Environmental studies December 2020

1. In which of the following reports/books was 'Sustainable Development' formally defined for the first
time? Our Common Future

2. Which one of the following is not one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals adopted by
UN? Tourism and Travel

3. Which one of the following is an example of human modified environment? Dams

4. In which of the following do forests not play a significant role? Regeneration of carbon dioxide

5. Which one of the following regions covers more than 50% plant species in the world? Tropical Rain
Forests

6. Crown fire mostly takes place in which of the following forests? Dense Forest

7. Communities residing near waste disposal sites receiving fewer economic benefits than the
communities generating the waste represents: Social Inequity

8. Which one of the following communities does not have a strong sense of stewardship? Urban
community

9. Which of the following views considers nature as a mother and that she cannot be tamed? Indian view

10. The water cycle is driven by: Sun

11. Chemosynthetic bacteria are: Autotrophs

12. Life does not exist beyond how many metres above mean sea level? 8000

13. In an ecosystem, the decomposition of organisms takes place by: Reducers

14. The increase in population between 10,000 BC and about 1800 AD coincided with: Growth in
agriculture

15. During the 14th century more than half the population of Europe and Asia was killed due to:
Bubonic plague

16. Which one of the following is not a genetic disease? Malaria

17. Match the types of environmental influences with their respective category: a - iv, b - i, c - ii, d - iii

18. In a coniferous forest, the soil is: Acidic and mineral deficient

19. The organisms which are attached to stems and leaves of rooted plants are known as: Periphyton

20. In an ocean, the zone showing maximum variability in terms of temperature, light, salinity and
moisture is: Littoral zone

21. An estuary is a transitional zone representing: Unique ecological features and biotic communities

22. Which of the following is a major cause of deforestation? Construction of dams

23. Passenger pigeon is the perfect example of loss of species due to: Selective destruction for food
24. The weed which causes enormous damage in fish and rice crop is: Water hyacinth

25. Artificial insemination has been useful for conservation of: Elephants

26. Which one of the following is not a major characteristic feature of biodiversity hotspot? Large
number of exotic species

27. Which one of the following areas in India is a hotspot of biodiversity? Western Ghats

28. Which one of the following has the maximum genetic diversity in India? Mango

29. Which of the following has maximum percentage of availability of water? Ground water

30. Among the ecosystems mentioned below, where can one find maximum biodiversity? Coral reefs

31. How much water on the Earth is readily accessible for human use? 0.5%

32. The soil which is low in organic matter and has low fertility in India is: Soil of desert region

33. Which of the following is not a practice used to prevent soil erosion? Kul

34. Identify the conventional source of energy from the following: Biomass

35. A biomass gasifier converts: Solid fuel to gaseous fuel

36. The most suitable fuel for a fuel cell is: Hydrogen

37. The biophysical carrying capacity is the population that can be supported by the resources of the
planet at a given level of technology: The maximum

38. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas? Chlorine

39. Which of the following is not related to climate change? Montreal Protocol

40. The ozone layer is present in which of the following ranges of the atmosphere? 15–50 km

41. The pH of rainfall was measured at four places. Which place had the acid deposition? A – 5.5

42. Which of the following chemicals is responsible for ozone depletion? Chlorofluorocarbons

43. Which of the following animals excretes very concentrated urine? Nocturnal Rodents

44. Which of the following is an example of non-point source of pollution? Agricultural runoff

45. When was The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act enacted? 1981

46. The main objective of UNFCC relates to: Greenhouse gases

47. Which is not a waste minimisation method? Landfill

48. Which is the best method for disposal of hospital and toxic wastes? Incineration

49. Which method is commonly used to assess the presence of organisms in a water body? MPN

50. NBA has been set up under the: The Biological Diversity Act
Environmental studies December 2021

1. Which one of the following is an example of man-made environment? Crop fields

2. Who coined the term 'Possibilism'? Vidal de la Blache

3. Which one of the following is not one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals? Life on air

4. Holding meeting in a remote location to minimise public participation is an example of: Procedural
inequity

5. Which view towards nature was proposed as an alternative to patriarchal domination?

Ecofeminism

6. The main centre of ENVIS is located at: Delhi

7. Primary consumers are: Herbivores

8. Sulphates in water, acid rain and fossil fuel are part of the: Sedimentary cycle

9. In ecological succession, the final stage is termed as: Climax community

10. In an ecosystem, energy is lost in the form of: Heat energy

11. Globally, the region most prone to natural calamities is: Asia

12. Among the following, which factory is not in the "Taj Trapezium Zone"? Mathura Sugar Factory

13. Silent Valley is the narrow valley of which river? Kunthi

14. Approximate world population around 800 BC: 5 million

15. Temperate deciduous forests have: Trees of 40–50 metres height with thin and broad leaves

16. In India, Teak and Bamboo are common in: Tropical seasonal forests

17. In Indian grassland ecosystem, biomass peaks during: March to May

18. Example of lotic freshwater ecosystem: River

19. Insecticides, particularly DDT, led to reduction in population of: Birds

20. Rehabilitation of Great Indian Rhinoceros was hampered due to: Rinderpest disease

21. Problem of invasive species is likely to increase due to: Climate change

22. Alien species known to cause skin allergies: Parthenium hysterophorus

23. Not a criterion for designation of biodiversity hotspot: Lesser interspecific competition

24. Biodiversity of a geographical region represents: Diversity of and in living nature

25. Animal found only in Western Ghats: Malabar Grey Hornbill

26. Main source of water for lakes and rivers: Runoff

27. Which is not true for red soil? It supports rainforests and grasslands

28. An aquifer is: A layer of rock through which water percolates down

29. Most effective treatment for alkaline soil: Gypsum

30. Energy harnessed using photovoltaic cells comes from: Sun

31. First wave/tidal energy plant in India was established at: Vishakhapatnam

32. Largest coal producing country in the world: China

33. Maximum population supported by planetary resources at a given technology level: Is the
biophysical capacity

34. Major contributor to greenhouse effect: Water vapour

35. Correct statement for UV radiation: UV B is absorbed by the ozone layer

36. Can cause skin cancer and cataract in humans: UV radiation

37. Example of a secondary pollutant: Ozone

38. Standard level of RSPM: 60 micrograms per cubic metre

39. Kyoto Protocol deals with: Greenhouse gas emissions

40. Hotspots are regions of high: Endemism

41. Main aim of 1987 Amendment to Air Act: To introduce stiffer penalties

42. Forest (Conservation) Act enacted in: 1980

43. Convention for ozone layer protection: Vienna Convention

44. Generally not a recyclable waste: Plastic

45. Not a method of waste minimisation: Waste concentration

46. Not a method of hazardous waste disposal: Dumping at sea

47. Not correct about biodiversity in India: India has 6 biodiversity hotspots

48. Not representing ecological significance of forest: Providing aesthetic and spiritual value

49. Not included in Non-Timber Forest Products: Timber

50. State where Joint Forest Management was first implemented: West Bengal
Environmental Studies – June 2022 Questions & Answers

1. World Commission on Environment and Development was chaired by: Gro Harlem Brundtland

2. Which one of the following is a decomposer? Fungi

3. Which one is not a priority area for achieving sustainable development goals? Zero pollution

4. The main sulphur reservoir in the sulphur cycle is present in the: Soil

5. Level IV of the trophic level could be occupied by: Tiger

6. In the biosphere, the main land component is known as: Lithosphere

7. Identify the type of food chain: Goat → Nematodes → Saprotrophic bacteria Detritus food chain

8. The discipline of public health was established in Europe after: 1842

9. Sea water in the tropical belt heated above 27℃ may cause: Cyclones

10. Floods in which two countries result in two-thirds of total deaths caused by floods: India and
Bangladesh

11. The natural defence against tsunamis is: Coral

12. In UNESCO’s MAB programme, MAB stands for: Man and the Biosphere

13. Seed bank is an example of: Ex-situ conservation

14. A wide diversity in species composition indicates ecosystem is: Likely to be more stable in the long-
term

15. The fostering technique has been used to conserve: Whooping crane

16. Unattached organisms at air-water interface are known as: Neuston

17. Brackish water ecosystems include: Estuaries and mangroves

18. The average salinity in sea water is about: 3.5%

19. Which of the following is an open or heterotrophic system? River

20. Approximately 50% of the total world species are present in: Tropical rain forests

21. Genetic diversity is related to: Diversity in number and type of genes

22. Biodiversity hotspots are regions of high: Endemism

23. Which statement about biodiversity is NOT true? Vertebrates are the most abundant life forms on
Earth.

24. Ravine is formed due to: Soil erosion

25. Finer particles in waste water settle by using: Caustic soda

26. What percentage of global freshwater is available in liquid form? 5%

27. Which is NOT achieved by addition of manure? Decrease in soil salinity

28. Which of these is a non-conventional energy source? Atomic energy

29. Highest producer of mineral oil in India: Bombay High

30. Economic development leads to declining growth rates of per capita energy demand in: Residential
sector

31. ‘Sludge gas’ largely consists of: Methane

32. IPCC was established in: 1988

33. Which is NOT responsible for acid rain? CFCs

34. Which is NOT a part of Eight National Missions for climate change? National Mission for Hunger
and Poverty Eradication

35. Basel Convention is related to: Hazardous waste management

36. Main function of National Green Tribunal: Effective and expeditious disposal of cases on
environmental issues

37. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was amended in: 1987

38. Toxic gas released during Bhopal Gas Tragedy: Methyl isocyanate

39. Which is a primary pollutant? Sulphur dioxide

40. Depletion of oxygen in water harming aquatic life is caused by: Human sewage

41. Best method for disposal of radioactive nuclear waste: Underground disposal

42. Which is NOT a biological method of waste treatment? Conditioning

43. Which is NOT a factor requiring new environmental ethics? Changing food habits

44. Which economic significance statement about forests is NOT correct? It protects watersheds and
ensures perennial supplies of fresh water.

45. NOT one of the causes of deforestation: Rise in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

46. India needs about what percentage of total area under forest? 33%

47. Animal that excretes very concentrated urine: Nocturnal rodents

48. Attitude giving more value to humans than other organisms is known as: Anthropocentrism

49. Which is NOT an ENVIS Centre? Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai

50. MPN test is used to detect: E. coli

Environmental studies December 2022

1. Who developed the concept of determinism? Friedrich Ratzel

2. Which of the following is not one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals? Gender Equity

3. Which one of the following is a human modified environment? Dams

4. Which one of the following refers to a position in the food chain? Trophic level

5. In the biosphere, water component is known as: Hydrosphere

6. Sulphur cycle is an example of: Both gaseous and sedimentary cycle

7. Secondary consumers are: Carnivores

8. In coniferous forest, the soil is: Acidic and mineral deficient

9. Chameleons, agamids and geckos are found in: Tropical rainforest

10. Which species excretes concentrated urine and lives in the desert without drinking water?
Nocturnal rodent

11. Unattached aquatic organism at the air-water interface is called: Neuston

12. What is the percentage of freshwater in global water distribution? Less than 3%

13. Which one is a non-renewable resource? Mineral deposits

14. Average salinity of sea water is: 3.5%

15. Which is not achieved by addition of manure? Decrease in soil salinity

16. Which is not a supporting ecological function of forests? Reduces intensity of cyclones and floods

17. A consequence of deforestation is: Increase in soil erosion due to reduction in vegetation

18. Which is not a Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP)? Firewood

19. Which statement about India’s biodiversity is correct? Western Ghats have a very high degree of
species richness and endemism

20. An ecosystem with higher diversity will be: More complex, stable and resistant

21. Animal exclusively found in Brahmaputra Valley: Rhinoceros

22. Which is not a biodiversity hotspot? Vindhyas and Satpura region of Madhya Pradesh

23. What percentage of India’s energy needs is met by natural gas? About 8%

24. Sludge gas largely consists of: Methane

25. Which is not a non-conventional energy source? Fossil fuel

26. Not an adverse effect of dam construction in India: Increase in the groundwater level of the
surrounding region

27. Fostering conservation technique successful in: Whooping crane

28. Mangroves reduce erosion by acting as: Natural bulwark

29. Which is not an invasive species in India? Neem tree

30. Which is not a function of buffer zone? Hunting is permitted in this zone

31. Size of Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM): 10 – 20 µm

32. Phenomenon of increasing pollutant concentration in food chain: Biomagnification

33. Which is a primary pollutant? Carbon dioxide

34. High level of BOD indicates: Decreasing levels of dissolved oxygen in water

35. Underground disposal is preferred for: Radioactive nuclear wastes

36. Correct statements about single-use plastics: (i), (ii), and (iii) are correct

37. Eutrophication in water bodies is caused by: Phosphates and nitrates

38. Which is not true for CFCs? They are unaffected by UV radiation in upper atmosphere

39. Unit used to measure ozone concentration: Dobson

40. Percentage of solar radiation absorbed by atmospheric gases: 20%

41. Year environmental protection provision was added to Indian Constitution: 1976

42. Wildlife Protection Act was enacted in: 1972

43. Which is not among the 17 polluting industries listed by CPCB? Food processing

44. Projected world population by 2100: 11.2 billion

45. Match the environmental influence and category: (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

46. Area not falling under seismic zone in India: Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya
Pradesh

47. Chandi Prasad Bhatt was associated with: Chipko Movement

48. Teaching that values all organisms equally refers to: Biocentrism

49. Using English-only communication in non-English regions is an example of: Procedural inequity

50. Which is not an ENVIS Centre? Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai
Environmental studies June 2023

1. Who was the chairperson of the committee that submitted the report titled "Our Common Future"? Gro
Harlem Brundtland

2. Which one of the following is not human-made environment? Artificial lake

3. United Nations' Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 was organised at: Rio de
Janeiro

4. Which one of the following statements related to ecosystem is correct? Ecosystem represents enormous
contrast in size and complexity.

5. In food chain herbivores represent: Trophic level II

6. The large reservoir of sulphur on the earth's surface is: Soil and sediments

7. Which one of the following is known as the primary community? Lichen

8. The predominant predatory bird in desert ecosystem is: Gyps bengalensis

9. The unattached organism in an aquatic ecosystem which lives at the interface of air-water is known as:
Neuston

10. In ocean, the zone that is shallow and rich in species with high productivity is: Littoral

11. Which one of the following forests has the most diverse communities? Tropical rainforest

12. Loss of water in vapour form from the plant is known as: Transpiration

13. Which one of the following is an economic impact of drought? Loss of crop

14. The type of soil found in the Deccan Malwa plateau of Western and Central India is: Black soil

15. Which one of the following is not a major cause of land degradation? Development of watershed

16. Which one of the following statements about the tropical rainforest is not correct? The rainforests are
only found around Amazon and Nile basin.

17. It has been estimated that India needs what percentage area under forest to meet the ecological and
economic needs? 33%

18. NTFP stands for: Non-Timber-based Forest Product

19. Which one of the following diversity is known as the "fundamental currency of diversity"? Genetic
diversity

20. Which biogeographic zone covers the largest area in India? The Deccan peninsula

21. About two thirds of India's endemic plants are confined to: The Western Ghats

22. Which is not true about India as a mega biodiversity country? India has 6 hotspots out of 34 global
biodiversity hotspots.

23. In India the first wave and tidal energy project was set up at: Hansthal Creek in Gujarat

24. Which source contributes maximum electricity in India? Coal

25. Which source of energy is used most in rural India? Biomass

26. Maximum population that can be supported by the resources of the planet at a given level of
technology is known as: Biophysical carrying capacity

27. Example of selective destruction of species: Passenger pigeon

28. Invasive species in the semi-arid areas of India: Mesquite

29. Which one is not an ex-situ conservation method? National Parks and Sanctuaries

30. Match the wetlands with their states: Sunderbans - West Bengal, Harike - Punjab, Chilka - Odisha,
Bharatpur - Rajasthan

31. Which is a non-point source of pollution? Agricultural runoff

32. Which one is not a natural pollutant? Smog

33. TDS stands for: Total Dissolved Solids

34. Decibel-A (dbA) measures: Pitch and pressure of the sound

35. Which is not a characteristic of hazardous waste? Volatility

36. Which is a physical treatment of hazardous waste? Conditioning

37. Method generally used when industries lack vacant disposal space: Incineration

38. IPCC was established in: 1988

39. Maximum concentration of ozone is found in: Stratosphere

40. Which is not an effect of acid rain? Increase in temperature of the earth's surface

41. Earth Summit 2002 was organised at: Johannesburg

42. City with zonal branch of National Green Tribunal: Bhopal

43. Which article of the Indian Constitution mentions environmental protection by the state? Article 48 A

44. Major factor for population rise between 10,000 BC and 1800 AD: Increasing birth rates coincided with
the growth of agriculture

45. Which disease cannot be regarded entirely as genetic? Schizophrenia

46. Match the types with hazards: Atmospheric - Heat wave, Biological - Pest invasions, Geological -
Landslides, Hydrological - Floods

47. Silent Valley is located along which river? Kunthi

48. Which is not a factor for creating new environmental ethics? Advancement in science and technology

49. Who wrote the essay “The Land Ethics”? Aldo Leopold

50. Which statement is false? Environmental Engineering does not include subjects like civil engineering
and architecture.
Environmental studies December 2023

1. The concept of Sustainable Development was formally defined in: Brundtland Commission Report

2. Moving from pollution intensive economic production to environment friendly processes: Environmental
Transition

3. Which one of the following is not one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? Clean air

4. Decomposers are otherwise known as: Saprotrophs

5. Which one of the following statements related to ecosystem is false? All ecosystems have well defined
boundaries.

6. Water component of biosphere is known as: Hydrosphere

7. In which of the following trophic level quaternary consumers are found? Trophic level-V

8. In which type of forest hemlock, yew and maple trees are found? Temperate deciduous forest

9. Which one of the following is a predator of desert locust? White scavenger vultures

10. Organism found living at the bottom of the water mass is known as: Benthic

11. Which of the following oceanic zone is rich in species and high in productivity? Neritic zone

12. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource? Minerals

13. The total salt content in fresh water is: Below 0.3%

14. Which of the following soils is best suited for cotton? Black soil

15. Which one of the following is not a soil conservation method? Keeping the soil wet

16. Which one of the following is an economic significance of forests? Deriving products to be used as
insecticides and pesticides

17. Which of the following statements related to forest is not correct? It is directly responsible for vector-
borne diseases.

18. Deforestation leads to: Increased soil erosion

19. Which one of the following species is highest in number in the biodiversity? Insects and micro-
organisms

20. Which of the following biogeographic zone covers the largest area in India? The Deccan peninsula

21. Which of the following is a biological hotspot in India? The Western Ghats

22. Which one of the following is not an indirect use value of biodiversity? Cultural and religious value

23. Which one of the following is not a non-conventional source of energy? Atomic energy

24. Which of the following areas in India is considered to be suitable for geothermal energy? The North-
Western Himalaya
25. More than half of the energy need of India is met by: Coal

26. Urjagram refers to: Model villages were established to create awareness about judicious use of energy
resources.

27. Which of the following is an example of selective destruction? Passenger pigeons

28. Which one of the following animals is not a part of commercial hunting? Wild Ass

29. Which of the following is not an example of invasive species? Sweet pea

30. Which of the following is an example of in-situ conservation? National parks

31. Which of the following is a non-point source pollutant? Run-offs from agricultural fields

32. Which of the following is not a primary pollutant? Sulphuric acid

33. Standard level of RSPM in India is: 60 microgram per cubic metre

34. Coliform can be detected by conducting: MPN test

35. Which one of the following is not a waste minimisation method? Waste concentration

36. Which of the following is a biological treatment method of waste? Digestion

37. The best way to dispose nuclear waste is: Underground disposal

38. Which of the following is not a Green House Gas? Sulphur dioxide

39. Which one of the following is not one of the eight missions of National Action Plan on climate change?
National rural health mission

40. Ozone layer in the atmosphere is generally found in: Upper layer of the stratosphere

41. The principal bench of National Green Tribunal is located at: New Delhi

42. Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the ozone layer was agreed by nations in: 1987

43. The Basel Convention is related to: Chemicals and hazardous wastes

44. Which of the following diseases is not due to genetic influence? Schizophrenia

45. Match the following and find out the correct alternatives: a-iii, b-i, c-iv, d-ii

46. Which of the following region falls under high seismic zones in India? Rann of Kachchh

47. What could be the population of the world by 2100? 11.2 billion

48. Which of the following is not an ENVIS centre? Centre for Theoretical Studies (CTS), Indian Institute of
Science, Bengaluru

49. Which one of the following view towards the nature believes that all organisms on the Earth have
values and rights? Ecocentrism

50. Using English material to communicate to non-English speaking communities is an example of:
Procedural inequity
Environmental Studies – June 2024 Questions & Answers

1. Which one of the following is a natural environment? Forest

2. Who developed the concept of 'Determinism'? Friedrich Ratzel

3. Which of the following is not one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals? Quality health
care

4. Life does not exist beyond ... metres above mean sea level. 8000

5. Which one of the following is placed at trophic level V in an aquatic environment? Shark

6. The main reservoir of sulphur in the biosphere is: Soil and sediments

7. In ecological succession, the intermediate community stage is termed as: Sere

8. Ant eaters, giant flying squirrels, and sloths are found in: Tropical rain forest

9. An estuary is a transitional zone representing: Great productivity built on a large base

10. Which biome experiences intense heat and strong wind with a great desiccating action during
April and June? Desert biome

11. Which aquatic organism is found living at the bottom of the water mass? Benthos

12. Which of the following is a renewable resource? Forest

13. The process by which solid water changes directly to vapour phase is known as: Sublimation

14. Which one is not a traditional water management system in India? Sprinkler irrigation

15. Which one is not a measure to control soil erosion? Removing the bigger trees along the slope

16. Which one is an ecological significance of forest? Checks soil erosion

17. Crown fire takes place in the: Dense forest

18. Which act enables tribal and other forest dwellers? Forest Rights Act, 2006

19. Hotspots are regions of: High endemism

20. Which has the maximum genetic diversity in India? Mango

21. Which one is a use value of biodiversity? Aesthetic value

22. Which statement about biological diversity in India is not correct? India has 26 recognised
endemism centres

23. Which one is a non-conventional source of energy? Wind energy

24. Use of non-conventional sources of energy is: Pollution free

25. The most suitable fuel for a fuel cell is: Hydrogen

26. 'Sludge gas' largely consists of: Methane

27. Artificial insemination is useful for: Elephants

28. Fostering conservation technique is successful in: Whooping crane

29. Mangroves work against erosion by acting as: Natural bulwark

30. In UNESCO’s MAB programme, MAB stands for: Man and Biosphere

31. Which chemical is associated with Bhopal gas tragedy? Methyl Isocyanate

32. Measure of oxygen used by bacteria to decompose organic matter: BOD

33. Which is a biodegradable pollutant? Paper

34. Prescribed limit of noise pollution in India is: 50 dbA

35. Which is a physical treatment of waste? Conditioning

36. Best method of waste minimisation: Incineration

37. Phenomenon of increased concentration of pollutants along food chain: Biomagnification

38. pH value indicating acid deposition: A - 5.5

39. International Day for the Preservation of Ozone Layer is observed on: 16th September

40. Which statement about CFCs is not true? They are unaffected by UV radiation in upper
atmosphere

41. Year environmental protection provision added to Constitution: 1976

42. NBA has been set up under the: Biodiversity Act

43. Which is not a conservation project for endangered species? Camel

44. Study of origin of disease is called: Aetiology

45. Which is a genetic disease? Mongolism

46. Which is a geological disaster? Landslides

47. Chandi Prasad Bhatt was associated with: Chipko Movement

48. Which view considers nature as mother and cannot be tamed? Indian views

49. Environmental decision that affects certain ethnic groups represents: Social inequity

50. ENVIS centres are established by: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government
of India
Environmental Studies – December 2024 Questions & Answers

1. Which of the following is not one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? Gender
equity

2. Which one of the following is a human modified environment? Dams

3. Who said that the term 'sustainable development' is an oxymoron? Harman Daly

4. Which one of the following is a biotic component? Saprotrophs

5. Which one of the following statements is correct? Ecosystem represents enormous contrast in size and
complexity.

6. Which one of the following is a top carnivore? Vulture

7. The main reservoir of sulphur in the biosphere is the: Sediments

8. Hemlock and maples are found in: Temperate deciduous forest

9. On which animal are Calotes and Uromastyx predatory in the Thar desert? Desert locust

10. Organisms which remain attached to stems and roots of rooted plants are: Periphyton

11. The example of lotic freshwater ecosystem is: River

12. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource? Mineral deposits

13. The soil having low organic matter and low fertility is: Desert soil

14. The average salinity of sea water is: 3.5%

15. Ravine land is formed due to: Soil erosion

16. Which of the following regions covers more than 50% of plant species in the world? Tropical rain forest

17. In which activity does forest not play a significant role? Regeneration of carbon dioxide

18. India needs what percentage of its area under forest to meet ecological and economic needs? 33%

19. Which method of ex situ conservation provides genetic insurance? Seed bank

20. Invasive species which causes skin allergies is: Congress weed

21. Which was the first biosphere reserve in India? Nilgiri

22. Which of the following is not considered a fragile habitat? Deciduous forest

23. Which one is a biodegradable pollutant? Paper

24. Which one is predominantly an indoor pollutant? Formaldehyde

25. Which one is a photochemical oxidant? Ozone

26. Sludge gas largely consists of: Methane

27. Hotspots are regions of: High endemism

28. Which statement is not correct about India as a mega-biodiversity country? India has twelve
biogeographic regions.

29. Which is a non-use value of biodiversity? Bequest value

30. Which has maximum genetic diversity in India? Mango

31. A biomass gasifier converts: Solid fuel to gaseous fuel

32. Energy harnessed using photovoltaic cells comes from: Sun

33. Which region in India is the highest producer of oil? Bombay High

34. Which one is not a waste minimisation method? Landfill

35. Which is not a chemical treatment of waste? Conditioning

36. Method mostly used for disposal of nuclear waste: Underground disposal

37. Which waste management statement is true? Hospital waste has to be incinerated.

38. Which is related to climate change? Kyoto Protocol

39. Ozone layer is present in which range of atmosphere? 15–50 km

40. Which can cause skin cancer and cataract in humans? Ultraviolet radiation

41. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was enacted in: 1981

42. Principal Bench of National Green Tribunal is situated at: New Delhi

43. Environmental protection provision was made in the Constitution in: 1976

44. The study of origin of disease is called: Aetiology

45. Which is not located in the Taj Trapezium? Sugar mills of Saharanpur

46. Flooding in which two countries results in two-thirds of global death count? India and Bangladesh

47. Silent Valley is the narrow valley of which river? Kunthi

48. Which community does not have a strong sense of stewardship? Urban community

49. Holding a meeting in a remote area is: Procedural inequity

50. Main centre of Environmental Information System (ENVIS) is located at: New Delhi