Long Vertical Tube Evaporators
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ScribdTranslationsVERTICAL TUBE EVAPORATORS
LONGS
Long vertical tube evaporators
In a vertical evaporator with long tubes, the liquid is in the
interior of the tubes. These measure from 3 to 10 m high, which helps to obtain
very high liquid speeds.
Generally, the liquid passes through the pipes only once and is not recirculated.
Contact times are usually quite brief in this model. It's excellent.
for foamy liquids or those that form cream.
These are classified into:
Falling film evaporators
Rising film evaporators
Forced circulation evaporators
Descending film evaporator: They allow for the
materials very sensitive to heat withstand a minimum of
exposure to the hot surface, they are also good for the
concentration of viscous products, they are used for the
concentration of fruit juice.
Ascending film evaporator: The residence time in an evaporator
this type is relatively short and the coefficient of
Heat transfer is generally high, due to being devices.
Quite commonly used to concentrate heat-sensitive products.
The movement of such vapors generates a film that
move quickly upwards. The product used must be from
lowviscositydue to the upward movement is
natural.
Forced circulation They are used for liquids or viscous, corrosive solutions and in
those that form salts or crystalline products. Forced convection increases
the heat transfer coefficient. They are used in very varied evaporations.
Long tube evaporators are especially effective for concentrating
liquids that tend to form foam, since the foam breaks when the
A mixture of steam and liquid collides at high speed against the deflector plate.
VERTICAL TUBE EVAPORATORS
LONG
Components:
The components that are basically constituting the vertical evaporator of
long tubes are a shell and tube heat exchanger heated with steam; it has
shape of a vertical cylinder in which there is:
Tubular heating: It is formed by bundles of tubes inside the
the liquid circulates through these tubes heated by steam
heating that enters through the belt. The diameter of these pipes is
from 3 to 6 cm, and its length from 3 to 6 m.
Deflector: It is located at the top and is responsible for separating from
vaporizes most of the liquid particles.
Separator: It is responsible for separating the steam from the liquid phase.
concentrated, which is retained and goes back to the outlet pipe of the
concentrated.
Auxiliary Equipment: Some of the following accessories are essential.
for the operation of the evaporators:
Vacuum Pump: They are generally of the reciprocating type, their function is to extract
the non-condensable gases from the condenser and release them into the atmosphere.
VERTICAL TUBE EVAPORATORS
LONG
Water Pump: They are generally centrifugal pumps; these pumps must
to be selected according to the water flow they have to manage and the
existing pressure head in the system, its function is to circulate the liquid
soda (water).
Condenser: It is used when an evaporator operates at a pressure lower than the
atmospheric, the most effective procedure is to connect to the evaporation chamber
a vacuum pump, through a water-cooled condenser.
Characteristics
They can be of upward flow (upward film), of downward flow.
(downward movie), and of forced circulation.
Single pass or with recirculation.
It consists of a vertical chamber equipped with tubular heat exchangers.
vertically
As a heating medium, steam is usually used, which condenses in the
interior of the chamber.
The liquid is inside the tubes.
The pipes are typically 1 to 2 inches in diameter and 12 to 32 feet in length.
what helps to achieve very high liquid speeds.
Generally, the liquid passes through the pipes only once and is not recirculated.
Contact times are usually quite brief in this model.
In some cases, natural recirculation of the product may be employed through the
evaporator.
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
General Film Evaporators Evaporators of
Ascendant and Descendant. forced circulation
Low cost. Upper space The most frequent difficulty Energy required for the
Large surface of elevated. they have too much circulation pump.
warming in a They are not suitable sensitivity to change It is not worth it for liquids.
body. for liquids that in the conditions a little viscous because the
Low retention. form fillings operational. improvement that is obtained not
Need for little of scales or flakes. Generally, they are not compensates for the costs
land space. Requires suitable for solutions pumping accessories
Good coefficients recirculation for the precipitants or incrustants. regarding the
transfer of movie version Low coefficients of natural circulation.
heat with differences descendant heat transfer in the
reasonable of They present too much type of evaporator of
temperatures sensitivity towards the upward movie, with
(Ascending movie) change in the low differences of
Good coefficients conditions of temperature.
VERTICAL TUBE EVAPORATORS
LONGS
of transfer operation. Sometimes they require
heat to all the recirculation.
differences of Poor distribution of
temperatures feeding material to
(Movie the film units
descendant descendant.
For the evaporators of
downward movie the
concentration that can be
reaching is limited.
The main problem of a
film evaporator
descendant is the
uniform distribution of
liquid forming a
interior movie in the tubes.
Industrial applications of long tube vertical evaporator
They are used for solutions that do not separate solids (deposits).
Downstream film: food industry (thermosensitive products)
flavors--aromas), viscous products or in the preparation of juices of
fruits, blood plasma, etc.
Ascending film: NaOH concentration (up to 50%), black liquor (industry)
cellulose)
The Roberts evaporator has a wide circulation tube in the center of the
heating tube package that concentrates the return flow to
bottom of the tube package. The Roberts evaporator is still widely
used in the sugar industry.
Evaporation plants are used as separation technologies.
thermal for the concentration or separation of liquid solutions,
suspensions and emulsions.
General applications:
Clear liquids
Foaming liquids
Corrosive solutions
Large evaporation loads
Differences in high temperatures
Bibliography:
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RGOS
VERTICAL TUBE EVAPORATORS
LONG
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