Assessment Test 1 Physics and Chemistry A–11th Year

School Data

Name No. Class

Professor Classification

Use only blue or black indelible ink pen or ballpoint pen. You can use a ruler, set square, protractor, and machine.
calculate graph.
The use of a correction pen is not allowed. In case of mistake, you must clearly cross out what you do not want to be classified.
Write the numbering of the items in a readable manner, as well as the respective answers. Illegible answers or those that cannot...
those identified are classified with zero points.
For each item, provide only one answer. If you write more than one answer for the same item, only the first will be considered.
the answer presented first.
To answer the multiple choice items, write on the answer sheet:
the item number;
the identifying letter of the only valid option.
In the open-ended response items of calculation, present all the steps of the solution, detailing all the calculations made and
presenting all the justifications and/or conclusions requested.
The item prices can be found at the end of the test statement.
The test ends with the word END.

TABLE OF CONSTANTS

Module of the speed of light propagation in a vacuum c= 3.0 108ms−1

Module of gravitational acceleration of a body near the surface of the Earth g= 9.80 m/s−2

Universal Gravitational Constant G= 6.67 10−11Nm 2kg−2

FORM

Energy
1 Epg= m g h W= F dcos W= − Epg
Ec= mv2 Fg
2 Em= Ec+ Ep W= Ec
U= RI E= m c T P
P= RI2 2U= − rI U=W+ Q Er=
A
Mechanics
1 v= v0+ a t v2 2
x= x0+ v0 t+ at2 ac= =
2 r T
v= r m1m2
F=
g
G
F= I am r2
Waves and electromagnetism
v Φ
3 m c
= Φm= BAcos i = n= n1sin 1 = n2sin 2
t v

1
A body with mass 500g describes a horizontal and straight trajectory along the axis of xx .
The figure shows the graph of the scalar component of the position of the center of mass of
body, as a function of time, t. In the first 5 seconds, the resultant of the forces acting on the body is
constant.

1.1 Select the speed-time graph, v = f ( t ) , which can represent the scalar component of
speed, of v the body in the time interval
0.0; 3.0 s .
(A)X (B) (C) (D)

Option (A).
According to the position-time graph, it can be seen that the body moves in the positive direction and with
speed module increasing, since the slope of the tangents to the curve at each point
increases over time, in the time interval considered.

1.2 Refer, justifying, the type of movement that the body presents in the last 4 seconds of the movement.
Uniform straight-line motion. According to the graph, in the last 4 seconds of the motion, the
The body's position varies linearly over time. Thus, the slope of the tangent line at each
the point is constant and equal to the scalar component of the average velocity. As the velocity is
constant in direction, sense and intensity, the body's movement is uniform rectilinear.

2
1.3.Calculate the scalar component of the body's velocity at t=the
9.0 s moment
.
Present all the resolution steps, detailing all the calculations performed.
As in the time interval the position
8.0;of12.0
thesbody varies linearly over time,
the scalar component of the velocity at each moment is constant and equal to the scalar component of the
average speed in this time interval.
x 0.5−12.5
v(t =9.0s = v(t =9.0s = v(t =9.0s= −3 m s−1
t 12.0− 8.0

1.4.Comparing the distance traveled, , with the scalar component of the displacement, x , it is possible
to state that, in the time interval 0;8,0 s ,

(A) s (C) s
1. 1.
x x
(B) s (D) s = 0 .
= 1 .X
x x

Option (B).
As in the time interval 0;8,0 s the body moves in a straight line, in the positive direction and without
reversal of direction, so the scalar component of the displacement is equal to the distance traveled,
s
s= x =1
x

1.5. From the graph, it can be stated that, in its movement, the body
(A) accelerated, reversed direction, accelerated, stopped and then braked.
It accelerated, reversed direction, accelerated again, stopped, and then braked.
(C)stopped, reversed direction and started walking at constant speed.
It accelerated, stopped, reversed direction, and started walking again at a constant speed.
Option (D).
According to the position-time graph, it is observed that the body moves in the positive direction and with
speed module increasing, since the slope of the tangent lines to the curve at each point
increases over time, in the first seconds. In the time interval 6.0; 8.0 s the body
remains at rest, as its position does not change over time. At the moment t= 8.0s , o
the body reverses the direction of movement and, from this moment on, the position varies linearly with
Over time, that is, the speed is constant and equal to the slope of the line.

2. Two carts, A and B, move along a straight trajectory on an inclined plane, according to tracks.
parallel, according to the figure.

3
Admit that, from the moment t = 0 s and during a certain period of time, the
position coordinates, x A e xB , the carts A and B vary with time, according to
t the
equations:
x=
A (
−2.5+ 3.0 tons ) xB= 2.5− 3.0t+ 0.20t2 (m )
Consider that each cart can be represented by its center of mass (particle model)
material).
2.1.Select the option that indicates the distance between carts A and B, in t= 0 s .
(A) 5.0 m X (C) −5.0 m
(B) 0.0m (D) -2.5 m

Option (A).
At the initial moment, the positions of carts A and B are, respectively xA= −2.5mexB= 2.5m .
Thus, the distance at which they are is: d= xA− xB d= −2.5− 2.5 d= 5.0m .

2.2. Using the capabilities of the graphing calculator, indicate the moment when the carts
they find, referring to the speed of cart B at that moment.
Explain how you arrived at the result.
By inputting the two functions into the calculator, the intersection allows us to obtain the moment when
the two carts meet at the same position: , when they are
t=in position,
0.858s
x= 0.074m .

The slope of the tangent line to the curve xBat this moment equal to the scalar component of
the speed of cart B at this moment, one obtains for the scalar component of the velocity,
vx= −2.66 ms−1

2.3.Select the diagram that correctly represents the resultant of the forces acting on cart A.
in the movement considered.
(A) (B)

(C) (D)

4
 Option (C).
According to the motion equation of cart A, the position of the cart varies linearly
over time, and therefore, its speed is constant and equal to 3ms −1 .
If the cart moves with constant speed, it means that the change in speed will be null.
Thus, the acceleration will be zero, and, according to Newton's Second Law, the resultant of the forces acting is
the cart will be null.

2.4. The normal force exerted by the surface on block B, during the considered time interval, is
equal to the normal force exerted by block B on the surface.
(B) equal to the gravitational force exerted on block B.
(C) symmetric of the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on block B.
Inferior, in magnitude, to the gravitational force exerted by the Earth on block B.X

Option (D).
According to Newton's Second Law, the resultant of the forces acting in the direction of the normal force is zero.
for what N= Py On the other hand,P= P+
x
P y In conclusion, N P.

2.5 Conclude, justifying whether, in this time frame, the system little cart+Earth is conservative.
Write a structured text using appropriate scientific language.
The gravitational potential energy decreases over time, so the variation of potential energy
it will be negative and the kinetic energy remains constant (because the speed of the cart is
constant), so the variation of kinetic energy will be zero.
The variation of mechanical energy is equal to the sum of the variation of kinetic energy with the variation
From gravitational potential energy, it will come that the variation of mechanical energy is equal to the variation of
gravitational potential energy.
In conclusion, the variation of mechanical energy will be negative, which means there is no conservation of
mechanical energy, and the system is not conservative.

A moving truck on a steep straight route suffers a failure in

braking system. The driver steers the truck towards an emergency ramp with a slope
, according to the figure below.

Admit that the truck can be represented by its center of mass (particle model)
material) and that all dissipative forces acting on it along the ramp are negligible.
emergency.
The truck of 1,3 104kg enters an emergency ramp with an inclination of 12 .

5
 The initial speed of the truck is, in magnitude, 130km/h −1, and under these circumstances, the truck

covers a distance, , until stopping.

d
If, in another situation, the slope of the plane is 10 for the same initial conditions show that,
under these circumstances, the distance traveled by the truck on the emergency ramp until it stops,
increases by about 20%.
Show how you arrived at the requested result by presenting all the resolution steps.
For the same initial conditions it will be:
( Ec )situation1 = ( Ec )situation2 ( )
W FR situation1
= WF( )
R situation2

Neglecting all dissipative forces, W=W+ WN W=WF and will come:

F PR R P

P d1 cos 1= P d2 cos 2 d1 cos 1= d2 cos 2 d1 sin12 = d2sine of 10 degrees

sin12
d1 sin12 = d2sin10 d2= d1 d2= 1.20 d1
sin10
d2− d 1 1.20d1− d
Thus, increase (%)= 100 increase (%)= 1
100= 20%
d1 d1

The Solar System has been extensively studied. The planets orbit around the Sun.
due to the gravitational force that the Sun exerts on them.

4.1 Consider the planet Saturn, whose mass is about 100 times greater than the mass of Earth and that
it has an orbital radius about 10 times greater than the Earth's orbital radius around the Sun.
The ratio between the gravitational force with which the Sun attracts the Earth and the gravitational force with which the Sun
FgS/T
Saturn attracts, , it is approximately,
FgS/S

(A)10 (C)0,1
(B)1X 0.01
Option (B).
G mT mS G mS mS
F=
gS/T
eF=gS/S substituting mS= 100 mT; d S-S = 10 dT-S it is obtained:
dT2-S dS2-S

G mT mS
FgS/T dT2-S FgS/T 100
= = =1
FgS/S G 100 mT mS FgS/S 100
(10d T-S ) 2

4.2 The module of the gravitational acceleration of a body launched vertically upwards, starting from
Venus surface is
inversely proportional to the mass of the body.
maximum at the highest point of the trajectory.
(C) independent of the mass of the body.
(D) null at the highest point of the trajectory.

6
 Option (C).
Equating Newton's Second Law to the Law of Universal Gravitation, FR = mbody a e
G mVenus mbody
F=
g
we have to:
d2
G mVenus mbody G mVenus , so the magnitude of the acceleration is constant and only
mbody a= a=
d 2
d2
it depends on the distance of the body to Venus and the mass of Venus.

5. The free fall movement was studied by the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei. After numerous experiments
that performed, Galileo verified that bodies in free fall, even those of different masses, reach the
ground at the same time, as they would be subject to the same acceleration.
A group of students built a device with the goal of experimentally determining the modulus.
of the acceleration in a free fall movement and check if it depends on the mass of the bodies.
The students assembled the device as outlined in the figure below.

The moment the circuit of the electromagnet opens, the sphere begins to fall.
The computer starts the countdown. The countdown ends when the sphere hits the digital carpet.
thus obtaining the time of fall, tfall, from the sphere. The fall height, hfalls, it was measured with
a graduated ruler, whose smallest division of the scale is one millimeter.

5.1. What is the outline of the graph that can represent how kinetic energy, E, varies?c, from the sphere
due to time, during the fall?
(A) (B)X (C) (D)

7
 Option (B).
Since the system is a conservative system, the speed increases linearly over time.
Before the fall of the sphere. Since kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the velocity, in case the
if the speed of the sphere doubles, its kinetic energy will increase four times. Thus, the kinetic energy
kinetic increases over time, according to a non-linear function.

5.2. Based on the measurement values, the equation of the line that best fits the set was determined.
from the points of the graph:
tq2Ueda= 0.207hfall− 0.001 SI ( )
5.2.1 From the obtained equation determine the gravitational acceleration and present the result as a function
of the obtained value and of the relative percentage error.

Take as a reference the value of 9.80ms−2 .

Present all the steps of resolution.
1 1 2 y
y= y0+v0t + a t 2 y= 0 + a t 2 t 2=
2 2 a
Comparing this equation with the equation of the line, we can conclude that:
2
= 0.207 a= 9.66ms−2
a
quoted value− experimental value 9.80− 9.66
Er= 100= 100= 1.43%
table value 9.80

a= 9.66ms −2 1.43%
5.2.2 If in one of the trials the sphere is dropped from a height of 1.60 m, what is the magnitude of the velocity?
what position is the sphere at when located 0.70 m above the ground?
(A) v= 5.6ms −1
(B)v= 4.2ms −1
(C) v= 3.7ms −1 X
(D)v= 2.6ms −1

Option (C).
If the sphere is in free fall, there is conservation of mechanical energy and it will become:
1
E=
mi
E mf c
E + E=iE+ Epi
mcf g h=
pf
m g h+ mi v2 v= 2 g ( h − h ) f i
2
v= 2 9.80 (1,60− 0.70= 3.7ms −1

6. A ball, B1, is launched vertically upwards, the 1.3 m of terrestrial solo, with a speed of
module 5.0ms Three seconds later, a second ball, B2, is launched vertically upward, from the
−1

same position, with a speed of modulus 4.0ms−1 .

Admit that:
the initial position coincides with the reference level of gravitational potential energy and that the positive direction
it is from the bottom up.
the air resistance is negligible;
The balls can be represented by their center of mass (material particle model)
8
6.1 Determine, by means of energy considerations, the ratio between the maximum height reached by ball B.1,
hmax B1 and the maximum height reached by the ball Bh2max
, B2 .
Present all calculations made.
Considering that there is conservation of energy in the movement of balls B.1e B2:
For ball B1
1 5.02
E=
c
− Ep E− E=
cf − E−
ci
E ( mv = mg)h
pf
2
pi h=
2
i max max
2 9.8
= 1.3m

For ball B2

E=
c
− Ep E− E=
c f − E−
ci
E ( mv = m)g h 12 h=
pf
2
pi i max max
4.0 2
2 9.8
= 0.82m

( hmax )B1 1.3

Like this: = = 1.6
( hmax )B 0.82
2

6.2 Knowing that ball t= 0 s and that the ball B2was released 3 seconds later, which of the
B1was launched at the moment
The following options can represent the equation that allows obtaining the scalar component of the position of the
ball B2in terms of time, expressed
t in base units of the SI?
(A) y= 4.0 (t−3)+ 4.90 (t−3)2set 3
(B) y= 4.0 (t−3)− 4.90 (t−3)2set 3 X
(C) y= 4.0 + 3)+ 4.90 (t+ 3)2set 3
(D) y= 4.0 (t+ 3)− 4.90 (t+ 3)2set 3

Option (B).
As the two balls are in free fall, they exhibit uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion.
with the equation being valid:
y=
0
0
12
y= y+v
0
t+
0
a t ;C.I.v= 4.0ms
0
−1

2
a= g= −9.80ms−2

Substituting in the position equation will result in:

y=4.0 tB2− 4.90 tB2,2 in quetB= t−3,2 comt= tB(flight time of
1
ball B1 ).
Thus, substituting tB= t−2 3 for the ball B2, it is obtained:

t( − 3 ) comt 3
2
y=4.0 (t− 3)− 4.90

FIN

9
 Item
Question
Quotation (in points)

1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5

1
10 12 12 10 10 54
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5.
2
10 14 10 10 12 56
3.
3
14 14
4.1. 4.2.
4
10 10 20
5.1. 5.2.1. 5.2.2.
5
10 12 10 32
6.1. 6.2.
6
12 12 24
TOTAL 200

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