻓ‬
pleasure in sleep or a waken state through ‫ﺚ‬ ُ ‫ َوﺗ َﺜْ ِﻠﯿ‬،‫ﺴ ِﺪ ِه‬
َ ‫ ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ أ َ ْﻋﻠَ ﻰ َﺟ‬،ً ‫ﻮء َﻣ ﱠﺮة ً َﻣ ﱠﺮة‬ ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻮ‬ ُ ‫ﺎء‬ ِ ‫ﻀ‬ َ ‫ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ أ َ ْﻋ‬
intercourse or other means.
2. The entrance of the glans of the penis into
‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺎء‬ ِ ‫ َوﺗ َ ْﻘ ِﻠﯿ ُﻞ اﻟ َﻤ‬،‫ﺴ ِﺪ ِه اﻷ َ ْﯾ َﻤ ِﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻖ َﺟ‬ ِ ّ ‫ َوﺗ َ ْﻘ ِﺪﯾ ُﻢ ِﺷ‬،‫اﻟﺮأْ ِس‬ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ِﻞ ﱠ‬ ُ
‫ﻏ ْﺴ ِﻠ ِﮫ َﺑ ﺎدَ َر ِإﻟَ ﻰ‬ُ ‫ﻀ ًﻮا ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ْ ‫ﻋ‬ َ
ُ ‫ﻰ ﻟ ْﻤ َﻌ ﺔَ أ ْو‬ ُ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬،‫ﺎء‬ ِ ‫ﻀ‬ َ ‫اﻷ ْﻋ‬َ
the vagina
‫ َو ِإ ْن‬.ُ‫ﺻ ﻠﱠﻰ ﻗَ ْﺒﻠَ ﮫ‬َ ‫ﻋﺎدَ َﻣ ﺎ‬ َ َ ‫ َوأ‬،‫ﺷ ْﮭ ٍﺮ‬ َ َ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ِﻠ ِﮫ ِﺣﯿﻦَ ﺗ َﺬَ ﱡﻛ ِﺮ ِه َوﻟَ ْﻮ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ‬ َ
If one sees himself in a dream having intercourse ‫ﻮء‬
ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻮ‬ُ ‫ﺎء‬ ِ ‫ﻀ‬َ ‫ ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن َﻛ ﺎنَ ﻓِ ﻲ أ َ ْﻋ‬،ُ‫ﻏ ْﺴﻠُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﻄ َﻞ‬َ َ‫أ َ ﱠﺧ َﺮهُ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ِذ ْﻛ ِﺮ ِه ﺑ‬
but there is not emission of seminal fluid (many), .ُ‫ﻮء أ َﺟْ ﺰَ أ َه‬ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻮ‬ُ ‫ﻏ ْﺴ ُﻞ‬ َ ُ‫ﺻﺎدَﻓَﮫ‬ َ ‫َو‬
then he does not have to do anything. If one finds
dry semen on his clothes but does not know when it
occurred, he must perform the ghusl and repeat all
prayers performed from the last time he slept.

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

Section
ِ ‫ َو َﻻ ِﻗ َﺮا َءة ُ ْاﻟﻘُ ْﺮ‬،‫ﺐ دُ ُﺧﻮ َل اﻟ َﻤﺴ ِْﺠ ِﺪ‬
‫آن‬ ِ ُ‫ َﻻ َﯾ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﺠﻨ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
The obligations of ghusl are: ُ ‫ َو َﻻ ﯾَ ُﺠ‬،‫إِ ﱠﻻ اﻵﯾَﺔَ َوﻧَﺤْ َﻮھَﺎ ِﻟ ْﻠﺘ ﱠﻌَ ﱡﻮ ِذ َوﻧَﺤْ ِﻮ ِه‬
‫ﻮز ِﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ َﻻ ﯾَ ْﻘ ِﺪ ُر‬
‫ﺎر ِد أ َ ْن ﯾَﺄْﺗِﻲ زَ ْو َﺟﺘ َﮫُ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﯾَﻌُﺪﱠ اﻵﻟَﺔَ إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن‬ ِ َ‫ﺎء ْاﻟﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟ َﻤ‬ َ
1. An intention at the beginning
.‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ ﻓَ َﻼ‬،‫ﯾَﺤْ ﺘ َ ِﻠ َﻢ‬
2. Continuity
3. Rubbing
4. Covering [the body with water]

The sunnas of ghusl are:

ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺼ ٌﻞ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺘﱠﯿَ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ‬
1. Washing the hands up to the wrists, as in
wuḍū’
2. Rinsing the mouth ‫ﻀ ٍﺔ‬ ُ ‫ َو ْاﻟ َﻤ ِﺮ‬،‫ﺼ َﯿ ٍﺔ‬
َ ‫ﯾﺾ ِﻟﻔَ ِﺮ ْﯾ‬ ِ ‫ﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ َﻣ ْﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺴﺎ ِﻓ ُﺮ ِﻓ ﻲ‬ َ ‫َو َﯾﺘ َ َﯿ ﱠﻤ ُﻢ اﻟ ُﻤ‬
3. Sniffing water into the nose
4. Blowing water out of the nose
‫ﺎف‬َ ‫ﺾ إِذَا َﺧ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺼ ِﺤﯿ ُﺢ ِﻟ ْﻠﻔَ َﺮاﺋ‬ ‫ﺎﺿ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ َوﯾَﺘ َ ﯿَ ﱠﻤ ُﻢ اﻟ َﺤ‬،‫أ َ ْو ﻧَﺎﻓِﻠَ ٍﺔ‬
5. Washing the ṣimākh of the ears, and it is the ‫ﺼ ِﺤﯿ ُﺢ ِﻟﻨَﺎﻓِﻠَ ٍﺔ َو َﻻ ُﺟ ُﻤﻌَ ٍﺔ‬
‫ﺎﺿ ُﺮ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ َو َﻻ ﯾَﺘ َﯿَ ﱠﻤ ُﻢ اﻟ َﺤ‬،‫ُﺧ ُﺮو َج َو ْﻗﺘِ َﮭﺎ‬
outer ear canal. As for the ear lobe, one must .ُ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ْاﻟ َﺠﻨَﺎزَ ة‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫َو َﻻ َﺟﻨَﺎزَ ةٍ ِإ ﱠﻻ ِإذَا ﺗ َ َﻌﯿﱠﻨ‬
wash the outer and inner portion.

The recommended actions of ghusl are:

1. Beginning by washing the impurity (najāsa)

2. Then washing the penis, and making the ‫ﺼ ِﻌﯿﺪُ ﱠ‬
‫ َو َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺢ‬،‫اﻟﻄ ﺎ ِھ ُﺮ‬ ‫ اﻟ ِﻨّﯿﱠ ﺔُ َواﻟ ﱠ‬:(‫ﺾ اﻟﺘ ﱠ ﯿَ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ‬ ُ ِ‫) َوﻓَ َﺮاﺋ‬
intention at that point. ُ
‫ض اﻷ ْوﻟَ ﻰ‬ َ ُ
ِ ‫ﺿ ْﺮ َﺑﺔ ْاﻷ ْر‬ َ ‫ َو‬،‫ﻋ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬ ْ
َ ‫اﻟﻮﺟْ ِﮫ َو َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺢ اﻟ َﯿﺪَﯾ ِْﻦ ِإﻟَﻰ اﻟ ُﻜﻮ‬ َ
3. Washing the limbs of wuḍū’ once each ُ ْ ْ
4. Then washing the top portion of his body ‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة‬ ‫ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ُ
‫َ ِ َ ِ ﱠ‬ ‫ﮫ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ّ ‫ﺗ‬ ِ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﻮ‬
َ ُ
‫ل‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ُ ُ ‫د‬‫و‬َ ُ ْ ‫َو‬
، ‫ر‬ ‫ﻮ‬ َ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬
5. Washing the head three times
6. Washing the right portion of the body first
7. Using as little water as needed when washing
the limbs

If one forgets to wash a portion of his body or an

entire limb during his ghusl, he should wash that
immediately after he remembers, even if it is after
one month. He then must repeat all prayers [made
with that ghusl]. If he delays washing the area once
‫ َواﻟ ﺜ ﱠ ْﻠ ُﺞ‬،‫ﻮب َو ْاﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ُﺮ‬ ‫اب َو ﱡ‬
ُ ‫اﻟﻄ‬ ُ ‫ ُھ َﻮ اﻟﺘ ﱡ َﺮ‬:ُ‫ﺼ ِﻌﯿﺪ‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠ‬
he remembers it, his ghusl is invalid. If the missed .‫ﺎض َوﻧَﺤْ ِﻮ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ‬ ْ ‫َو ْاﻟ َﺨ‬
ُ ‫ﻀ َﺨ‬
portion was in the limbs of wuḍū’ and it was washed
during wuḍū’, that is sufficient.

Section
‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ﯿﺮ َو ْاﻟ َﺨ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬ ِ ‫ﺼ‬ ْ ‫ﺺ ْاﻟ َﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﻄﺒُ ﻮخِ َو ْاﻟ َﺤ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﻮز ِﺑ ْﺎﻟ َﺠ‬
ُ ‫َو َﻻ ﯾَ ُﺠ‬
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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

It is not permissible for a person in the state of ‫ﯾﺾ ﻓِ ﻲ َﺣ ﺎﺋِ ِﻂ ْاﻟ َﺤ َﺠ ِﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺺ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ِﺮ‬
َ ‫ َو ُر ِ ّﺧ‬،‫ﯿﺶ َوﻧَﺤْ ِﻮ ِه‬ ِ ‫َو ْاﻟ َﺤ ِﺸ‬
janaba to enter a masjid or to recite the Qur’ān, ‫َو ﱡ‬
except for an ayah or the like for the purpose of
َ ‫ب ِإ ْن ﻟَ ْﻢ َﯾ ِﺠ ْﺪ ُﻣﻨَﺎ ِو ًﻻ‬
.ُ‫ﻏﯿ َْﺮه‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻄﻮ‬
protection. It is not permissible for the person who
is not able to use cold water to go to his wife until he
prepares the tools [needed to heat the water]. If he
has a nocturnal emission then there nothing is
required of him.

Section on Tayammum
[Dry Ablution With Pure Earth]

َ ‫ﺼ ِﻌﯿ ِﺪ ِﻟ َﯿﺪَ ْﯾ ِﮫ َو َﻣ ْﺴ ُﺢ َﻣ ﺎ َﺑ ﯿْﻦَ ْاﻟ ُﻜ ﻮ‬

‫ﻋ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬ ‫ ﺗ َﺠْ ِﺪﯾﺪُ اﻟ ﱠ‬:(ُ‫ﺳﻨَﻨُﮫ‬
ُ ‫) َو‬
ُ ‫ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺮ ِﺗ‬،‫َو ْاﻟ ِﻤ ْﺮﻓَﻘَ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬
.‫ﯿﺐ‬
A traveler may perform tayammum, if he is not being
disobedient in his travels [and does not have any
water]. The sick person may perform tayammum for
an obligatory prayer (farḍ) or a recommended
prayer (nāfila). The healthy resident may perform ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ْاﻟﯿُ ْﺴ َﺮى َوﺗ َ ْﻘ ِﺪﯾ ُﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻀﺎﺋِﻠُﮫُ( اﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺴ ِﻤ َﯿﺔُ َوﺗ َ ْﻘ ِﺪﯾ ُﻢ ْاﻟﯿُ ْﻤﻨَﻰ‬
َ َ‫) َوﻓ‬
tayammum, if he fears that he will lose the time of
the prayer. The healthy resident may not perform
.‫ﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻣ َﺆ ِ ّﺧ ِﺮ ِه‬
َ ‫ﺎط ِﻨ ِﮫ َو ُﻣﻘَﺪﱠ ِﻣ ِﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ َﺑ‬ َ ِ‫ظﺎ ِھ ِﺮ اﻟﺬّ َِراع‬
َ
tayammum for a recommended prayer, jumuʿa, or a
funeral prayer (janāza), except if [in the last case] it
was an obligation upon him.

The obligations of tayammum are:

‫ﺎن ِﺑﺘ َ َﯿ ﱡﻤ ٍﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺼ ﻠﱠﻰ ﻓَ ِﺮﯾ‬
ِ َ‫ﻀ ﺘ‬ َ ُ ‫ﻮء َو َﻻ ﺗ‬ ِ ‫ﺿ‬ ُ ‫ َﻛ ْﺎﻟ ُﻮ‬:(ُ‫ﻀ ﮫ‬ ُ ‫) َوﻧَ َﻮا ِﻗ‬
1. Intention ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻀ ٍﺔ َﺟ ﺎزَ ﻟَ ﮫُ اﻟﻨﱠ َﻮاﻓِ ُﻞ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَھَﺎ َو َﻣ ﱡ‬َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ ﯿَ ﱠﻤ َﻢ ِﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬،‫اﺣ ٍﺪ‬ ِ ‫َو‬
2. Pure earth (ṣaʿīd) ‫ﺖ‬ ْ ‫ﺼﻠ‬َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ ّ
َ ‫اف َواﻟ ﺘِﻼ َوة ُ إِ ْن ﻧَ َﻮى ذ ِﻟ َﻚ َواﺗ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
ُ ‫ﻒ َواﻟﻄ َﻮ‬ ِ ‫ﺼ َﺤ‬ ْ ‫اﻟ ُﻤ‬
3. Wiping the face ْ ْ
ُ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ َوﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَ ْﺨ ُﺮج اﻟ َﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟ ﱠ‬
4. Wiping the hands to the wrists
5. The first contact with the earth
6. Continuity
7. The time of the prayer being in
8. That the tayammum is connected to the ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬،َ‫ﻀ ﺔ‬ َ ‫َو َﺟ ﺎزَ ﺑِﺘ َ ﯿَ ﱡﻤ ِﻢ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِﻠَ ِﺔ ُﻛ ﱡﻞ َﻣ ﺎ ذُ ِﻛ َﺮ إِ ﱠﻻ ْاﻟﻔَ ِﺮ ْﯾ‬
ٍ ‫ﻏﯿ ِْﺮ ﺗ َﺄ ْ ِﺧ‬
prayer without interruption
،‫ﯿﺮ‬ َ ‫ﺸ ْﻔﻊِ َو ْاﻟ َﻮﺗْ ِﺮ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَھَﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ َ َ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ْاﻟ ِﻌﺸَﺎ َء ِﺑﺘ َﯿَ ﱡﻤ ٍﻢ ﻗ‬
‫ﺎم ِﻟﻠ ﱠ‬ َ
The pure earth (ṣaʿīd) is: .‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َﯿَ ﱠﻤ َﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺟﻨَﺎﺑَ ٍﺔ ﻓَ َﻼ ﺑُﺪﱠ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻧِﯿﱠﺘِ َﮭﺎ‬

1. Dirt
2. Adobe brick [unbaked]
3. Rock
4. Snow
5. Mud and the like

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

It is not permissible to perform tayammum on:

1. Cooked plaster
2. Straw mats
3. Wood
4. Grass and the like

There is a dispensation for the sick person to use a

stone or adobe wall if he cannot find someone to get ‫ْﺾ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ ٌﻞ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺤﯿ‬
him something else.

ِ‫ْﺾ ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﺒﺘ َ ﺪَأ َة‬ ِ ‫ َوأ َ ْﻛﺜ َ ُﺮ ْاﻟ َﺤﯿ‬،‫ﺎﻣ ٌﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺴﺎ ُء ُﻣ ْﺒﺘ َﺪَأ َة ٌ َو ُﻣ ْﻌﺘ َﺎدَة ٌ َو َﺣ‬ َ ّ‫َواﻟ ِﻨ‬
‫ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن ﺗ َ َﻤ ﺎدَى ِﺑ َﮭ ﺎ اﻟ ﺪﱠ ُم‬،‫ﻋﺎدَﺗ ُ َﮭ ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺸ َﺮ َﯾ ْﻮ ًﻣ ﺎ َو ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘ َ ﺎدَ ِة‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ َ َ‫ﺴ ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺧ َْﻤ‬
‫ﺎﻣ ِﻞ‬ ِ ‫ َو ِﻟ ْﻠ َﺤ‬،‫ﺸ َﺮ ﯾَ ْﻮ ًﻣ ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ َ َ‫ﺴ ﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺎو ْز ﺧ َْﻤ‬ ُ ‫ت ﺛ َ َﻼﺛَﺔَ أَﯾ ٍﱠﺎم َﻣﺎ ﻟَ ْﻢ ﺗ َ َﺠ‬ ْ َ‫زَ اد‬
The sunna of tayammum are:
‫ َوﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ِﺳﺘ ﱠ ِﺔ أ َ ْﺷ ُﮭ ٍﺮ‬،‫ﻋﺸ ََﺮ ﯾَ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َوﻧَﺤْ ُﻮھَﺎ‬ َ َ ‫ﺴﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ﺛ َ َﻼﺛ َ ِﺔ أ َ ْﺷ ُﮭ ٍﺮ ﺧ َْﻤ‬
1. Contacting the earth a second time for ‫ﺖ أَﯾﱠﺎ َﻣ ﮫُ َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ ﺗ ُ َﻜ ِ ّﻤ َﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻄ َﻊ اﻟ ﺪﱠ ُم ﻟَﻔﱠﻘ‬ ‫ِﻋ ْﺸ ُﺮونَ َوﻧَﺤْ ُﻮ َھ ﺎ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن ﺗ َﻘَ ﱠ‬
wiping his hands ‫اف َو َﻻ‬ ٌ ‫ط َﻮ‬ َ ‫ﺻ ْﻮ ٌم َو َﻻ‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼة ٌ َو َﻻ‬ َ ‫ﺾ‬ ِ ِ‫ َو َﻻ َﯾ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﺤﺎﺋ‬،‫ﻋﺎدَﺗ َ َﮭﺎ‬ َ
2. Wiping between the wrists and the elbows َ‫ﺼ ْﻮ ِم دُ ْون‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺎ‬
ُ َ ‫ﻀ‬ َ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﮭ‬ ‫ﯿ‬
ْ َ ‫ﻠ‬ ‫ﻋ‬
َ َ َ ِ َ ‫و‬ ، ٍ
‫ﺪ‬ ‫ْﺠ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ُ
‫ل‬ ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ُ ُ ‫د‬ ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫و‬ َ َ ْ ُ ‫َﻣ ﱡ‬
ٍ‫ﻒ‬ ‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺲ‬
3. Maintaining the order
‫ َو َﻻ ﯾَ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ ِﻟﺰَ ْو ِﺟ َﮭ ﺎ ﻓَ ْﺮ ُﺟ َﮭ ﺎ َو َﻻ َﻣ ﺎ‬،ٌ ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ َوﻗِ َﺮا َءﺗ ُ َﮭ ﺎ َﺟ ﺎﺋِﺰَ ة‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
The recommended acts of tayammum are: ْ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ
.‫ﺳ ﱠﺮﺗِ َﮭﺎ َو ُرﻛﺒَﺘ َ ْﯿ َﮭﺎ َﺣﺘﻰ ﺗ َﻐﺘ َ ِﺴ َﻞ‬ ُ َ‫ﺑَﯿْﻦ‬
1. Saying bismillah
2. Wiping the right hand before the left
3. Wiping the outer portion of the arms before
the inner portion.
4. Wiping the front part before the end part.

The things that invalidate tayammum are like wuḍū’.

Two farḍ prayers cannot be prayed with one
tayammum. The one who performs tayammum for a
farḍ prayer may pray nāfila prayers after it, touch
the Qur’ān, make ṭawāf, and recite [Qur’ān] if:

1. He had intended that,

2. This is done immediately after the prayer,
and ‫ﺎس‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ ٌﻞ ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ِﻨّ َﻔ‬
3. The time of the prayer has not exited

Tayammum for a nāfila makes all the aforementioned

‫ ﻓَ ﺈِذَا‬،‫ َوأ َ ْﻛﺜ َ ُﺮهُ ِﺳ ﺘﱡﻮنَ ﯾَ ْﻮ ًﻣ ﺎ‬،‫ﺾ ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﻨ ِﻌ ِﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﺎس َﻛ ْﺎﻟ َﺤ ْﯿ‬
ُ َ‫َواﻟﻨِّﻔ‬
permissible except a farḍ prayer. Whoever prays ‫ ﻓَ ﺈِذَا‬.‫ﺖ‬ْ ‫ﺻ ﻠﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺖ َو‬ ْ َ‫ﺴ ﻠ‬َ َ ‫ﻄ َﻊ اﻟﺪﱠ ُم ﻗُ ْﺒﻠَ َﮭﺎ َوﻟَﻮ ﻓِﻲ ﯾَ ْﻮ ِم ْاﻟ ِﻮ َﻻدَةِ ا ْﻏﺘ‬ َ َ‫ا ْﻧﻘ‬
ʿIshā’ with tayammum is allowed to pray shafiʾ and َ‫ﺸ َﺮ ﯾَ ْﻮ ًﻣ ﺎ ﻓَ ﺄ َ ْﻛﺜ َ َﺮ َﻛ ﺎن‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ َ َ‫ﺴ ﺔ‬َ ‫ﻋ َﺎودَ َھﺎ اﻟﺪﱠ ُم ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن َﻛ ﺎنَ ﺑَ ْﯿﻨَ ُﮭ َﻤ ﺎ ﺧ َْﻤ‬
َ
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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

witr afterwards if there is no delay. If one is making ِ َ‫ﺿ ﱠﻢ ِإﻟَﻰ اﻷ َ ﱠو ِل َو َﻛﺎنَ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ َﻤ ِﺎم اﻟﻨِّﻔ‬
.‫ﺎس‬ ً ‫اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ َﺣ ْﯿ‬
ُ ‫ َو ِإ ﱠﻻ‬،‫ﻀﺎ‬
tayammum while in a state of janāba, there must be
that specific intention.

ِ ‫ﺼ ٌﻞ ِﻓﻲ اﻷ َ ْوﻗَﺎ‬
‫ت‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬

‫آﺧ ِﺮ‬ ِ ‫ﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ إِﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ﻠﻈ ْﮭ ِﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ زَ َوا ِل اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎر ِﻟ ﱡ‬ ُ َ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻗﺖُ ْاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺨﺘ‬ َ
‫ﺻ ِﻔ َﺮ ِار‬ َ
ْ ‫ﺼ ِﺮ ِﻣﻦَ اﻟﻘَﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ إِﻟﻰ ِاﻻ‬ ْ ْ َ‫ﺎر ِﻟﻠﻌ‬ ْ ُ َ ‫ َواﻟ ُﻤ ْﺨﺘ‬،‫ْاﻟﻘَﺎ َﻣﺔ‬
ْ
‫ب ﻗَ ْﺪ ُر َﻣﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺎر ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻤ ْﻐ ِﺮ‬ ُ َ ‫ب َو ْاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺨﺘ‬ ِ ‫ورﯾﱡ ُﮭﻤﺎ ِإﻟَﻰ ْاﻟﻐُ ُﺮو‬ ِ ‫ﺿ ُﺮ‬ َ ‫َو‬
ِ ‫ﺎء ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ِﻐﯿ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ِ ‫ﺸ‬ ْ
َ ‫ﺎر ِﻟﻠ ِﻌ‬ ْ
ُ َ ‫ َواﻟ ُﻤ ْﺨﺘ‬،‫وط َﮭﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺷ ُﺮ‬ ُ َ‫ﺼ ِﻠّﻲ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ‬ َ ُ‫ﺗ‬
ُُ
ِ‫ورﯾﱡ ُﮭ َﻤﺎ ِإﻟَﻰ طﻠﻮع‬ ِ ‫ﺿ ُﺮ‬ َ ‫ َو‬،‫ﺚ اﻟﻠﱠ ْﯿ ِﻞ اﻷ َ ﱠو ِل‬ ِ ُ‫ﻖ ِإﻟَﻰ ﺛُﻠ‬ ِ َ‫ﺸﻔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎر اﻷ َ ْﻋﻠَﻰ‬ ِ َ‫اﻹ ْﺳﻔ‬ ِ ‫ﺼ ْﺒﺢِ ِﻣﻦَ ْاﻟﻔَﺠْ ِﺮ إِﻟَﻰ‬ ‫ﺎر ِﻟﻠ ﱡ‬ ُ َ ‫ْاﻟﻔَﺠْ ِﺮ؛ َو ْاﻟ ُﻤ ْﺨﺘ‬
Ḥayḍ (Menstruation) ‫ﻀﺎ ُء ﻓِﻲ ْاﻟ َﺠ ِﻤﯿﻊ َﻣﺎ‬ َ َ‫ َو ْاﻟﻘ‬،‫ﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ‬ ‫طﻠُﻮعِ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ورﯾﱡﮫُ إِﻟَﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺿ ُﺮ‬ َ ‫َو‬
‫ﺐ‬ ْ
ٌ ‫ﺼ َﻼة َ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﺧ َﺮ َج َوﻗﺘ ُ َﮭﺎ ﻓَ َﻌﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ذَ ْﻧ‬ َ
‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ أ ﱠﺧ َﺮ اﻟ ﱠ‬،‫َو َرا َء ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ‬
ٌ
َ‫ﺼﻠﻰ ﻧَﺎﻓِﻠَﺔ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ُ ‫ﻋ ِﻈﯿ ٌﻢ ِإ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن َﯾ ُﻜﻮنَ ﻧَﺎ ِﺳﯿًﺎ أ َ ْو ﻧَﺎﺋِ ًﻤﺎ؛ َو َﻻ ﺗ‬ َ
Women are either: ‫ﺼ ِﺮ ِإﻟَﻰ‬ ْ َ ‫ﻌ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫ة‬‫ﻼ‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ََْ َ ِ ْ ِ ِ ْ ‫و‬ ، ‫ﺲ‬ ‫ﻤ‬‫ﺸ‬‫ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎع‬ َ ‫ﻔ‬ ‫ﺗ‬‫ر‬ ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ْﺢ‬ ‫ﺒ‬
ِ ِ ‫َ ِ ﱡ‬‫ﺼ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﻼ‬ َ ‫ﺻ‬
ُْ‫ﻋﻨﮫ‬ ْ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ َوﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ طﻠﻮعِ اﻟﻔﺠْ ِﺮ إِﻻ اﻟ ِﻮ ْردَ ِﻟﻨَﺎﺋِ ٍﻢ‬،‫ب‬ َ ُ ُ ِ ‫ﺻ َﻼةِ اﻟ َﻤ ْﻐ ِﺮ‬ َ
1. Experiencing ḥayd for the first time
2. Having a regular period, or ‫ﱠ‬ ْ
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟ ِﻤﻨﺒَ ِﺮ َوﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ُﺠ ْﻤﻌَ ِﺔ َﺣﺘﻰ‬ ْ ْ َ ْ
َ ‫ﻮس إِ ِﻣ ِﺎم اﻟ ُﺠ ْﻤﻌَ ِﺔ‬ ُ
ِ ‫َو ِﻋﻨﺪَ ُﺟﻠ‬ ْ
3. Pregnant ْ
.‫ﯾَ ْﺨ ُﺮ َج ِﻣﻦَ اﻟ َﻤﺴ ِْﺠ ِﺪ‬
The longest a woman’s first menstrual cycle can be
is 15 days. The [most for a] for a woman with a
regular cycle is her normal period. If the blood
continues to flow, then she would add 3 days to [her
longest] cycle as long as it does not make it more
than 15 days. For the pregnant woman, if it is after:

1. Three months, she adds 15 days and “the

like” (totaling 20 days)
2. Six months, she adds 20 days and “the like”
(totaling 30 days)

‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة‬
‫وط اﻟ ﱠ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ ٌﻞ ﻓِﻲ ﺷ ُُﺮ‬
If the blood cuts off intermittently, then she adds up
the days until she completes her usual duration. It َ‫ﺚ ِﻣ ﻦ‬ ِ َ‫ﺎرة ُ ْاﻟ َﺨﺒ‬ َ ‫ط َﮭ‬ َ ‫ث َو‬ ِ َ‫ﺎرة ُ اﻟ َﺤ ﺪ‬َ ‫ط َﮭ‬َ ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ‫ط اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﺷ ُﺮو‬ ُ ‫َو‬
is not permissible for a menstruating woman to
ُ‫ َوﺗ َ ْﺮك‬،‫ﺳﺘْ ُﺮ ْاﻟﻌَ ْﻮ َرةِ َوا ْﺳﺘِ ْﻘﺒَﺎ ُل ْاﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒﻠَ ِﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺎن َو‬ِ ‫ب َواﻟ َﻤ َﻜ‬ ِ ‫ْاﻟﺒَﺪَ ِن َواﻟﺜ ﱠ ْﻮ‬
pray, fast, perform ṭawāf, touch a copy of the Qur’ān
or enter a masjid. She must make up her fasts, but َ ِ‫اﻟ َﻜ َﻼ ِم َوﺗ َ ْﺮكُ اﻷ َ ْﻓﻌَﺎ ِل اﻟ َﻜﺜ‬
ِ‫ﯿﺮة‬
not her prayers. It is permissible for her to recite

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

Qur’ān. It is not permissible for her husband to

touch her vagina or what is between the umbilicus
(belly button) and the knees until she performs a
ghusl.
‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛﺒَ ِﺔ َو ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺮأ َة ُ ُﻛﻠﱡ َﮭ ﺎ‬
‫ﺴ ﱠﺮةِ إِﻟَﻰ ﱡ‬ ّ ِ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ َﻣﺎ ﺑَﯿْﻦَ اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ ْﻮ َرة ُ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َو‬
‫ﺴ َﺮا ِوﯾ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻼة ُ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ْ ُ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ
‫ َوﺗﻜ َﺮهُ اﻟ ﱠ‬،‫اﻟﻮﺟْ ﮫَ َواﻟ َﻜﻔ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺪَا‬ َ ‫ﻋ ْﻮ َرة ٌ َﻣﺎ‬ َ
Post Partum Discharge (Nifās) ‫ﺲ ﺛ َ ْﻮﺑُ ﮫُ َوﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَ ِﺠ ْﺪ ﺛ َ ْﻮﺑً ﺎ‬ َ ‫ِإ َﻻ ِإذَا َﻛ ﺎنَ ﻓَ ْﻮﻗَ َﮭ ﺎ‬
َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ ﻨَ ﱠﺠ‬،‫ﺷ ْﻲ ٌء‬
‫ﺲ َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ‬ ْ
ُ ‫ﻏﯿ َْﺮهُ َوﻟَ ْﻢ َﯾ ِﺠ ْﺪ َﻣﺎ ًء َﯾ ْﻐ ِﺴﻠُﮫُ ِﺑ ِﮫ أ َ ْو ﻟَ ْﻢ َﯾ ُﻜ ْﻦ ِﻋ ْﻨ ﺪَهُ َﻣ ﺎ َﯾﻠ َﺒ‬ َ
Nifās is like ḥayḍ conerning what is prevented by it.
The most that it can be is 60 days. If the blood cuts ‫ َو َﻻ َﯾ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ‬،‫ﺳ ِﺘ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺻ ﻠﱠﻰ ِﺑﻨَ َﺠﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻗ‬ َ ‫ﺎف ُﺧ ُﺮو َج‬ َ ‫َﯾ ْﻐ ِﺴ ﻠَﮫُ َو َﺧ‬
off before that, even if on the day of the birth, then ‫ﺼﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫ﺎرةِ؛ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻓَﻌَ َﻞ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ ﻓَﻘَ ْﺪ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻄ َﮭ‬ ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ِﻟﻌَ ﺪَ ِم ﱠ‬ ‫ﯿﺮ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ َ ﺄ ْ ِﺧ‬
she performs ghusl and prays. If the blood returns ،ُ‫َرﺑﱠﮫ‬
and 15 days had gone by, then the second blood is
ḥayḍ. Otherwise, she adds it to the previous days
and it is a completion of her nifās.

‫ﻋ ْﺮﯾَﺎﻧً ﺎ؛ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ُ ‫ﺻ ﻠﱠﻰ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَ ِﺠ ْﺪ َﻣ ﺎ ﯾَ ْﺴ ﺘ ُ ُﺮ ﺑِ ِﮫ‬

َ ُ‫ﻋ ْﻮ َرﺗ َ ﮫ‬
‫ﻲ‬َ ‫ﺖ ﻓَ ِﮭ‬ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻗ‬ َ ‫ﻋ ﺎدَةٍ ﻓِ ﻲ‬َ ِ‫ َو ُﻛ ﱡﻞ إ‬،‫ﺖ‬ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻗ‬َ ‫ﻋ ﺎدَ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ َ َ ‫ﻄ ﺄ َ ْاﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒﻠَ ﺔَ أ‬
َ ‫أ َ ْﺧ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ْﻗ‬
ُ‫ﺖ ﻓَ َﻼ ﺗ ُ َﻌ ﺎدُ ِﻣ ْﻨ ﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺼ َﻼة ُ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ ‫ َو ُﻛ ﱡﻞ َﻣ ﺎ ﺗ ُ َﻌ ﺎدُ ِﻣ ْﻨ ﮫُ اﻟ ﱠ‬،ٌ‫ﻀ ﯿﻠَﺔ‬ ِ َ‫ﻓ‬
ُ.‫ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺋِﺘ َﺔُ َواﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِﻠَﺔ‬
Section on the Prayer Times

The preferred time (mukhtar) for dhuhr begins from

ُ ‫ﯿﺮة‬ َ ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ْاﻟ ُﻤﻌَﯿِّﻨَ ِﺔ‬
َ ِ‫وﺗ َ ْﻜﺒ‬، ‫ ﻧِﯿﱠ ﺔُ اﻟ ﱠ‬:ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ‫ﺾ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ِ‫ ﻓَ َﺮاﺋ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
the post-zenith (zawāl) of the sun. It continues until ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻓ ُﻊ‬
‫ َو ﱠ‬،‫ع‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛﻮ‬ ‫ َو ﱡ‬،‫ َو ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤﺔُ َو ْاﻟ ِﻘﯿَﺎ ُم ﻟَ َﮭﺎ‬،‫اﻹﺣْ َﺮ ِام َو ْاﻟ ِﻘﯿَﺎ ُم ﻟَ َﮭﺎ‬
ِ
the length of the shadow equals the post-zenith ،‫ َوا ِﻻ ْﻋﺘِ ﺪَا ُل‬،ُ‫اﻟﺮﻓ ُﻊ ِﻣ ْﻨ ﮫ‬ ْ ْ
‫ َو ﱠ‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ اﻟ َﺠ ْﺒ َﮭ ِﺔ‬ َ ُ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮد‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻨ ﮫُ َواﻟ ﱡ‬
(zawāl) shadow plus the length of the object ُ‫ﺳ ﮫ‬ ُ ‫ َو ُﺟﻠُﻮ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ُم‬ ‫ َواﻟ ﱠ‬،‫ﻀ َﮭﺎ‬ ِ ِ‫ﺐ َﺑ ْﯿﻦَ ﻓَ َﺮاﺋ‬ ُ ‫ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺮﺗِﯿ‬،‫اﻟﻄ َﻤﺄ ْﻧِﯿﻨَ ﺔ‬
ُ ‫َو ﱡ‬
[measured]. The mukhtar for ʿasr is from the end of
dhuhr until the yellowing period. The necessary
.ُ‫ﺎرﻧُﮫ‬ ِ َ‫اﻟﱠﺬِي ﯾُﻘ‬
(ḍarūrī) of both prayers is until sunset. The mukhtār
of maghrib is from sunset and continues for the time
it would take to perform the prayer after fulfilling
its conditions. The mukhtār of ʿIshā’ is from the
setting of the redness in the sky until the first third
of the night. The ḍarūrī of both prayers is until the
first light of dawn (fajr). The mukhtār of the
morning prayer (ṣubḥ) is from the first light of dawn
(fajr) until clear light (isfār). Its ḍarūrī is until the
rising of the sun. Prayers are considered make-up
(qaḍā’) after all of those aforementioned times.
.‫اﻹﺣْ َﺮ ِام‬ َ ‫ﺎرﻧَﺘ ُ َﮭﺎ ِﻟﺘ َ ْﻜ ِﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﯿﺮ ِة‬ ُ ‫ﺷ ْﺮ‬
َ َ‫ط( اﻟ ِﻨّﯿﱠ ِﺔ ُﻣﻘ‬ َ ‫) َو‬
If one delays a prayer until its time has exited, then
he has upon him a grand sin, unless he forgot or was ‫ َو ْاﻟ ِﻘﯿَ ﺎ ُم‬،‫ﻮرة ُ اﻟﱠﺘِ ﻲ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤ ِﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺴ‬‫ َواﻟ ﱡ‬،ُ‫اﻹﻗَﺎ َﻣ ﺔ‬ ِ (‫ﺳﻨﱠﺘ ُ َﮭﺎ‬ ُ ‫) َو‬
asleep. Nāfila prayers are not performed after:
‫ﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ‬ ْ
َ ‫ َو‬،‫ َواﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ ُﺮ ﻓِﯿ َﻤ ﺎ ﯾُﺠْ َﮭ ُﺮ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ‬،‫ﺴ ﱡﺮ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ُ‫ﺴ ﱡﺮ ﻓِﯿ َﻤﺎ ﯾ‬ّ ِ ‫ َواﻟ‬،‫ﻟَ َﮭﺎ‬
1. The morning prayer (ṣubḥ) until the sun has ‫ان‬ِ َ‫ﺸ ﱡﮭﺪ‬ َ ‫ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ‬،‫ﺳ ﻨﱠﺔٌ ِإ ﱠﻻ اﻷ ُوﻟَ ﻰ‬ ُ ٍ‫ﷲُ ِﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ َﺣ ِﻤ ﺪَهُ َو ُﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺗ َ ْﻜ ِﺒﯿ َﺮة‬
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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

risen ُ‫ﻮرةِ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺴ ِﻠﯿ َﻤﺔ‬َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ اﻟ ﱡ‬ َ ‫ َوﺗ َ ْﻘ ِﺪﯾ ُﻢ ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤ ِﺔ‬،‫ﻮس ﻟَ ُﮭ َﻤ ﺎ‬ ُ ُ‫َو ْاﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِ َﯿﺔُ َواﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟﺜَﺔُ ِﻟ ْﻠ َﻤﺄ ْ ُﻣ‬
2. After ʿasr prayer until the prayer of maghrib
3. After the first light of dawn, except for a
ُ ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ِ ‫ﻮم َو ْاﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ ُﺮ ِﺑﺎﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺴ ِﻠﯿ َﻤ ِﺔ ْاﻟ َﻮ‬
‫ َواﻟ ﱠ‬،‫اﺟ َﺒ ِﺔ‬
regular routine of prayers that one overslept ،‫ﺳ ﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ آ ِﻟ ِﮫ َو‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َو‬ َ ‫ﺻ ﻠﱠﻰ ﷲُ ﺗ َ َﻌ ﺎﻟَﻰ‬ َ ِ‫ﺳ ﻮ ِل ﷲ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ َر‬ َ
and was not able to perform َ ْ
‫اف اﻟﻘ ﺪَ َﻣ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬ ْ َ ْ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﻒ َواﻟ َﻜﻔ ْﯿ ِﻦ َواﻟ ﱡﺮﻛﺒَﺘ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ َوأط َﺮ‬ ْ ْ َ
ِ ‫ﻋ ﻠ ﻰ اﻷ ﻧ‬ َ َ ُ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮد‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱡ‬
4. When the Imam of the Friday prayer sits on ُ ُ َ
‫ﻮم َوأﻗَﻠ َﮭﺎ ِﻏﻠﻆ ُر ْﻣﺢٍ َوطﻮ ُل ِذ َراعٍ ط ﺎ َ ِھ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﱡ‬ َ ْ ْ
ِ ‫ﺴﺘ َﺮة ُ ِﻟﻐَﯿ ِْﺮ اﻟ َﻤﺄ ُﻣ‬ ْ ‫َواﻟ ﱡ‬
the minbar.
.‫ﺸ ﱠﻮ ٍش‬ َ ‫ﯿﺮ ُﻣ‬ ِ ‫ﻏ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬ ٍ ‫ﺛَﺎ ِﺑ‬
5. After the jumuʿa prayer until he leaves the
masjid

Section on the Conditions of the Prayer

The conditions for the prayer are:

1. Purity from ḥadath (in need of wudu or

ghusl)
2. Purity from khabath (impurities) on one’s
body, clothing and place of prayer
3. Covering the nakedness (ʿawra)
4. Facing the qibla (direction of Mecca) ‫اﻹﺣْ َﺮ ِام َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ ﺗ ُﻘَ ﺎ ِﺑ َﻼ‬ ِ َ‫ﻀ ﺎﺋِﻠُ َﮭﺎ( َر ْﻓ ُﻊ ْاﻟ َﯿ ﺪَﯾ ِْﻦ ِﻋ ْﻨ ﺪ‬ َ َ‫) َوﻓ‬
5. Leaving speech َ‫ﯿﻦ َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ ْ
ُ ‫ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ﺄ ِﻣ‬،ُ‫ َرﺑﱠﻨَﺎ َوﻟَ َﻚ ْاﻟ َﺤ ْﻤﺪ‬:ّ‫ﻮم َو ْاﻟﻔَ ِﺬ‬ ْ
ِ ‫اﻷ ُذُﻧَ ْﯿ ِﻦ َوﻗَ ْﻮ ُل ْاﻟ َﻤﺄ ُﻣ‬
6. Leaving excessive actions
،‫ﺴ ِ ّﺮ‬ ّ ِ ‫اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم إِ ﱠﻻ ﻓِﻲ ﻗِ َﺮا َءةِ اﻟ‬ ِ ‫ َو َﻻ ﯾَﻘُﻮﻟُ َﮭﺎ‬،‫ﻮم‬ ِ ‫ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤ ِﺔ ِﻟ ْﻠﻔَ ِﺬّ َو ْاﻟ َﻤﺄ ْ ُﻣ‬
The nakedness (ʿawra) of a man is between his ِ‫ﻄ ِﻮﯾ ُﻞ ْاﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا َءة‬ ْ َ ‫ َوﺗ‬،‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد‬ ‫ﻋﺎ ُء ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱡ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛﻮعِ َواﻟﺪﱡ‬ ‫َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺴﺒِﯿ ُﺢ ﻓِﻲ ﱡ‬
umbilicus and his knees. The entire body of a ،‫ب‬ ِ ‫ﺼ ِﺮ َواﻟ َﻤ ْﻐ ِﺮ‬ ْ ‫ﯿﺮ َھﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ َﻌ‬ ُ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﺼﺒْﺢِ َو ﱡ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻈ ُﮭ ِﺮ ﺗ َ ِﻠﯿ َﮭﺎ َوﺗ َ ْﻘ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱡ‬
woman is nakedness, except for her face and her ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻷوﻟَ ﻰ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧِ َﯿ ِﺔ‬ ْ ُ ‫ﻮرة‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻮن اﻟ ﱡ‬ ُ ‫ﺎء َوﺗ َ ُﻜ‬ ِ ‫ﺸ‬ َ ‫ﺳ ﻄ َﮭﺎ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ِﻌ‬ ُ ‫َوﺗ َ َﻮ ﱡ‬
hands. Prayer is disliked [for a man] if performed ْ َ ‫َوأ‬
while wearing only pants [i.e. bare-chested] unless ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ َواﻟ ﱡ‬ ‫ َو ْاﻟ َﮭ ْﯿﺌ َ ﺔُ ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻠُﻮ َﻣ ﺔُ ِﻓ ﻲ ﱡ‬،‫ط َﻮ َل ِﻣ ْﻨ َﮭ ﺎ‬
there is something over it [i.e. a shirt or a shawl]. If ‫ﻮرةِ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ َوﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱡ‬ ‫ َو ْاﻟﻘُﻨُ ﻮتُ ِﺳ ﱠﺮا ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﱡ‬،‫ﻮس‬ ِ ُ‫َو ْاﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬
one gets impurities on his clothing, cannot find ‫ﺸ ﱡﮭ ِﺪ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺎ ُء ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟﺘ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ َواﻟ ﺪﱡ‬،ِ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮع‬ ‫ﻮز ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ ﱡ‬ ُ ‫ َوﯾَ ُﺠ‬،ِ‫ﺼ ﺒْﺢ‬ ‫ﺛ َﺎﻧِﯿَ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱡ‬
something else to wear or water to wash it, and does ‫ﻦ‬ ُ ‫ط َﻮ َل ِﻣ ﻦَ اﻷ َ ﱠو ِل َواﻟﺘ ﱠﯿَ ﺎ ُﻣ‬ ْ َ ‫ﺸ ﱡﮭﺪُ اﻟﺜ ﱠ ﺎﻧِﻲ أ‬ َ ‫ﻮن اﻟﺘ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ َوﯾَ ُﻜ‬،‫اﻟﺜ ﱠ ﺎﻧِﻲ‬
not have another garment to wear while he washes
it, then he can pray with the impurity. It is not
‫ﺸ ﱡﮭ ِﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺴ َﺒﺎ َﺑ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﺘ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم َوﺗ َﺤْ ِﺮﯾﻚُ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ِﺑﺎﻟ ﱠ‬
permissible to delay the prayer because of lack of
purity, and whoever does that has disobeyed his
Lord.

The one who does not find any clothing to cover his
nakedness prays naked. Whoever makes a mistake
in regards to the qibla should repeat if there is still
time. Every repetition of the prayer is a virtuous act
(faḍīla). For everything that would cause one to
repeat the prayer does not apply to missed prayers
or nafila prayers.

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

Section

The obligations of prayer are:

1. An intention of the specific prayer ،‫ﯿﺾ اﻟﻌَ ْﯿﻨَ ﯿ ِْﻦ‬

ُ ‫َوﯾُ ْﻜ َﺮهُ ا ِﻻ ْﻟﺘِ َﻔ ﺎتُ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬
‫ َوﺗ َ ْﻐ ِﻤ‬،ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬
َ ‫َو ْاﻟﺒَ ْﺴ َﻤﻠَﺔُ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ َﻌ ﱡﻮذُ ﻓِ ﻲ ْاﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬
2. The takbīr of iḥrām
،‫ان ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِﻞ‬ ِ َ‫ َوﯾَ ُﺠ ﻮز‬،‫ﻀ ِﺔ‬
3. Standing for the Takbīr of iḥrām
4. Fātiḥā ُ ‫ َوا ْﻗﺘِ َﺮ‬،ُ‫اﺣ ﺪَةٍ ِإ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن ﯾُﻄ ﻮ َل ﻗِ َﯿﺎ ُﻣ ﮫ‬
‫ان‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ ِرﺟْ ٍﻞ َو‬ ُ ُ‫َو ْاﻟ ُﻮﻗ‬
َ ‫ﻮف‬
5. Standing for the fātiḥa ‫ َو َﻛ ﺬَ ِﻟ َﻚ ُﻛ ﱡﻞ َﻣ ﺎ‬،‫ﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ ِه ِﻓ ﻲ ﻓَﻤ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ِرﺟْ ﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َو َﺟ ْﻌ ُﻞ ِد ْر َھ ٍﻢ أ َ ْو‬
6. Bowing ِ ‫ َواﻟﺘ ﱠﻔَ ﱡﻜ ُﺮ ﻓِ ﻲ أ ُ ُﻣ‬،‫ظ ْﮭ ِﺮ ِه‬
‫ﻮر‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺷﮫُ ﻓِﻲ َﺟ ْﯿﺒِ ِﮫ أ َ ْو ُﻛ ِ ّﻤ ِﮫ أ َ ْو‬
ُ ‫ﺸ ّ ِﻮ‬
َ ُ‫ﯾ‬
7. Rising from the bowing .ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ‫ﺸﻮعِ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ْ
ُ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ُﺨ‬ ُ ُ
َ ُ‫اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧﯿَﺎ َوﻛ ﱡﻞ َﻣﺎ ﯾَ ْﺸﻐَﻠﮫ‬
8. Prostrating on the forehead
9. Rising from the prostration
10. Standing upright
11. Stillness
12. Maintaining the order of the obligations
13. The final salām
14. The sitting that is needed for the final salām

The condition of the intention is that it is directly

linked to the takbīr of iḥrām. ‫ﺼ ِﻠّﯿﻦَ َو َﻻ‬ َ ‫ﻮب ْاﻟ ُﻤ‬ ُ ُ‫ﻋ ِﻈﯿ ٌﻢ ﺗ َ ْﺸ ُﺮ ُق ِﺑ ِﮫ ﻗُﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻮر‬ ٌ ُ‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة ﻧ‬‫ ِﻟﻠ ﱠ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ ‫َﻓ‬
The sunna of the prayer are: َ‫غ ﻗَ ْﻠﺒَ َﻚ ِﻣ ﻦ‬ ْ ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ﻓَﻔَ ِ ّﺮ‬ ‫ﺖ إِﻟَ ﻰ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﺈِذَا أ َﺗ َ ْﯿ‬، َ‫ﯾَﻨَﺎﻟُﮫُ إِ ﱠﻻ ْاﻟ َﺨﺎ ِﺷﻌُﻮن‬
‫ﺼ ِﻠّﻰ ِﻟ َﻮﺟْ ِﮭ ِﮫ‬ َ ُ ‫ َوا ْﺷﺘ َ ِﻐ ْﻞ ﺑِ ُﻤ َﺮاﻗَﺒَ ِﺔ َﻣ ْﻮ َﻻ َك اﻟﱠﺬِي ﺗ‬،‫اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧﯿَﺎ َو َﻣﺎ ﻓِﯿ َﮭﺎ‬
1. Saying the iqāma ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎﻧَﮫُ ِﺑ ْﺎﻟ ِﻘﯿَ ِﺎم‬ ُ ِ ‫ﺿ ٌﻊ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ع َوﺗ َ َﻮا‬ ٌ ‫ﺸﻮ‬ ُ ‫ﺼ َﻼة َ ُﺧ‬ ‫َوا ْﻋﺘ َ ِﻘ ْﺪ أ َ ﱠن اﻟ ﱠ‬
2.
3.
Reciting a sūra after the fātiḥa
Standing for the sūra ِ‫ﯿﺮ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺴ ِﺒﯿﺢ‬ ِ ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد َو ِإﺟْ َﻼ ٌل َوﺗ َ ْﻌ ِﻈ ﯿ ٌﻢ ﻟَ ﮫُ ِﺑ ﺎﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﻜ ِﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ َواﻟ ﱡ‬ ‫َو ﱡ‬
‫ َو َﻻ‬،‫ت‬ ِ ‫ﻈ ُﻢ اﻟ ِﻌ َﺒ ﺎدَا‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼ ِﺗ َﻚ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠ َﮭ ﺎ أ َ ْﻋ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻆ‬ ْ ‫َواﻟ ِﺬّ ْﻛ ِﺮ ﻓَ َﺤ ﺎ ِﻓ‬
4. Reciting silently where appropriate
5. Reciting out loud where appropriate ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ َﻚ َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻋ ْﻦ‬ َ ‫ﺐ ﺑِﻘَ ْﻠﺒِ َﻚ َوﯾَ ْﺸ ﻐَﻠُ َﻚ‬ ُ َ‫ﻄﺎنَ ﯾَ ْﻠﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺸ ْﯿ‬‫ﺗ َﺘْ ُﺮ ِك اﻟ ﱠ‬
6. Saying samiʿa Allahu liman ḥamidahu ‫ ﻓَﻌَﻠَ ْﯿ َﻚ ﺑِ ﺪَ َو ِام‬،ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ‫ﺲ ﻗَ ْﻠﺒَ َﻚ َوﯾَﺤْ ِﺮ َﻣ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻟَ ﺬﱠةِ أ َ ْﻧ َﻮ ِار اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﻄ ِﻤ‬ ْ َ‫ﯾ‬
7. Every takbīr except the first one ‫ﺐ‬ِ َ‫ﺴ ﺒ‬ َ ‫ﺎء َو ْاﻟ ُﻤ ْﻨ َﻜ ِﺮ ِﺑ‬ ِ ‫ﺸ‬ َ ْ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ْاﻟﻔَﺤ‬ َ ‫ﺸ ﻮعِ ﻓِﯿ َﮭ ﺎ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠ َﮭ ﺎ ﺗ َ ْﻨ َﮭ ﻰ‬ ُ ‫ْاﻟ ُﺨ‬
8. Both tashah-huds
9. Sitting for them ٍ ‫ ﻓَﺎ ْﺳﺘ َ ِﻌ ْﻦ ِﺑﺎ ِ ِإﻧﱠﮫُ َﺧﯿ ُْﺮ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘ َ َﻌ‬،‫ﺸﻮعِ ﻓِﯿ َﮭﺎ‬
.‫ﺎن‬ ُ ‫ْاﻟ ُﺨ‬
10. Reciting the fātiḥa before the sūra
11. The second and third salām for the one
following an imām
12. Saying only the obligatory salām audibly
13. Sending prayers upon the Messenger of Allāh

14. Prostrating on the nose, hands, knees and ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﻌﺔُ أَﺣْ َﻮا ٍل ُﻣ َﺮﺗ ﱠ َﺒ ٍﺔ ﺗ ُ َﺆدﱠي‬ َ ‫ﺿ ِﺔ‬ َ ‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﻔ ُﺮو‬ ‫ ِﻟﻠ ﱠ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ﻓ‬
tips of the feet :‫ب‬ِ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ اﻻ ْﺳ ﺘِﺤْ ﺒَﺎ‬ َ ٌ‫ َوﺛ َ َﻼﺛَﺔ‬،‫ب‬ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ُﺟﻮ‬ ُ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬ َ ‫ أ َ ْرﺑَﻌَﺔٌ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﮭﺎ‬:‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ َﮭﺎ‬َ
15. Using a sutra for other than the one
following an imām. The least that the sutra ُ ‫ ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬،‫أ َ ﱠوﻟ َﮭﺎ اﻟ ِﻘﯿَﺎ ُم ﺑِﻐَﯿ ِْﺮ ا ْﺳﺘِﻨَﺎ ٍد ﺛ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ِﻘﯿَ ﺎ ُم ﺑِﺎ ْﺳ ﺘِﻨِﺎ ٍد‬
‫ﻮس ﺑِﻐَ ْﯿ ِﺮ‬ ُ ُ ُ ُ
can be is: ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﯿﺐ ﺑَﯿﻦَ َھ ِﺬ ِه اﻷ َ ْرﺑَﻌَ ِﺔ‬ ُ ُ‫ ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ اﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬،‫ا ْﺳﺘِﻨَﺎ ٍد‬
ُ ِ‫ ﻓَﺎﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺮﺗ‬.‫ﻮس ﺑِﺎ ْﺳﺘِﻨَﺎ ٍد‬
a. The thickness of a spear ،‫ﺻ ﻠﱠﻰ ِﺑ َﺤﺎﻟَ ٍﺔ دُوﻧَ َﮭ ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ َﺣﺎﻟَ ٍﺔ ِﻣ ْﻨ َﮭ ﺎ َو‬ َ ‫ب ِإذَا ﻗَ ﺪَ َر‬ِ ‫اﻟﻮ ُﺟ ﻮ‬ ُ
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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

b. The length of a dhirāʾ (cubit) ‫ أ َ ْن‬:‫ﻲ‬ َ ‫ب ِھ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ اﻻ ْﺳ ﺘِﺤْ ﺒَﺎ‬ َ ‫ َواﻟﺜ ﱠ َﻼﺛ َ ﺔُ اﻟﱠﺘِ ﻲ‬،ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬َ َ‫ﺑ‬
c. Pure
d. Firmly grounded
‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ َﺟ ْﻨ ِﺒ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﻮر ِة‬َ ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ َھ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﺜ ﱠ َﻼﺛ َ ِﺔ ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ ُﻛ‬ َ ‫ﺎﺟ ُﺰ‬ ِ ‫ﺼ ِﻠّﻲ ْاﻟ َﻌ‬ َ ُ‫ﯾ‬
e. Not distracting ‫ﻒ ِﻓ ﻲ‬ َ َ‫ظ ْﮭ ِﺮ ِه؛ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن َﺧ ﺎﻟ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺴ ِﺮ ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ اﻷ َ ْﯾ‬ َ ‫ ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ‬،‫اﻷ َ ْﯾ َﻤ ِﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺻ َﻼة‬ َ ‫ﻄ ُﻞ ﺑِ ِﮫ‬ ُ ‫ َواﻻ ْﺳ ﺘِﻨَﺎدُ اﻟﱠ ﺬِي ﺗ َ ْﺒ‬،ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﻄ ْﻞ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺜ ﱠ َﻼﺛ َ ِﺔ ﻟَ ْﻢ ﺗ َ ْﺒ‬
The recommended acts of the prayer are: ‫ َوإِ ْن َﻛ ﺎنَ َﻻ‬،‫ﻮط ِﮫ‬ ِ ُ‫ﺴ ﻘ‬ ُ ِ‫ﻂ ﺑ‬ ُ ُ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ ﺗ َ ْﺮ ِﻛ ِﮫ ُھ َﻮ اﻟﱠ ﺬِي ﯾَ ْﺴ ﻘ‬ َ ‫ْاﻟﻘَ ﺎ ِد ِر‬
1. Raising the hands during the opening takbīr
‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻮز ِﻟ ْﻠﻘَ ﺎ ِد ِر‬ُ ‫ َوأ َ ﱠﻣﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِﻠَﺔُ ﻓَﯿَ ُﺠ‬،ٌ‫ﻮط ِﮫ ﻓَ ُﮭ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻜ ُﺮوه‬ ِ ُ ‫ﺴﻘ‬ ُ ‫ﻂ ِﺑ‬ُ ُ‫ﯾَ ْﺴﻘ‬
until they are near the ears. ‫ﻮز أ َ ْن‬ ُ ‫ﻒ أَﺟْ ِﺮ ْاﻟﻘَ ﺎﺋِ ِﻢ َو َﯾ ُﺠ‬ ُ ‫ﺼ‬ ْ ِ‫ َوﻟَ ﮫُ ﻧ‬،‫ﺴﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺼ ِﻠّ َﯿ َﮭﺎ َﺟﺎ ِﻟ‬َ ُ‫اﻟ ِﻘ َﯿ ِﺎم أ َ ْن ﯾ‬
2. Saying rabana wa laka al-ḥamd for the one َ‫ﺲ َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ َ ‫ﻮم َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪَ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ أ َ ْو َﯾ ْﺪ ُﺧﻠُ َﮭﺎ ﻗَﺎ ِﺋ ًﻤ ﺎ َو َﯾﺠْ ِﻠ‬ َ ُ‫ﺴﺎ َو َﯾﻘ‬ ً ‫َﯾ ْﺪ ُﺧﻠَ َﮭﺎ َﺟﺎ ِﻟ‬
praying behind an imam or one praying .‫ﺳﮫُ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ‬ ُ ‫ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن ﯾَ ْﺪ ُﺧﻠَ َﮭﺎ ﺑِﻨِﯿﱠ ِﺔ ْاﻟ ِﻘﯿَ ِﺎم ﻓِﯿ َﮭﺎ ﻓَﯿَ ْﻤﺘ َﻨِ َﻊ ُﺟﻠُﻮ‬
alone.
3. Saying āmīn after the fātiḥa for the one
praying alone or behind an imām. The imām
does not say amīn except in the silent
prayers.
4. Tasbīḥ in the rukūʾ
5. Supplication (dua) in sujūd
6. Lengthening the recitation in Subḥ and Dhuhr
prayers.
7. Reciting short sūras in ʿAsr and Maghrib.
8. Reciting medium length sūras in ʿIshā’.
9. The first sūra should be before the second [in
the order found in the Qurā’n].
10. The first sūra should be longer than the
second.
11. Performing the well-known positions in the
rukūʾ, sujūd, and sitting.
12. The qunūt prayer done: ‫ت َو َﻻ َﯾ ِﺤ ﱡﻞ‬ ِ ‫ﺼﻠَ َﻮا‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ُء َﻣﺎ ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ِﺬّ ﱠﻣ ِﺔ ِﻣﻦَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺐ َﻗ‬ ُ ‫ َﯾ ِﺠ‬:‫ﺼ ٌﻞ‬ ْ ‫َﻓ‬
a. Silently َ ‫ﺴ ﺔَ أَﯾﱠ ٍﺎم ﻓَﻠَ ﯿ‬
ٍ‫ْﺲ ﺑِ ُﻤﻔَ ِ ّﺮط‬ َ ‫ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ُﻛ ﱠﻞ ﯾَ ْﻮ ٍم ﺧ َْﻤ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬،‫ﻂ ﻓِﯿ َﮭﺎ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﻔ ِﺮﯾ‬
b. Before the rukūʾ ‫ﻀ ﺎ َھﺎ‬ َ َ‫ﻀ َﺮﯾﱠﺔً ﻗ‬ َ ‫ﺖ َﺣ‬ ْ َ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ ﻧَﺤْ ِﻮ َﻣ ﺎ ﻓَﺎﺗ َﺘْ ﮫُ إِ ْن َﻛﺎﻧ‬ َ ‫ﻀ ﯿ َﮭﺎ‬ ِ ‫َوﯾَ ْﻘ‬
c. After the sūra َ‫ﺳ َﻮا ٌء َﻛ ﺎنَ ِﺣ ﯿﻦ‬ َ ً‫ﺳﻔَ ِﺮﯾﱠﺔ‬ َ ‫ﻀﺎ َھﺎ‬ َ َ‫ﺳﻔَ ِﺮﯾﱠﺔً ﻗ‬َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ َو ِإ ْن َﻛﺎﻧ‬،ً‫ﻀ ِﺮﯾﱠﺔ‬ َ ‫َﺣ‬
d. In the second rakʿa ْ َ
e. In the ṣubḥ prayer. It is permissible to
‫ﺎﺿ َﺮﺗ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ‬ ِ ‫ﺐ َﺑ ْﯿﻦَ اﻟ َﺤ‬ ُ ‫ َواﻟﺘ ﱠ ْﺮﺗِﯿ‬،‫ﺳ ﻔَ ٍﺮ‬ َ ‫ﻀ ﺮ أ ْو‬ َ ‫ﻀ ﺎ ُء ﻓِ ﻲ َﺣ‬ َ َ‫اﻟﻘ‬
be done after the rukūʾ ،‫ﺐ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ِﺬّ ْﻛ ِﺮ‬ ٌ ‫اﺟ‬ ِ ‫ﺎﺿ َﺮ ِة َو‬ ِ ‫ﺖ َﻣ َﻊ ْاﻟ َﺤ‬ ِ ‫ﯿﺮ ْاﻟﻔَ َﻮا ِﺋ‬ ِ ‫َو َﺑ ْﯿﻦَ َﯾ ِﺴ‬
13. Duʿā’ after the second tashah-hud. ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ أ َ ْرﺑَ ُﻊ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﻛﺎﻧ‬،‫ت ﻓَ ﺄ َ ْدﻧَﻰ‬ ٍ ‫ﺻ ﻠَ َﻮا‬ َ ‫ﯿﺮ أ َ ْرﺑَ ُﻊ‬ ُ ‫َو ْاﻟﯿَ ِﺴ‬
14. The second tashah-hud is longer than the ،‫ﺎﺿ َﺮةِ َوﻟَ ْﻮ َﺧ َﺮ َج َو ْﻗﺘ ُ َﮭ ﺎ‬ ِ ‫ﺻ ﱠﻼ َھﺎ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ْاﻟ َﺤ‬ َ ‫ت ﻓَﺄ َﻗَ ﱡﻞ‬ ٍ ‫ﺻ ﻠَ َﻮا‬ َ
first. ْ ْ
15. Turning [the head] to the right during the
‫ﻀ ﺎ ُء‬ َ َ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ اﻟﻘ‬ َ ‫ﺖ؛ َو َﻻ ﯾَﺘْﻨَﻔﱠ ُﻞ َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ٍ ‫ﻀﺎ ُء ﻓِ ﻲ ُﻛ ِّﻞ َوﻗ‬ َ َ‫ﻮز اﻟﻘ‬ ُ ‫َوﯾَ ُﺠ‬
Salām. ‫ﻮز ﻟَ ﮫُ ِإ ﱠﻻ‬ ُ ‫ﻀ ﺎنَ َو َﻻ ﯾَ ُﺠ‬ َ َ‫ﻀ َﺤﻰ َو َﻻ ﻗِﯿ‬
َ ‫ﺎم َر َﻣ‬ ‫ﺼ ِﻠﻲ اﻟ ﱡ‬ ّ َ ُ‫َو َﻻ ﯾ‬
16. Moving the index finger during the tashah- ‫ﻮف َواﻻ ْﺳﺘِ ْﺴ ﻘَﺎ ُء‬ ُ ‫ﺴ‬ ُ ‫ان َو ْاﻟ ُﺨ‬
ِ َ‫ﺸ ْﻔ ُﻊ َو ْاﻟ َﻮﺗْ ُﺮ َواﻟﻔَﺠْ ُﺮ َو ْاﻟ ِﻌﯿ ﺪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
hud. ‫ت‬ ْ ‫ﻋ ﺔً إِذَا ا ْﺳ ﺘ َ َﻮ‬ َ ‫ﺼ ﻠﱡﻮا َﺟ َﻤﺎ‬ َ ُ‫ﻀ ﺎ ُء أ َ ْن ﯾ‬ َ َ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ُﻢ اﻟﻘ‬َ ‫ﻮز ِﻟ َﻤ ْﻦ‬ ُ ‫َوﯾَ ُﺠ‬
It is makrūh to:
‫ﻋ ﺪَدًا َﻻ‬ َ ‫ﺻ ﻠﱠﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺎء‬ ِ ‫ﻀ‬ َ َ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِﻣﻦَ اﻟﻘ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺪَدَ َﻣﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُ ُﮭ ْﻢ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬ َ
.‫ﺷ ﱡﻚ‬ َ ُ‫ﯾَ ْﺒﻘَﻰ َﻣﻌَﮫ‬
1. Look around during the prayer

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

2. Close the eyes

3. Say “bismillāh (basmalah)” or “aʿūdhu billahi
min ash shayṭān ar rajīm (taʿawwudh)” during
the farḍ prayer, but it is permissible during
the nāfila
4. Stand on one foot unless the prayer is long
5. Put the feet together
6. Put a coin or something else in the mouth
‫ﺴ ْﮭ ِﻮ‬
‫ﺎب ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱡ‬
ٌ َ‫ﺑ‬
7. Placing anything distracting in one’s pocket,
sleeve or on the back ‫ﺎن ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺳ ﺠْ ﺪَﺗ‬
َ ‫ﺎن‬ ِ ‫ﺼ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻨﱠﺔٌ َﻓ ِﻠﻠﻨﱡ ْﻘ‬ ُ ‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة‬‫ﺴ ْﮭ ِﻮ ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮدُ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫َو‬
8. Thinking about matters of the world (dunyā) ِ‫ﻠﺰﯾَﺎدَة‬ ّ ِ ‫ َو ِﻟ‬،‫ﺸ ﱡﮭﺪًا آﺧ ََﺮ‬ َ َ ‫ﺸ ﱡﮭﺪَ ْﯾ ِﻦ ﯾَ ِﺰﯾﺪُ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ُھ َﻤﺎ ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ﺗ َ َﻤ ِﺎم اﻟﺘ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
9. Everything that would distract him from ُ ً
،‫ﺴ ِﻠ ُﻢ ﺗ َ ْﺴ ِﻠﯿ َﻤﺔ أ ْﺧ َﺮى‬ ّ َ ُ‫ﺸ ﱠﮭﺪُ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَھَﺎ َوﯾ‬ َ َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ﯾَﺘ‬ ‫ﺎن ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ِ َ ‫ﺳ ﺠْ ﺪَﺗ‬ َ
being in a humble state of humility in prayer.
َ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮد‬ ‫ﻰ اﻟ ﱡ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ﺺ َوزَ اد‬ َ َ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَﻘ‬
َ‫طﺎ َل أ َ ْو َﺧ َﺮ َج ِﻣ ﻦ‬ َ ‫ َو ِإ ْن‬،‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ِإ ْن َﻛﺎنَ ﻗَ ِﺮﯾﺒًﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬ َ ‫ْاﻟﻘَ ْﺒ ِﻠﻲ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ‬
Section ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ َ‫ﺼ َﻼة ُ َﻣ َﻌ ﮫُ ِإ ْن َﻛ ﺎن‬ ‫ﻄ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ َوﺗ َ ْﺒ‬.ُ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮد‬ ‫اﻟ َﻤ ْﺴ ِﺠ ِﺪ َﺑﻄ َﻞ اﻟ ﱡ‬
َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬،‫ﻄ ُﻞ‬
‫ﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﺳ ﻨَ ٍﻦ أ َ ْو أ َ ْﻛﺜ َ َﺮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ َوإِ ﱠﻻ ﻓَ َﻼ ﺗ َ ْﺒ‬ ُ ‫ث‬ ِ ‫ﺛ َ َﻼ‬
Prayer has an immense light that causes the hearts
of those who pray to radiate. None will attain it ‫ﻀﺔً ﻓَ َﻼ‬ َ ‫ﺺ ﻓَ ِﺮﯾ‬ َ َ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَﻘ‬،‫ﻋ ٍﺎم‬ َ َ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَهُ َوﻟَ ْﻮ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪ‬ َ ‫ي‬ ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮدَ ْاﻟﺒَ ْﻌ ِﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡ‬
except those who are fearful in their prayer. So, if ،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫ﻀﺎﺋِ َﻞ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ْ
َ َ‫ﺺ اﻟﻔ‬ َ َ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَﻘ‬،‫ﻋ ْﻨ َﮭﺎ‬ َ ُ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮد‬ ‫ﯾُﺠْ ِﺰﯾ ِﮫ اﻟ ﱡ‬
you come to the prayer, empty your heart of the
dunyā and what it contains. Preoccupy yourself
with your Lord the One to whom you are praying.
Believe that the prayer is submissiveness and
humbleness to Allāh  through the standing,
bowing and prostration. It is exaltation and
glorification of Allāh  through the takbīr, tasbīḥ
and dhikr. So protect your prayer, as it is the
greatest act of worship. Do not allow the devil to
play with your heart and distract you from the ‫ﺳ ﻨﱠﺘ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ ﻓَ ﺄ َ ْﻛﺜ َﺮ؛ َوأ َ ﱠﻣ ﺎ‬ ّ ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮدُ ْاﻟﻘَ ْﺒ ِﻠ‬
ُ ‫ﻲ ِ إِ ﱠﻻ ِﻟﺘ َ ْﺮ ِك‬ ‫ﻮن اﻟ ﱡ‬ ُ ‫َو َﻻ ﯾَ ُﻜ‬
prayer to the point that your heart is blind and you ‫ﺳ ﱠﺮ ﻓِﻲ‬ َ َ ‫ ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ أ‬،‫ﺴ ﱠﺮ َو ْاﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ َﺮ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮدَ ﻟَ َﮭﺎ إِ ﱠﻻ اﻟ‬ ُ ‫اﺣﺪَة ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ِ ‫ﺴﻨﱠﺔُ ْاﻟ َﻮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡ‬
are prevented from experiencing the pleasures of َ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺴ ِ ّﺮ‬ ّ ِ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﺟ َﮭ َﺮ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬َ ‫ْاﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ ِﺮ‬
the lights of the prayer. You must maintain khushūʾ
(submissiveness) during the prayer, as the prayer
‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
prevents foul and evil acts because of that
submissiveness. Seek assistance from Allāh  and
He is the Best Assister. ‫ﺳ ﻠﱠ َﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ َﻜﻠﱠ َﻢ‬
ً‫ﺼ َﻼةِ َر ْﻛ َﻌﺔ‬ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ زَ ادَ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ‬ َ ‫َر ْﻛ َﻌﺘَﯿ ِْﻦ‬
Section
‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ِﻣﺜْﻠَ َﮭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم َو َﻣ ْﻦ زَ ادَ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫أ َ ْو َر ْﻛ َﻌﺘ َ ﯿ ِْﻦ‬
The obligatory prayer has seven ordered ways that ‫ﺸ ﱡﻚ‬ ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ َواﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ أَﺗ َﻰ ِﺑ َﻤﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﻲ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ِل‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬،‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬َ ‫َﺑ‬
it can be performed. It is obligatory to keep four of ‫ﺳ ﺠْ ﺪَةٍ أَﺗ َ ﻰ ﺑِ َﮭ ﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﻲ َر ْﻛﻌَ ٍﺔ أ َ ْو‬ َ ‫ ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ‬،‫ﺎن َﻛﺘ َ َﺤﻘﱡ ِﻘ ِﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﺼ‬َ ‫ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﻘ‬
them in order and recommended to keep three in ‫ﺳ ﻠﱠ َﻢ إِ ْن َﻛ ﺎنَ ﻗَ ِﺮﯾﺒً ﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ َوإِ ْن‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َو‬
order.
ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬ َ َ َ
ْ ‫ َو ِإ ْن طﺎ َل ﺑَﻄﻠ‬،‫ﻋﻠ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫َو َﻻ‬
1. Standing without leaning on anything

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2. Standing while leaning on something

3. Sitting without leaning on anything
4. Sitting while leaning on something

It is obligatory to maintain order between these

four. If one is able to pray in one way and prays in a
subsequent way, then his prayer is invalid. The
‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻻ ﯾَﺄْﺗِﻲ ِﺑ َﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺳﺔَ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ ْﻠ ِﺒ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫س ﯾَﺘْ ُﺮكُ ْاﻟ َﻮ ْﺳ َﻮ‬ ُ ‫َو ْاﻟ ُﻤ َﻮ ْﺳ َﻮ‬
three that are recommended to keep in order for
the one who is unable to pray in one of the four ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِ ﻲ ِز َﯾ ﺎدَةٍ أ َ ْو‬ َ ‫ﺳ َﻮا ٌء‬ َ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ َوﻟَ ِﻜ ْﻦ َﯾ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪُ َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬،‫ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ‬
aforementioned fashions prays are to pray: ُ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َوﻟَ ِﻜﻨﱠ ﮫُ ﯾُ ْﻜ َﺮه‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫ت ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ِ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﺟ َﮭ َﺮ ِﻓﻲ ْاﻟﻘُﻨُﻮ‬،‫ﺎن‬ ٍ ‫ﺼ‬ َ ‫ﻧُ ْﻘ‬
َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫ﯿﺮﺗ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛﻌَﺘ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ اﻷ َ ِﺧ‬ ‫ﻮرة َ ﻓِﻲ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ زَ ادَ اﻟ ﱡ‬،ُ‫ﻋ ْﻤﺪُه‬ َ
5. On the right side ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺳ ﻠ َﻢ َو ُھ َﻮ‬ َ
َ ‫ﻋﻠ ْﯿ ِﮫ َوآ ِﻟ ِﮫ َو‬ َ ُ ‫ﺻﻠ ﻰ ﷲ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ
َ ‫ﺳ ِﻤ َﻊ ِذﻛ َﺮ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬،‫ﻋﻠ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ َ
6. On the left side
‫ﺳ ﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ‬ َ َ‫ ِﺳ َﻮا ٌء َﻛ ﺎن‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ﻓَ َﻼ‬َ ‫ﺼﻠ ﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ﻓ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬
7. On one’s back
‫ﻮرﺗ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ ﻓَ ﺄ َ ْﻛﺜ َ َﺮ ﻓِ ﻲ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬ ُ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻗَ َﺮأ‬.‫ﺴ ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺎﻣ ﺪًا أ َ ْو ﻗَﺎﺋِ ًﻤ ﺎ أ َ ْو َﺟﺎ ِﻟ‬ َ ‫أ َ ْو‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
If one does not maintain the order between these ‫ أ َ ْو َر َﻛ َﻊ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ‬،‫ﻮر ٍة‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬ ُ ‫ﻮر ٍة ِإﻟَ ﻰ‬َ ‫ﺳ‬ ُ ‫اﺣ ﺪَ ٍة أ َ ْو َﺧ َﺮ َج ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ِ ‫َر ْﻛ َﻌ ٍﺔ َو‬
three, his prayer is valid. The leaning that would ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ﻓِﻲ َﺟ ِﻤﯿﻊِ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ‬ َ ‫ﻮرةِ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ‫ﺗ َ َﻤ ِﺎم اﻟ ﱡ‬
invalidate the prayer (for the one who can do
َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬
without it) is that which would cause a person to fall
if that thing were to fall. If a person would not fall
with the falling of what he was leaning on then it is
makrūh. As for a nāfila prayer, it is permissible for
the one who can stand to pray sitting down, but he
gets only half of the reward of the one who stands. ،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ ﺑِﯿَ ِﺪ ِه أ َ ْو َرأْ ِﺳ ِﮫ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ َ ‫َﺎر ﻓِ ﻲ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ أَﺷ‬
It is permissible to enter the prayer sitting and then ‫ﺎﻣ ﺪًا‬ِ ‫ﻋ‬ َ َ‫ َوإِ ْن َﻛ ﺎن‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ‬ َ َ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ ﱠﺮ َر ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤﺔ‬
stand thereafter or to enter it standing and then to ‫ﻮرة َ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ ا ْﻧ ِﺤﻨَﺎﺋِ ِﮫ ِإﻟَ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ﱡ‬،‫ﻄ َﻼ ُن‬ ْ ُ‫ﺎﻟﻈ ﺎ ِھ ُﺮ ْاﻟ ﺒ‬
‫ﻓَ ﱠ‬
sit thereafter. But if he entered the prayer with the ‫ﺴ ﱠﺮ أ َ ْو ْاﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ َﺮ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ‬
ّ ِ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ اﻟ‬،‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ ﻓَ َﻼ َﯾ ْﺮ ِﺟ ُﻊ ِإﻟَ ْﯿ َﮭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
intention to perform it standing, in which case it
would be prohibited for him to sit afterwards. ‫ﻮر ِة َوﺣْ ﺪَ َھﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن َﻛ ﺎنَ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ ِﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﱡ‬،َ ‫ﻋ ﺎدَ ْاﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا َءة‬ َ َ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ أ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
َ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪ‬ َ ‫ﻋﺎدَ َھﺎ َو‬ َ َ ْ َ ْ
َ ‫ َوإِن ﻛﺎنَ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻔﺎﺗِ َﺤ ِﺔ أ‬،‫ﻋﻠ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ َ
ُ ‫ﻋﺎدَ َھﺎ َوﻻ‬ َ َ‫أ‬
Section ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ِﻟﺘ َ ْﺮ ِك ْاﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ ِﺮ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ‬ َ ِ‫ﺎﻟﺮ ُﻛﻮع‬ ‫ﺎت ﺑِ ﱡ‬ َ َ‫ َوإِ ْن ﻓ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬
َ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ِﺳ َﻮا ٌء َﻛ ﺎنَ ِﻣ ﻦَ ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤ ِﺔ أ ْو‬ ‫ﺴ ِ ّﺮ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم َو ِﻟﺘ َ ْﺮ ِك اﻟ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
It is obligatory to make up any prayers that one
owes, and it is not permissible to be careless in that.
‫ﻮرةِ َوﺣْ ﺪَ َھﺎ‬َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡ‬
Whoever makes up everyday five day’s worth of
missed prayers is not a careless person. He must
make them up in the order that he missed them. If
the prayer was a traveler’s prayer, then he makes it
up as a traveler’s prayer, regardless of whether he
was a resident or a traveler when he was making up
the prayer. Maintaining the order between the two
present prayers and between a small amount of
prayers is obligatory, if one remembers. A small
amount of prayers is four. If a person owes four or
‫ﺳ ﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ أ َ ْو‬
َ َ‫ﺳ َﻮا ٌء َﻛ ﺎن‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ َ َ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ﺑ‬
ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬ ‫ﺿ ِﺤ َﻚ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬
less prayers, he must pray it before the present ‫ َو ْاﻟ ُﻤﺆْ ِﻣ ُﻦ‬،‫ﺐ‬
ٌ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﻏَﺎﻓِ ٌﻞ ُﻣﺘ َ َﻼ ِﻋ‬
َ ‫ﻀ َﺤﻚُ ﻓِﻲ‬ ْ َ‫ َو َﻻ ﯾ‬،‫ﺎﻣﺪًا‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬َ
prayer, even if the time were to go out. It is ُ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎﻧَﮫ‬ ُ ِ‫ﻋ ْﻦ ُﻛ ِّﻞ َﻣ ﺎ ِﺳ َﻮى ﷲ‬ ْ َ
َ ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ أ ْﻋ َﺮ‬
َ ‫ض ِﺑﻘَﻠ ِﺒ ِﮫ‬ َ َ‫ِإذَا ﻗ‬
‫ﺎم ِﻟﻠ ﱠ‬
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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

permissible to make up prayers at any time. One ُ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎﻧَﮫ‬ ُ ِ‫ﻀ َﺮ ِﺑﻘَ ْﻠ ِﺒ ِﮫ َﺟ َﻼ َل ﷲ‬ ِ ْ‫ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﯾَﺤ‬،‫َوﺗ َ َﺮ َك اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧﯿَﺎ َو َﻣﺎ ﻓِﯿ َﮭﺎ‬
who owes Qada for prayers is not to offer nafila
prayers. Thus, he is not to pray salatul duha or the
‫ﺴ ﮫُ ِﻣ ْﻦ َھ ْﯿ َﺒ ِﺔ ﷲِ َﺟ ﱠﻞ‬ ُ ‫ﺐ ﻧَ ْﻔ‬ ُ ‫ َو َﯾ ْﺮﺗ َ ِﻌ ﺪُ ﻗَ ْﻠﺒُ ﮫُ َوﺗ َ ْﺮ َھ‬،ُ‫ﻈ َﻤﺘ َ ﮫ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬َ ‫َو‬
nightly Ramadan prayers (tarawīh). The only thing ،‫ﺴ ِﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِﻓ ﻲ اﻟﺘ ﱠ َﺒ ﱡ‬َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼة ُ اﻟ ُﻤﺘ ﱠ ِﻘ ﯿﻦَ َو َﻻ‬ َ ‫ ﻓَ َﮭ ِﺬ ِه‬،ُ‫َﺟ َﻼﻟُ ﮫ‬
that is permissible for him is shafiʾ and witr, fajr, the ‫ث‬ ٍ ّ‫ﺖ ِﻟ ُﻤﺘ َ َﺤ ِﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ أ َ ْﻧ‬،‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ُﻣ ْﻐﺘ َﻔَ ٌﺮ‬ ‫َوﺑُ َﻜ ﺎ ُء ْاﻟ َﺨﺎ ِﺷ ﻊِ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬
two ʿĪds, khusūf (the solar eclipse prayer) and istisqā’ ،‫ﻮس‬ ِ ُ‫ﺎم ِﻣ ْﻦ َر ْﻛﻌَﺘ َ ﯿ ِْﻦ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬ َ َ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻗ‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﯿﻼ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ً ‫ﻗَ ِﻠ‬
(the drought prayer). It is permissible for a group
that owes the same prayer to pray in congregation if
‫ض ِﺑﯿَﺪَ ْﯾ ِﮫ َو ُر ْﻛﺒَﺘ َ ْﯿ ِﮫ َر َﺟ َﻊ ِإﻟَ ﻰ‬َ ‫ﺎرقَ ْاﻷ َ ْر‬ ِ َ‫ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن ﺗ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ أ َ ْن ﯾُﻔ‬
it is exactly the same prayer. If a person forgets ‫ﺎرﻗَ َﮭ ﺎ ﺗ َ َﻤ ﺎدَى َوﻟَ ْﻢ َﯾ ْﺮ ِﺟ ْﻊ‬ َ َ‫ َو ِإ ْن ﻓ‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬
َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫ﻮس َو َﻻ‬ ِ ُ‫اﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬
how many prayers are owed, he prays an amount ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َو‬
that leaves no doubt.

Chapter on Sahw

The prostration of sahw in the prayer is a sunna. For ‫ﺎﻣ ﺪًا‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬َ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ أ َ ْو‬َ ‫ﺎرﻗَ ِﺔ َو َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪَ ْاﻟ ِﻘ َﯿ ِﺎم‬
َ َ‫َو ِإ ْن َر َﺟ َﻊ َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪَ ْاﻟ ُﻤﻔ‬
subtracting something from the prayer, one makes
two prostrations (qablī) before the final salām and
‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ‬َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَﻔَ َﺦ ﻓِ ﻲ‬.‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫُ َو‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ ‫ﺻ ﱠﺤ‬ َ
after the completion of the two tashah-huds. He
ُ
.ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ َ َ
ْ ‫ﺎﻣ ﺪًا ﺑَﻄﻠ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬ َ َ‫ َوإِ ْن َﻛ ﺎن‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺳ ﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ‬ َ
then makes another tasahah-hud and another salām. ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ْ
َ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ ﻓَ َﻼ ﯾَ ْﺸﺘ َ ِﻐ ُﻞ ِﺑﺎﻟ َﺤ ْﻤ ِﺪ َو َﻻ ﯾَ ُﺮدﱡ‬ َ ‫ﺲ ﻓِﻲ‬ َ ‫ﻄ‬ َ ‫ﻋ‬َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬
For an addition, two prostrations after the salām ،‫ﺴﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺎط‬ِ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ُ‫ﺸ ِ ّﻤﺖ‬َ ُ‫ِﺷ ﱠﻤﺘ َﮫُ َو َﻻ ﯾ‬
(baʾdī) are made, then another tashah-hud and salām.
If one subtracts from and adds to the prayer, he
should prostrates before the Salām.

If one forgets the qablī and says the salām, he should ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬
‫ب ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َﺜ َ ﺎ َء‬.‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬
َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن َﺣ ِﻤ ﺪَ ﷲَ ﻓَ َﻼ‬
prostrate, if a long time has not passed. If a long
time has passed or he left the masjid, the prostration ٍ‫ﻏﯿ ِْﺮ ِإ ْﺧ َﺮاجِ ُﺣ ُﺮوف‬ َ ‫ﺚ ِإ ﱠﻻ ِﻓﻲ ﺛ َ ْﻮ ِﺑ ِﮫ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬
ُ ُ‫ َو َﻻ َﯾ ْﻨﻔ‬،ُ‫ﺳﺪﱠ ﻓَﺎه‬
َ
is invalid. [In the case of leaving the qabli] the
prayer is invalid if three or more sunnas were
missed, but not if it was less than that. If one forgets ،‫ﯿﻼ‬ ً ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ ﻗَ ِﻠ‬ َ ‫ث أ َ ْو ﻧَ َﺠﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺳ ٍﺔ ﻓَﺘ َﻔَ ﱠﻜ َﺮ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ ٍ َ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﻲ َﺣﺪ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬
the baʾdī, he must prostrate it even if a year had ْ ‫ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ ﺗ َ َﯿﻘﱠﻦَ ﱠ‬
passed. If one misses an obligation from the prayer, ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ َو َﻣ ِﻦ اﻟﺘ َﻔ‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﺎرة َ ﻓَ َﻼ‬َ ‫اﻟﻄ َﮭ‬
then a prostration is not sufficient. If one forgets a ‫ َو ِإ ِن ا ْﺳ ﺘ َ ْﺪ َﺑ َﺮ‬،ٌ‫ َو ِإ ْن ﺗ َ َﻌ ﱠﻤ ﺪَ ﻓَ ُﮭ َﻮ َﻣ ْﻜ ُﺮوه‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬
َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ َ
recommended act of the prayer, then there is no َ‫ﺳ َﺮق‬ َ
َ ‫ﺐ أ ْو‬ َ َ
ٍ ‫ﺻ ﻠﻰ ﺑِ َﺤ ِﺮﯾ ٍﺮ أ ْو ذ َھ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ْ
َ ‫ َو َﻣ ﻦ‬.َ ‫ﺼ ﻼة‬ َ ‫ْاﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒﻠﺔ ﻗﻄ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠ‬
َ َ َ َ
prostration. ،‫ﺻ ِﺤﯿ َﺤﺔ‬ َ ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺎص َو‬ ٍ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫ﻈ َﺮ ُﻣ َﺤ ﱠﺮ ًﻣﺎ ﻓَ ُﮭ َﻮ‬ َ َ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ أ َ ْو ﻧ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬
َ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ َ ‫آن‬ ِ ‫ﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ اﻟﻘُ ْﺮ‬ َ ‫ﻏ ِﻠ ﻂ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا َءةِ ِﺑ َﻜ ِﻠ َﻤ ٍﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ َ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬
The qablī is performed due to missing two or more ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِإ ﱠﻻ ﯾَﺘ َﻐَﯿﱠ َﺮ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫آن ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ِ ‫ﺖ ِﻣ ﻦَ اﻟﻘُ ْﺮ‬ ْ َ‫ َو ِإ ْن َﻛﺎﻧ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
sunnas. As for one sunna, there is no prostration .‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬‫ﺴﺪَ اﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ﻓَ َﯿ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪَ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﻆ أ َ ْو َﯾ ْﻔ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻠﱠ ْﻔ‬
needed unless it was the silent or audible
recitations. So, whoever recites silently in an
audible prayer should prostrate before the salām.
Whoever recites audibly in a silent prayer should
prostrate after the salām.

Page | 30 TAYBA FOUNDATION- ISLAMIC EDUCATION CORRESPONDENCE PROGRAM

 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

ُ‫ َو ِإ ْن ﺛ َﻘُ َﻞ ﻧَ ْﻮ ُﻣ ﮫ‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫ﺼ َﻼةِ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ‫ﺲ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ َﻌ‬
‫ﯾﺾ ُﻣ ْﻐﺘ َﻔَ ٌﺮ َواﻟﺘ ﱠﻨَﺤْ ﻨُ ُﺢ‬ ِ ‫ﯿﻦ ْاﻟ َﻤ ِﺮ‬ ُ ِ‫ َوأ َﻧ‬،‫ﺿ ﻮ َء‬ ُ ‫ﺼ َﻼة َ َو ْاﻟ ُﻮ‬ ‫ﻋ ﺎدَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ َ‫أ‬
Whoever speaks out of forgetfulness must prostrate ،‫ﺼ َﻼة ُ ِﺑ ِﮫ‬ ‫ﻄ ُﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ُ ‫ﻺ ْﻓ َﮭ ِﺎم ُﻣ ْﻨ َﻜ ٌﺮ َو َﻻ ﺗ َ ْﺒ‬ ِ ‫ َو ِﻟ‬،‫ور ِة ُﻣ ْﻐﺘ َﻔَ ٌﺮ‬َ ‫ﻀ ُﺮ‬ ‫ِﻟﻠ ﱠ‬
after the Salām. If one says Salām forgetingly after .ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ ‫ﺻ ﱠﺤ‬ َ ‫ﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎنَ ﷲِ ُﻛ ِﺮهَ َو‬ ُ :ُ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَﺎدَاهُ أ َ َﺣ ﺪٌ ﻓَﻘَ ﺎ َل ﻟَ ﮫ‬
two rakʿas, he should prostrate after the Salām. If َ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ أ َ َﺣ ﺪٌ ﺗ َ َﺮ َك ﺗِ ْﻠ َﻚ اﻵﯾَ ﺔ‬ َ ْ‫ﻒ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا َءةِ َوﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَ ْﻔ ﺘ َﺢ‬ َ َ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ َوﻗ‬
one adds one or two rakʿas to the prayer, he should ْ ‫ ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن ﺗ َ َﻌﺬ َر‬،‫َوﻗَ َﺮأ َ َﻣﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَھَﺎ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ َر َﻛ َﻊ‬
َ ‫ت‬
prostrate after the Salām. If one adds the same
amount to the prayer, then it is invalid. Whoever
has doubt about something in his prayer must
perform it. Doubt in prayer is like certainty. So,
whoever doubts about performing a rakʿa or sajda
must perform it and prostrate after the Salām. If
one doubts about saying the Salām, he must say the ‫ﺼ َﺤﻔَﺎ ً ﺑَ ْﯿﻦَ ﯾَﺪَ ْﯾ ِﮫ ِإ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن ﯾَ ُﻜ ﻮنَ ﻓِ ﻲ ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤ ِﺔ‬ ْ ‫ﻈ ُﺮ ُﻣ‬ ُ ‫َو َﻻ ﯾَ ْﻨ‬
Salām if it was nearby and there is no prostration. If َ ‫ﺼ َﺤﻒٍ أ َ ْو‬
ً‫ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن ﺗ َ َﺮ َك ِﻣ ْﻨ َﮭ ﺎ آ َﯾ ﺔ‬،‫ﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ ِه‬ ْ ‫ﻓَ َﻼ ﺑُ ﺪﱠ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ِﻟ َﮭ ﺎ ِﺑ ُﻤ‬
a long time has passed, then the prayer is invalid. ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻓَ ﺘ َ َﺢ‬،ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬ َ ‫ َو ِإ ْن َﻛ ﺎنَ أ َ ْﻛﺜ َ َﺮ َﺑ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ
ْ‫ﺎﻣ ِﮫ إِ ﱠﻻ أَن‬ َ
ِ ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ إِ َﻣ‬ َ ْ َ
َ ‫ َوﻻ ﯾَﻔﺘ ُﺢ‬،ُ‫ﺻﻼﺗﮫ‬ ُ َ ْ َ
َ ‫ﺎﻣ ِﮫ ﺑَﻄﻠﺖ‬َ ِ ‫ﻏﯿ ِْﺮ إِ َﻣ‬َ ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ َ َ
ْ ْ َ ْ ْ
‫ﯾَ ْﻨﺘ َ ِﻈ َﺮ اﻟﻔَﺘ َﺢ أ ْو ﯾُﻔ ِﺴﺪَ اﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ‬

The muwaswis (one with constant doubt) must

remove the waswasa (whisperings) from his heart
and not perform what he has doubts about. But he ‫ﺺ ﺛ َ َﻮاﺑُ ﮫُ َوﻟَ ْﻢ‬
َ َ‫ﻮر اﻟ ﺪﱡ ْﻧﯿَﺎ ﻧَﻘ‬ ِ ‫ﯿﻼ ﻓِﻲ أ ُ ُﻣ‬ ً ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﺟﺎ َل ﻓِ ْﻜ ُﺮهُ ﻗَ ِﻠ‬
prostrates after the Salām whether he doubted ‫ﻖ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَﻰ‬
ِّ ‫ﺷ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪ‬َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ دَﻓَ َﻊ ْاﻟ َﻤﺎ ِﺷﻲ ﺑَﯿﻦَ ﯾَﺪَ ْﯾ ِﮫ أ َ ْو‬،ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﻄ ْﻞ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ َ ْﺒ‬
about an addition or subtraction. If a person recites ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫طﯿﱠﺘ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﻋ َﻤﺎ َﻣﺘِ ِﮫ ﻓَ َﻼ‬َ ‫طﯿﱠ ٍﺔ أ َ ْو‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪ‬ َ ‫َﺟ ْﺒ َﮭﺘِ ِﮫ أ َ ْو‬
the qunūt audibly, there is no prostration required ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬
َ
but it is disliked to do that intentionally. If a person
adds a sūra in the last two rakʿas, there is no
prostration owed. If one hears the name of
Muhāmmad  during the prayer and sends prayers
upon him, he owes nothing. This is whether he did
it out of forgetfulness, or intentionally, while
standing or sitting. Nothing is owed if one:
‫ﺳ ْﮭ ُﻮ‬ ‫ﻏﻠَ َﺒ ِﺔ ْاﻟﻘَ ْﻰ ِء َو ْاﻟﻘَﻠَ ِﺲ ِﻓ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ‬
َ ‫ َو‬،‫ﺼ َﻼ ِة‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء ِﻓﻲ‬ َ ‫َو َﻻ‬
1. recites two or more sūras in one rakʿa َ ‫ﺺ ْاﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬
‫ﻀ ِﺔ‬ ِ ‫اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن ﯾَ ُﻜﻮنَ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ْﻘ‬ ِ ‫ْاﻟ َﻤﺄ ْ ُﻣ‬
ِ ُ‫ﻮم ﯾَﺤْ ِﻤﻠُﮫ‬
2. began one sūra and then went to another
sūra
3. bowed before completing the sūra.
‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ َو ُھ َﻮ‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ ﱡ‬ ِ ‫ﺲ أ َ ْو ُز‬
َ ‫وﺣ َﻢ‬ َ ‫ﺳ َﮭﺎ ْاﻟ َﻤﺄ ْ ُﻣﻮ ُم أ َ ْو ﻧَ َﻌ‬
َ ‫َو ِإذَا‬
If during the prayer one motions with his hand or َ‫اﻹ َﻣ ِﺎم ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ َر ْﻓ ِﻌ ِﮫ ِﻣ ﻦ‬ِ ‫اك‬ ِ ‫ط ِﻤ َﻊ ﻓِ ﻲ ِإ ْد َر‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن‬،‫ﻏ ْﯿ ِﺮ اﻷ ُوﻟَﻰ‬ َ ‫ﻓِﻲ‬
head, nothing is owed. If one repeats the fātiḥa out َ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮ‬
‫ع‬ ‫ﻄ َﻤ ْﻊ ﺗ َ َﺮ َك ﱡ‬ ْ َ‫ َوإِ ْن ﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾ‬،ُ‫ﺴ ﺠْ ﺪَةِ اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﯿَ ِﺔ َر َﻛ َﻊ َوﻟَ ِﺤﻘَ ﮫ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
of forgetfulness, he prostrates after the Salām. If it َ ً ْ َ
was done intentionally, then what is apparent is
.‫ﺎﻣ ِﮫ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ ﻼم إِ َﻣ‬ َ َ‫ﺿ ِﻌ َﮭﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ ِ ‫ﻀ ﻰ َرﻛﻌَ ﺔ ﻓِ ﻲ َﻣ ْﻮ‬ َ ‫َوﺗ َﺒِ َﻊ إِ َﻣﺎ َﻣ ﮫُ َوﻗ‬
that the prayer is invalid. Whoever remembers the َ
‫اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم ِإﻟﻰ‬ ِ ‫ﺎم‬ َ َ‫ﺲ َﺣﺘﻰ ﻗ‬‫ﱠ‬ َ
َ َ‫وﺣ َﻢ أ ْو ﻧَﻌ‬ َ
ِ ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد أ ْو ُز‬ ‫ﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱡ‬ َ ‫ﺳ َﮭﺎ‬ َ ‫َو ِإ ْن‬
َ
َ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ أ ْن‬ ُ
َ ‫َر ْﻛ َﻌ ٍﺔ أ ْﺧ َﺮى‬
sūra after bowing in the rukūʾ must not return to ِ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮع‬ ‫اﻹ َﻣ ِﺎم ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ ﱡ‬ ِ ‫اك‬ ِ ‫ط ِﻤ َﻊ ﻓِ ﻲ ِإ ْد َر‬
Page | 31 TAYBA FOUNDATION- ISLAMIC EDUCATION CORRESPONDENCE PROGRAM
 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

recite it. If one remembers the silent or audible ‫ﺚ‬ ً ‫ﻀ ﻰ َر ْﻛ َﻌ ﺔً أ ُ ْﺧ َﺮى أ َ ْﯾ‬
ُ ‫ َو َﺣ ْﯿ‬،‫ﻀ ﺎ‬ َ َ‫ﺎم َوﻗ‬
َ ‫اﻹ َﻣ‬ِ ‫َو ِإ ﱠﻻ ﺗ َ َﺮ َﻛﮫُ َوﺗ َ ِﺒ َﻊ‬
recitations before the rukūʾ, he repeats the
recitation. If that was only in the sūra, then he
‫ﺷ ﺎﻛﺎ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ َ َ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ِإ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن َﯾ ُﻜ ﻮن‬َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ُ ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛ َﻌ ﺔَ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ‫ﻀﻰ ﱠ‬ َ َ‫ﻗ‬
repeats the sūra and there is no prostration owed. If ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛﻮعِ أ َ ِو اﻟ ﱡ‬
‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد‬ ‫ﱡ‬
that was in the fātiḥa, then he repeats it and
prostrates after the salām. If he loses the
opputunity to repeat it, because he went into rukūʾ,
then he would prostrate:

1. before the Salām for leaving the audible

recitation
2. after the Salām for leaving the silent ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن‬
َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ب أ َ ْو َﺣﯿﱠﺔٌ ﻓَﻘَﺘ َﻠَ َﮭﺎ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ ٌ ‫ﻋ ْﻘ َﺮ‬ َ ُ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﺟﺎ َءﺗْﮫ‬
recitation
‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ َھ ْﻞ ُھ َﻮ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬.‫ﻄ ُﻊ‬ َ ‫ﻄﻮ َل ﻓَ ْﻌﻠُﮫُ أ َ ْو ﯾَ ْﺴﺘ َ ْﺪ ِﺑ َﺮ ْاﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒﻠَﺔَ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠﮫُ ﯾَ ْﻘ‬ ُ َ‫ﯾ‬
The above would be the ruling whether it was Fatiha َ‫ﺠﺪَ َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ َ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﺸ ْﻔﻊِ َو‬‫ﺸ ْﻔﻊِ َﺟ َﻌﻠَ َﮭ ﺎ ﺛ َﺎﻧِ َﯿ ﺔَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ ْاﻟ ِﻮﺗْ ِﺮ أ َ ْو ﻓِﻲ ﺛ َﺎﻧِ َﯿ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠ‬
or the Sura alone. ‫ﺳ ﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ َ ‫ﺸ ْﻔﻊِ َو ْاﻟ َﻮﺗْ ِﺮ‬ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ َﻜﻠﱠ َﻢ َﺑ ْﯿﻦَ اﻟ ﱠ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ أ َ ْوﺗ َ َﺮ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
ُ ُ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ؛ َو ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺴﺒ‬
‫ﻮق‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ ‫ﺎﻣﺪًا ُﻛ ِﺮهَ َو َﻻ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬ َ َ‫ َوإِ ْن َﻛﺎن‬،‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲ َء‬ َ
ْ
‫اﻹ َﻣ ِﺎم أﻗَ ﱠﻞ ِﻣ ْﻦ َرﻛﻌَ ٍﺔ ﻓَ َﻼ ﯾَ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪُ َﻣﻌَﮫُ َﻻ ﻗَ ْﺒ ِﻠﯿﺎ َو َﻻ‬ َ َ
ِ ‫إِ ْن أ ْد َر َك َﻣ َﻊ‬
Whoever laughs in the prayer invalidates it
whether it was intentional or out of forgetfulness. ً ‫ﺎﻣﻠَ ﺔ‬ ً َ
ِ ‫ َو ِإ ْن أ ْد َر َك َر ْﻛ َﻌ ﺔ َﻛ‬،ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ َﻣ َﻌﮫُ ﺑ‬ َ ‫ﺑَ ْﻌ ِﺪﯾﺎ ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن‬
No one laughs in his prayer except a heedless fool. ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ َﮫ‬ َ ‫ي َﺣﺘ ﱠ ﻰ ﯾُ ﺘِ ﱠﻢ‬ ْ َ
ّ ‫ﻰ َوأ ﱠﺧ َﺮ اﻟ َﺒ ْﻌ ِﺪ‬ ْ
ّ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ َﻣ َﻌ ﮫُ اﻟﻘَ ْﺒ ِﻠ‬ َ ‫أ َ ْو أ َ ْﻛﺜ َ َﺮ‬
If the believer stands for prayer, he removes from ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺎﻣﺪًا َﺑ‬
ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬
his heart everything other than Allāh . He leaves
َ ‫ﺖ‬ ِ ‫ﻋ‬ َ ‫اﻹ َﻣ ِﺎم‬ ِ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ َﻣ َﻊ‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﺈ ِ ْن‬،‫ﺳ َﻼ ِﻣ ِﮫ‬ َ َ‫ﻓَ َﯿ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪَ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ‬
the dunyā and what is in it until he has in his heart ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺳﺎ ِھﯿًﺎ‬ َ َ‫َوإِ ْن َﻛﺎن‬
the grandness and exaltation of Allāh . And his
heart shakes, his soul is frightened from the Awe of
Allah (Exalted is His Grandness). This is the prayer
of those with taqwā. There is nothing owed due to
smiling. The weeping in prayer of a humble person
is forgiven. Whoever listens a short while to
someone speaking does not owe anything. If one ‫ﺼ ِﻠّﻰ‬ َ ‫اﻹ َﻣ ِﺎم ﻓَ ُﮭ َﻮ َﻛ ْﺎﻟ ُﻤ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ َﻼ ِم‬ َ َ‫ﻮق ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ُ ُ‫ﺳ َﮭﺎ ْاﻟ َﻤ ْﺴ ﺒ‬ َ ‫َوإِ ْن‬
stands up before sitting, then if: ‫ﺎﻣ ﮫ‬ ِ ‫ي ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺟ َﮭ ِﺔ ِإ َﻣ‬ ٌ ‫ق ﺑَ ْﻌ ِﺪ‬ ْ
ِ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ اﻟ َﻤ ْﺴ ﺒُﻮ‬ َ ‫ﺐ‬ َ ‫ َو ِإذَا ﺗ َ َﺮﺗ ﱠ‬،ُ‫َوﺣْ ﺪَه‬
َ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮ‬
‫ع‬ ‫ﻲ ﱡ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬.‫ﻰ‬ ْ َ
‫ﻲ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺟ َﮭ ِﺔ ﻧَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﮫ أﺟْ ﺰَ أهُ اﻟﻘَ ْﺒ ِﻠ ﱡ‬ ٌ ‫َوﻗَ ْﺒﻠ‬
1. he remembered before his hands and knees
have left the ground, he returns and owes no ‫ﺷ ْﯿﺌًﺎ‬ َ َ‫ َوﯾُ ْﺴ ﺘ َ َﺤﺐﱡ ﻟَ ﮫُ أ َ ْن ﯾُ ِﻌﯿ ﺪ‬،‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد َر َﺟ َﻊ ﻗَﺎ ِﺋ ًﻤ ﺎ‬ ‫َوﺗ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮهُ ِﻓﻲ اﻟ ﱡ‬
prostration ً ‫ﺳ ﺠْ ﺪَة‬ َ ‫ﻰ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬.‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ِﻣﻦَ ْاﻟ ِﻘ َﺮا َءةِ ﺛ ُ ﱠﻢ ﯾَ ْﺮ َﻛ ُﻊ َوﯾَ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬
2. he has left the ground then he continues, ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ َھﺎ إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن‬ َ ‫ﺴ ﺎ َو‬ ً ‫ﺎﻣ ِﮫ َر َﺟ َﻊ َﺟﺎ ِﻟ‬ ِ َ‫اﺣ ﺪَة ً َوﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ َھﺎ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ ﻗِﯿ‬ ِ ‫َو‬
does not return, and then prostrates before ُ ْ
the salām.
‫ﻰ‬َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬،‫ﻮس‬ َ ‫ﺲ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ِﻘﯿَ ِﺎم ﻓَ َﻼ ﯾُ ِﻌﯿ ﺪُ اﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬ َ َ‫ﯾَ ُﻜ ﻮنَ ﻗَ ْﺪ َﺟﻠ‬
َ‫ﺲ َوﯾَ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪُ ﻓِ ﻲ َﺟ ِﻤﯿ ﻊِ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪ‬ ْ ‫ﺎﺟﺪًا َوﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَﺠْ ِﻠ‬ِ ‫ﺳ‬ َ ‫ﺳﺠْ ﺪَﺗ َ ْﯿ ِﻦ َﺧ ﱠﺮ‬ َ
If one returns to the ground after separating from it ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬‫اﻟ ﱠ‬
and standing up, whether unintentional or
intentional, his prayer is sound and he prostrates
after the prayer. Whoever blows air out of
forgetfulness during the prayer prostrates after the
salām. If that was done intentionally then his prayer ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮدَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ َر ْﻓ ﻊِ َرأْ ِﺳ ِﮫ ِﻣ ﻦَ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛ َﻌ ِﺔ اﻟﱠﺘِ ﻲ‬ ‫َو ِإ ْن ﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ اﻟ ﱡ‬
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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

is invalid. If one sneezes during the prayer, he ‫ﺴ ْﮭ ِﻮ‬‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ َوﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَ ْﺮ ِﺟ ْﻊ َوأ َ ْﻟﻐَ ﻰ َر ْﻛ َﻌ ﺔَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﻋﻠَ ﻰ‬ َ ‫ﺗ َ ِﻠﯿ َﮭ ﺎ ﺗ َ َﻤ ﺎدَى‬
should not:
‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ِإ ْن َﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﺿ ِﻌ َﮭﺎ َﺑﺎﻧِﯿً ﺎ َو‬ ِ ‫َوزَ ادَ َر ْﻛ َﻌﺔً ﻓِﻲ َﻣ ْﻮ‬
1. concern himself with saying al-ḥamdullilāh ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ِإ ْن ﻟَ ْﻢ ﺗ َ ُﻜ ْﻦ‬ َ َ‫ِﻣﻦَ اﻷ ُوﻟَ َﯿ ْﯿ ِﻦ َوﺗ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ َﺑ ْﻌﺪ‬
‫ َو َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬،‫ﻋ ْﻘ ِﺪ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟﺜ َ ِﺔ‬
2. Respond to the one who responded to him ‫ﻋ ْﻘ ِﺪ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟﺜ َ ِﺔ ِﻷ َ ﱠن‬َ ‫ﺖ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﮭ َﻤ ﺎ َوﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ‬ ْ َ‫ِﻣ ﻦَ اﻷ ُوﻟَﯿَ ْﯿ ِﻦ أ َ ْو َﻛﺎﻧ‬
3. Respond to the one who sneezes َ ُ‫ﻮرة َ َو ْاﻟ ُﺠﻠ‬
‫ﻮس ﻟَ ْﻢ ﯾَﻔُﻮﺗ َﺎ‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ ﱡ‬
If he says al-ḥamdullilāh, then he owes nothing. If
one yawns during the prayer, he should cover his
mouth. One should not spit except in his clothing
and without making a sound.

Whoever has doubt about a ritual impurity (hadath)

or an impurity (najāsa), thinks about it for a short
while, and ascertains purity then he owes nothing. ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬
َ ‫ﺖ‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼ ِﺗ ِﮫ َﺑ‬
ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬ َ ‫ﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺷﺎﻛﺎ ِﻓﻲ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ِل‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ‬
Whoever unintentionally looks around in his prayer
owes nothing. If he did it intentionally then it is
makrūh. If one turns his back to the qibla he must ،‫اء‬ِ َ‫ﺻ َﻼةِ اﻷ َد‬َ ‫ﺴ ْﮭ ِﻮ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ ‫ﺎء َﻛﺎﻟ ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ﻀ‬ َ َ‫ﺻ َﻼةِ اﻟﻘ‬ َ ‫ﺴ ْﮭ ُﻮ ﻓِ ﻲ‬ ‫َواﻟ ﱠ‬
cut his prayer off. If one prays wearing silk or gold, :‫ﺴ ﺎﺋِ َﻞ‬َ ‫ﺖ َﻣ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻀ ِﺔ ِإﻻ ﻓِﻲ ِﺳ ﱠ‬ ْ
َ ‫ﺴ ْﮭ ِﻮ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬ ‫ﺴ ْﮭ ُﻮ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِﻠَ ِﺔ َﻛﺎﻟ ﱠ‬‫َواﻟ ﱠ‬
steals during the prayer, or looks at something ‫ﺎن‬ ْ
ِ ‫ َو ِز َﯾ ﺎدَةِ َر ْﻛ َﻌ ٍﺔ َوﻧِ ْﺴ َﯿ‬،‫ﺴ ِ ّﺮ َواﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ ِﺮ‬
ّ ِ ‫ﻮرةِ َواﻟ‬
َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤ ِﺔ َواﻟ ﱡ‬
prohibited then he has disobeyed but his prayer is
valid. If a person makes a mistake in the recitation
،‫طﺎ َل‬َ ‫ﺎن ِإ ْن‬ ِ ‫ﺾ اﻷ َ ْر َﻛ‬ ِ ‫َﺑ ْﻌ‬
using a word that is not from the Qur’ān, he
prostrates after the salām. If the word is from the
Qur’ān, then he does not prostrate unless he
changed the word or ruined the meaning in which
case he would prostrate after the Salām.

‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ ﺗ َ َﻤ ﺎدَى‬ ‫ﻲ ْاﻟﻔَﺎﺗِ َﺤﺔَ ﻓِﻲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِﻠَ ِﺔ َوﺗ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ﱡ‬ َ ‫ﻓَ َﻤ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬
Whoever dozes off during the prayer does not owe a َ‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛ َﻌ ﺔ‬ ْ ْ
‫ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠﮫُ ﯾُﻠ ِﻐﻲ ﺗِﻠ َﻚ ﱠ‬،‫ﻀ ِﺔ‬ ْ
َ ‫ف اﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬ ِ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ِﺑ ِﺨ َﻼ‬‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬
َ ‫َو‬
prostration. If his sleep was heavy, then he repeats ُ
the prayer and wuḍū’. The moaning of a sick person
‫َﺎر ِك‬ ِ ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮدُهُ َﻛ َﻤﺎ ذ َﻛ ْﺮﻧَﺎ ﻓِﻲ ﺗ‬ ُ ‫ﻮن‬ُ ‫ َو َﯾ ُﻜ‬،‫َو َﯾ ِﺰﯾﺪُ أ ْﺧ َﺮى َو َﯾﺘ َ َﻤﺎدَى‬
is forgiven. Clearing one’s throat out of necessity is ‫ﺴ ﱠﺮ ِﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﻓﻠَ ِﺔ‬ ّ ِ ‫ﻮرة َ أ َ ِو ْاﻟ َﺠ ْﮭ َﺮ أ َ ِو اﻟ‬َ ‫ﺴ‬ َ ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬.‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد‬
‫ﻰ اﻟ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡ‬
forgiven, but for communication is disliked and does ‫ف‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ﺑِ ِﺨ َﻼ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ُﺠﻮد‬ ُ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ ﺗ َ َﻤ ﺎدَى َو َﻻ‬ ‫َوﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ ﱡ‬
not invalidate the prayer. If someone [praying] is ‫ﻋ ْﻘ ِﺪ‬َ ‫ﺎم إِﻟَﻰ ﺛ َﺎ ِﻟﺜ َ ٍﺔ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِﻠَ ِﺔ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن ﺗ َ ﺬَ ﱠﻛ َﺮ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ‬
َ َ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻗ‬.‫ﻀ ِﺔ‬ َ ‫ْاﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬
called and he responds by saying “subḥān Allāh,” it is
disliked, although his prayer is sound. If one stops
‫ﻋﻘَ ﺪَ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟﺜ َ ﺔَ ﺗ َ َﻤ ﺎدَى‬ َ ‫ َو ِإ ْن‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﺑَ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﻛ ﻮعِ َر َﺟ َﻊ َو‬ ‫ﱡ‬
during his recitation and no one reminds him, he ُ‫ﻀ ِﺔ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠ ﮫ‬ َ ‫ف اﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬ ْ ِ ‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم ِﺑ ِﺨ َﻼ‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ َ ‫اﻟﺮا ِﺑ َﻌ ﺔَ َو‬
‫َوزَ ادَ ﱠ‬
leaves that verse and recites what comes next. If he ‫َﯾ ْﺮ ِﺟ ُﻊ َﻣﺘ َﻰ َﻣﺎ ذَ َﻛ َﺮ َو َﯾ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪُ َﺑ ْﻌﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬
.‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬
cannot remember, then he makes rukūʾ.

One should not look at a copy of the Qur’ān in front

of him, unless it is the fātiḥa, which must be

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

completed using a copy of the Qur’ān or some other

means. If one leaves out one verse from the fātiḥa,
he prostrates before the salām. If it is more than
that, then the prayer is invalid. Whoever corrects ‫ﺴ ُﺠﻮ ِد َوﻟَ ْﻢ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺮ ُﻛﻮعِ أ َ ْو اﻟ ﱡ‬
‫ﻰ ُر ْﻛﻨً ﺎ ِﻣ ﻦَ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِﻓﻠَ ِﺔ َﻛ ﱡ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻧَ ِﺴ‬
the recitation of other than his imām, then his ُ‫ﻀ ِﺔ ﻓَﺈِﻧﱠﮫ‬َ ‫ف ْاﻟﻔَ ِﺮﯾ‬ ِ ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ ﺑِ ِﺨ َﻼ‬ َ ِ‫طﺎ َل ﻓَ َﻼ إ‬
َ َ ‫ﻋﺎدَة‬ َ ‫ﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ َو‬ َ ‫ﯾَﺘ َﺬَ ﱠﻛ ْﺮ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ‬
prayer is invalid. One should not correct the imām ‫ﺎﻣ ﺪًا أ َ ْو ﺗ َ َﺮ َك ِﻣ ْﻨﮭ ﺎ َر ْﻛﻌَ ﺔً أ َ ْو‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬َ َ‫ﻄ َﻊ اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻓِﻠَﺔ‬ َ َ‫ َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﻗ‬،‫ﯾُ ِﻌﯿﺪُ َھﺎ أ َﺑَﺪًا‬
unless he waits for assistance or changes the
‫ﻋﺎدَ َھﺎ أَﺑَﺪًا‬َ َ ‫ﺎﻣﺪًا أ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬َ ً ‫ﺳﺠْ ﺪَة‬ َ
meaning.

Whoever’s mind wanders for a short time about the َ‫ﻋﻠَ ْﯿ ِﮫ إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن ﯾَ ْﻨ ِﻄ ﻖ‬َ ‫ﺷ ْﻲء‬ َ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗِ ِﮫ ﻓَ َﻼ‬ َ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َﻨَ ﱠﮭ ﺪَ ﻓِ ﻲ‬
matters of the dunyā, then his reward is reduced but
‫ﺳ ﺒﱠ َﺢ ﺑِ ِﮫ ْاﻟ َﻤ ﺄ ْ ُﻣﻮ ُم‬
َ ٍ‫ﺺ أ َ ْو ِزﯾَﺎدَة‬ ٍ ‫اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم ﺑِﻨَ ْﻘ‬ِ ‫ﺳ َﮭﺎ‬َ ‫ َوإِذَا‬. ٍ‫ﺑِ ُﺤ ُﺮوف‬
his prayer is valid. No prostration is owed in the
following instances: ‫ض‬ َ ‫ﺎرقَ ْاﻷ َ ْر‬ َ َ‫ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن ﻓ‬،‫ﺴ ِﺒّﺢْ ِﺑ ِﮫ‬ َ َ‫ﺎم ِإ َﻣﺎ ُﻣ َﻚ ِﻣ ْﻦ َر ْﻛ َﻌﺘ َ ﯿ ِْﻦ ﻓ‬
َ َ‫َو ِإذَا ﻗ‬
‫ﺲ‬ ْ ‫ﺲ ﻓِ ﻲ اﻷوﻟَ ﻰ أ َ ْو ﻓِ ﻲ اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻟﺜ َ ِﺔ ﻓَﻘُ ْﻢ َو َﻻ ﺗ َﺠْ ِﻠ‬ َ َ‫ َو ِإ ْن َﺟﻠ‬،ُ‫ﻓَﺎﺗْ َﺒ ْﻌﮫ‬
1. Pushing someone away from walking in front ُ‫ﺴ ِﺒّﺢْ ِﺑ ِﮫ َو َﻻ ﺗ َﻘُ ْﻢ َﻣ َﻌ ﮫ‬ َ َ‫اﺣﺪَة ً َوﺗ َ َﺮ َك اﻟﺜﱠﺎ ِﻧ َﯿ ﺔَ ﻓ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ َو‬ َ ‫ َو ِإ ْن‬،ُ‫َﻣ َﻌﮫ‬
َ ‫إِ ﱠﻻ أ َ ْن ﺗ َ َﺨ‬
of you
2. Prostrating on the side of his forehead
‫ﺲ ﺑَ ْﻌﺪَ ذَ ِﻟ َﻚ َﻣﻌَ ﮫُ َﻻ‬ ْ ‫ﻋ ْﻘﺪَ ُر ُﻛﻮ ِﻋ ِﮫ ﻓَﺎﺗْﺒَ ْﻌﮫُ َو َﻻ ﺗ َﺠْ ِﻠ‬ َ ‫ﺎف‬
3. Prostrating on one or two layers of his َ‫ﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ ﻓَ ِﺰ ْد َر ْﻛﻌَﺔً أ ُ ْﺧ َﺮى ﺑَ ﺪَ ًﻻ ِﻣ ﻦ‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﺈِذَا‬،‫ﻓِﻲ ﺛ َﺎﻧِﯿَ ٍﺔ َو َﻻ ﻓِﻲ َراﺑِﻌَ ٍﺔ‬
turban. ‫ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن ُﻛ ْﻨ ﺘ ُ ْﻢ‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬‫اﻟﺮ ْﻛ َﻌ ِﺔ اﻟﱠﺘِ ﻲ أ َ ْﻟﻐَ ْﯿﺘ َ َﮭ ﺎ ﺑَﺎﻧِﯿً ﺎ َوﺗ َ ْﺴ ُﺠﺪُ ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﺣﺪًا ﯾُﺘِ ﱡﻢ ِﺑ ُﻜ ْﻢ‬ َ
ِ ‫ﻀ ُﻞ ﻟَ ُﻜ ْﻢ أ ْن ﺗ َﻘَﺪﱠ ُﻣﻮا َو‬ َ
َ ‫ﻋﺔ اﻷ ْﻓ‬ ً َ ‫َﺟ َﻤﺎ‬
There is nothing owed for involuntary emesis
(vomit) or reflux. The mistakes of a follower are
carried by the imām, unless what was missed was an
obligation.

If the follower is not paying attention, dozes off, or

is crowded out of bowing and: ،ُ‫ﺴ ﺒِّﺢْ ﺑِ ِﮫ َو َﻻ ﺗ َ ْﺴ ُﺠ ْﺪ َﻣﻌَ ﮫ‬ َ َ‫ﺳ ﺠْ ﺪَة ً ﺛ َﺎ ِﻟﺜ َ ﺔً ﻓ‬ َ ‫اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم‬ ِ َ‫َوإِذَا زَ اد‬
‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﯿ ِﮫ‬َ ‫ﻮﺟﺒَ َﮭﺎ أ َ ْو‬
ِ ‫ﺴ ٍﺔ ﺗ َﺒِﻌَﮫُ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َﯿَﻘﱠﻦَ ُﻣ‬ َ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ِ ‫اﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم إِﻟَﻰ َﺧ‬ ِ ‫ﺎم‬َ َ‫َوإِذَا ﻗ‬
1. Is in other than the first rakʿa, and ‫ﺎم اﻟﺜ ﱠ ﺎﻧِﻲ‬ َ َ‫ﺲ اﻷ َ ﱠو ُل َوﻗ‬ َ َ‫ ﻓَ ﺈ ِ ْن َﺟﻠ‬،‫ﺲ َﻣ ْﻦ ﺗ َ ﯿَﻘﱠﻦَ ِزﯾَﺎدَﺗ َ َﮭ ﺎ‬ َ َ‫َو َﺟﻠ‬
2. Feels like he can catch up to the imām before ْ
‫ﺳ ﺒﱠ َﺢ ِﺑ ِﮫ‬َ ِ‫ﺼ َﻼة‬ ‫اﻹ َﻣ ﺎ ُم ﻗَ ْﺒ َﻞ َﻛ َﻤ ﺎ ِل اﻟ ﱠ‬ ِ ‫ﺳ ﻠ َﻢ‬ َ ‫ َو ِإذَا‬،ُ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ ُﮫ‬ َ ‫ﺖ‬ ْ َ‫ﻄﻠ‬ َ ‫َﺑ‬
the imām rises from the second prostration
‫ َو ِإ ْن‬،‫ﺴ َﻼ ِم‬ ‫ﺳ َﺠﺪَ َﺑ ْﻌ ﺪَ اﻟ ﱠ‬َ ‫ﺻ َﻼﺗ َﮫُ َو‬ َ ‫ﺻﺪﱠﻗَﮫُ َﻛ ﱠﻤ َﻞ‬ َ ‫ ﻓَﺈِن‬،ُ‫َﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ ْﻠﻔَﮫ‬
then he makes rukūʾ and catches up to the imām. If ‫ َوإِ ْن‬،‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫ﻋ ْﺪﻟَ ْﯿ ِﻦ َو َﺟﺎزَ ﻟَ ُﮭ َﻤ ﺎ ْاﻟ َﻜ َﻼ ُم ﻓِ ﻲ ذَ ِﻟ‬ َ ‫ﺳﺄ َ َل‬
َ ‫ﺷ ﱠﻚ ﻓِﻲ َﺧﺒَ ِﺮ ِه‬ َ
he does not feel like he can catch up to the imām, ُ ْ ْ َ ‫ﱠ‬ َ ْ
‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﯾَ ِﻘﯿﻨِ ِﮫ َوﺗ َ َﺮ َك اﻟﻌَ ْﺪﻟ ْﯿ ِﻦ إِﻻ أن ﯾَﻜﺜ َﺮ‬ َ َ ‫ﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
َ ‫ﺗ َ ﯿَﻘﻦَ اﻟ َﻜ َﻤ ﺎ َل‬
then he follows the imām and makes up a rakʿa in its
place after the salām of his imām. If the follower .‫ﺎس َﺧ ْﻠﻔَﮫ ﻓَﯿَﺘْ ُﺮ َك ﯾَ ِﻘﯿﻨَﮫُ َوﯾَ ْﺮ ِﺟ َﻊ ِإﻟَ ْﯿ ِﮭ ْﻢ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻨﱠ‬
does not pay attention to prostrating, is crowded or
dozes off until the imām stands in the following unit
(rak’ah), then he prostrates, if he feels he will catch
the imām before he makes rukūʾ. Otherwise, he
leaves the prostration and follows the imām and
then makes up another rakʿa as well. Whenever he
has to make up a rakʿa he does not have to prostrate

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

[after the salām] unless he is in doubt about the

rukūʾ or prostration.

If one is approached by a scorpion or snake and kills

it, then he owes nothing, unless he spent a long time
or turns his back to the qibla, in which case he cuts
off the prayer. If a person doubts whether he is in
witr or the second rakʿa of shafiʾ, he should consider
it to the be the second rak’ah of shafiʾ, prostrate
after the Salām, and then stand for witr. The one
who unintentionally speaks between shafiʾ and witr
owes nothing. If it was intentional, then it is
disliked, and he still owes nothing. The one who
does not catch at least one unit (rak’ah) with the
imām should not prostate with him, whether a qablī
or baʾdī. If he prostrates with the imām, then his
prayer is invalid. If he catches a complete rakʿa or
more with the imām, he prostrates the qablī with
the imām and delays the baʾdī until he finishes his
own prayer, and then prostrates it after the Salām.
If he intentionally prostrates with the imām, then
his prayer is invalid. If he prostrated
unintentionally then he prostrates after the Salām.

If the follower makes a mistake after the Salām of

the imām, then he is like an individual praying
alone. If the follower who was late owes a baʾdī due
to the imām and a qablī due to his own mistake, the
qablī will suffice for him. If one forgets a rukūʾ and
remembers it while in prostration, he must return
to the standing position. It is recommended that he
recite a portion of the Qur’ān, perform the rukūʾ and
then prostrate after the Salām. If a person forgets
one prostration, and remembers it after standing, he
must return to the sitting and perform the missed
prostration. This is unless he had performed the
sitting before he stood up, in which case he would
not repeat the sitting. Whoever forgot two
prostrations should fall straight into prostration
without sitting. In all of these cases he prostrates
after the salām.

If he remembers the prostration after raising his

head from the rukūʾ that follows it, he:

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

1. Continues in his prayer

2. Does not return
3. Voids the deficient rakʿa
4. Adds a rakʿa at the end building [upon what
he has already done]
5. Prostrates before the Salām, if the mistake
was from the first two rakʿas and he
remembered it after completing the third
rakʿa.
6. Prostrates after the Salām if it was not from
the first two rakʿas, or was from them but he
remembered before completing the third
rakʿa. This is because the sūra and the sitting
were not missed.

Whoever says the final Salām while in doubt about

the completion of the prayer, his prayer is invalid.

The rules of sahw (forgetfulness) in make-up prayers

are the same as in the prayers made on time. The
rules of forgetfulness in the nāfila prayer are the
same as in the obligatory prayer except in six
matters:

1. The fātiḥa
2. Sūra
3. Silent recitation
4. Audible recitation
5. Adding a rakʿa
6. Forgetting some of the pillars of the prayer if
a long time has passed

So, whoever forgets the fātiḥa in the nāfila and

remembers it after the rukūʾ he continues on in his
prayer and he prostrates before the Salām. This is
in contrast to the farḍ prayer where he would void
that rakʿa, add another rakʿa and continue. His
prostration would be according to what we
mentioned about the person who forgot a
prostration. If a person forgets the sura, the
audible recitation, or the silent recitation in the
nāfila and remembers after the rukūʾ and he does
not owe a prostration, which differs from the farḍ
prayer. If a person stands for a third rakʿa during a
nāfila, he returns if he remembers before

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

completing the rukūʾ and prostrates after the Salām.

If he completed the third rakʿa, he should continue
and add a fourth rakʿa and prostrate before the
Salām. This differs from the farḍ where he would
return as soon as he realizes and prostrate after the
Salām.

If a person forgets a pillar from the nāfila prayer,

such as rukūʾ or sujūd, and does not remember until
he has said Salām and a long time has passed, he
does not have to repeat the prayer. This differs
from the farḍ prayer in which case he would repeat
it indefinitely. Whoever cuts off a nāfila prayer
intentionally or leaves a rakʿa or sajda from it
intentionally, must repeat it indefinitely.

Whoever yawns in his prayer owes nothing, unless

he pronounces a letter. If an imām makes a mistake
by either subtracting or adding something, the
follower must say subḥān Allāh. If your imām
stands after completing only two rakʿas, then say
subḥān Allah. However, if he seperates from the
ground then follow him. If he sits in the first or
third rakʿa, then stand and do not sit with him. If he
prostrates once and leaves the second prostration,
say subḥān Allah and do not follow him. This is
unless you fear that he will go into the following
rukūʾ, in which case you would follow. Then you
would not sit with him afterwards neither in the
second or fourth rakʿa. Once he says the final Salām,
then stand and add another rakʿa in place of the one
he missed building on what was done and then
prostrate before the Salām. If you were a
congregation, the best thing would be for you to
choose one amongst you to complete the prayer.

If the imām adds a third prostration, then say

subḥān Allah and do not prostrate with him. If the
Imām stands up for a fifth rakʿa, those who are sure
of it being needed or are in doubt must follow him.
The ones who are sure of it being an addition must
sit. If the first group sits or the second stands, the
prayer is invalid. If the imām says the Salām before

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 The Mukhtaṣar of al-Akhḍarī Course Packet: Fiqh 101A

completing the prayer, those following him must

say subḥān Allāh. If he believes them he should
return to complete his prayer, and then prostrate
after the salam. If he is sure of the prayer being
complete, he should follow his certainty and leave
the two just witnesses. This is unless there are
many people behind him [saying subḥān Allāh] then
he should leave his certainty and go with them.

QUESTIONS FOR THE BOOK OF IMAM AL-AKHDARI

Prepared by
Students in the Tayba Distance Learning Course

NOTE: WHEN SUBMITTING YOUR ANSWERS, BE SURE TO MENTION THAT YOU ARE USING
THE QUESTIONS FROM THE 2nd (SECOND) EDITION OF AL-AKHDARI.

INTRODUCTION:

1. Why do all classical texts start with Al-Hamd and Basmalah?

2. Define mukallaf?
3. Is it necessary to study Islamic beliefs (‘aqeedah) as a practicing Muslim?
4. What is meant by rectification of Faith (Iman)?
5. List six (6) individually obligatory (fard ‘ain) subjects?
6. What is obligatory to know first among the sciences of Religion?
7. List the five pillars?
8. What are the articles of faith?
9. Who accompanied the Prophet (sas) on the Heavenly Ascent?
10. Does a person without intellect have to fulfill Allah’s commands and avoid His
prohibitions?

CONDITIONS OF REPENTANCE:

11. Is repentance a part of faith? In other words, if a person doesnot repent, is he a

Muslim?
12. What are the three (3) conditions for making repentance?

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