1

168 CHAPTER 5 Applying Newton's laws

Exercises to keep a loaded 1967 Corvette of mass 1390 kg from rolling down
such a street?
Section 5.1 Using Newton's First Law:
5.8. A large wrecking ball is held in place by two light steel cables
Particles in Equilibrium (Fig. 5.43). If the mass m of the wrecking ball is 4090 kg, what are
5.1. Two 25.0-N weights are suspended at opposite ends of a rope (a) the tension TB in the cable that makes an angle of 40° with the
that passes over a light, frictionless pulley. The pulley is attached vertical and (b) the tension TA in the horizontal cable?
to a chain that goes to the ceiling. (a) What is the tension in the
rope? (b) What is the tension in the chain?
5.2. In Fig. 5.41 each of the suspended blocks has weight w. The Figure 5.43 Exercise 5.8.
pulleys are frictionless and the ropes have negligible weight. Cal­
culate, in each case, the tension T in the rope in terms of the
weight w. In each case, include the free-body diagram or diagrams
you used to determine the answer.

Figure 5.41 Exercise 5.2.

(a) (b) (c)

5.9. Find the tension in each cord in Fig. 5.44 if the weight of the
suspended object is w.

w Figure 5.44 Exercise 5.9.

w (a) (b)
w

5.3. A 75.0-kg wrecking ball hangs from a uniform heavy-duty

45°
chain having a mass of 26.0 kg. (a) Find the maximum and mini­ B
mum tension in the chain. (b) What is the tension at a point three­
fourths of the way up from the bottom ofthe chain?
5.4. An adventurous archaeologist crosses between two rock cliffs
by slowly going hand over hand along a rope stretched between
the cliffs. He stops to rest at the middle of the rope (Fig. 5.42). The
rope will break if the tension in it exceeds 2.50 X 104 N, and our
hero's mass is 90.0 kg. (a) If the angle 0 is 10.0°, find the tension in
the rope. (b) What is the smallest value the angle 0 can have if the
rope is not to break?

Figure 5.42 Exercise 5.4.

5.10. A 1l30-kg car is held in place by a light cable on a very

smooth (frictionless) ramp. as shown in Fig. 5.45. The cable makes
an angle of 31.0° above the surface of the ramp. and the ramp itself
rises at 25.0° above the horizontal. (a) Draw a free-body diagram
for the car. (b) Find the tension in the cable. (c) How hard does the
surface of the ramp push on the car?

Figure 5.45 Exercise 5.10.

5.5. A picture frame hung against a wall is suspended by two wires

attached to its upper corners. If the two wires make the same angle
with the vertical, what must this angle be if the tension in each
wire is equal to 0.75 of the weight of the frame? (Ignore any fric­
tion between the wall and the picture frame.)
5.6. Solve the problem in Example 5.5 using coordinate axes
where the y-axis is vertical and the x-axis is horizontal. Do you get
the same answers using this different set of axes?
5.7. Certain streets in San Francisco make an angle of 17.5° with
the horizontal. What force parallel to the street surface is required

I
I.
M
 Exercises 169

5.11. A man pushes on a piano with mass 180 kg so that it slides at does the surface of the ramp push on the ball? (c) What is the ten­
constant velocity down a ramp that is inclined at 11.0° above the sion in the wire?
horizontal floor. Neglect any friction acting on the piano. Calculate
the magnitude of the force applied by the man if he pushes (a) par­
allel to the incline and (b) parallel to the floor. Section 5.2 Using Newton's Second law:
5.12. In Fig. 5.46 the weight w is 60.0 N. (a) What is the tension in Dynamics of Particles
the dia.&onal s~ng? (b) Find the magnitudes of the horizontal 5.16. A 125-kg (including all the contents) rocket has an engine
forces F j and F2 that must be applied to hold the system in the that produces a constant vertical force (the thrust) of 1720 N. Inside
position shown. this rocket, a 15.5-N electrical power supply rests on the floor.
(a) Find the acceleration of the rocket. (b) When it has reached an
Figure 5.46 Exercise 5.12. altitude of 120 m, how hard does the floor push on the power sup­
ply? (Hint: Start with a free-body diagram for the power supply.)
5.17. Genesis Crash. On September 8, 2004, the Genesis space­
craft crashed in the Utah desert because its parachute did not open.
The 21O-kg capsule hit the ground at 311 km/h and penetrated the
soil to a depth of 81.0 cm. (a) Assuming it to be constant, what was
its acceleration (in m/s 2 and in g's) during the crash? (b) What
force did the ground exert on the capsule during the crash? Express
the force in newtons and as a multiple of the capsule's weight.
(c) For how long did this force last?
5.18. Three sleds are being pulled horizontally on frictionless hori­
w
zontal ice using horizontal ropes (Fig. 5.50). The pull is horizontal
and of magnitude 125 N. Find (a) the acceleration of the system
5.15. A solid uniform 45.0-kg ball Figure 5.47 Exercise 5.13. and (b) the tension in ropes A and B.
of diameter 32.0 cm is supported
against a vertical frictionless wall
using a thin 30.0-cm wire of negli­ Figure 5.50 Exercise 5.18.
gible mass, as shown in Fig. 5.47. 30.0 kg 20.0 kg [Link] Pull
(a) Make a free-body diagram for
: B FA ..
the ball and use it to find the ten­
sion in the wire. (b) How hard does
the ball push against the wall?
5.19. Atwood's Machine. A Figure 5.51 Exercise 5.19.
5.14. Two blocks, each with weight
15.0-kg load of bricks hangs
W, are held in place on a frictionless
from one end of a rope that
incline (Fig. 5.48). In terms of w
passes over a small, frictionless
and the angle IX of the incline, cal­
pulley. A 28.0-kg counterweight
culate the tension in (a) the rope
is suspended from the other end
connecting the blocks and (b) the rope that connects block A to the
of the rope, as shown in Fig. 5.51.
wall. (c) Calculate the magnitude of the force that the incline exerts
The system is released from rest.
on each block. (d) Interpret your answers for the cases IX == 0 and
(a) Draw two free-body dia­
IX = 90°.
grams, one for the load of bricks
Figure 5.48 Exercise 5.14. and one for the counterweight.
(b) What is the magnitude of the
upward acceleration of the load
of bricks? (c) What is the tension
in the rope while the load is mov­
15.0 kg
ing? How does the tension com­
pare to the weight of the load of bricks? To the weight of the
counterweight?
5.20. A [Link]-kg block of ice, released from rest at the top of a
1.50-m-long frictionless ramp, slides downhill, reaching a speed of
2.50 m/s at the bottom. (a) What is the angle between the ramp and
the horizontal? (b) What would be the speed of the ice at the bot­
Figure 5.49 Exercise 5.15.
5.15. A horizontal wire holds a tom if the motion were opposed by a constant friction force of
solid uniform ball of mass m in 10.0 N parallel to the surface of the ramp?
place on a tilted ramp that rises 5.21. A light rope is attached to a block with mass 4.00 kg that
35.0° above the horizontal. The rests on a frictionless, horizontal surface. The horizontal rope
surface of this ramp is perfectly passes over a frictionless, massless pulley, and a block with mass m
smooth, and the wire is directed is suspended from the other end. When the blocks are released, the
away from the center of the ball tension in the rope is 10.0 N. (a) Draw two free-body diagrams,
(Fig. 5.49). (a) Draw a free-body one for the [Link]-kg block and one for the block with mass m.
diagram for the ball. (b) How hard (b) What is the acceleration of either block? (c) Find the mass m of
 170 CHAPTER 5 Applying Newton's laws

the hanging block. (d) How does the tension compare to the weight Figure 5.52 Exercise 5.28.
of the hanging block?
feN)
5..22. Runway Design. A transport plane takes off from a level
landing field with two gliders in tow, one behind the other. The 75.0
mass of each glider is 700 kg, and the total resistance (air drag plus
friction with the runway) on each may be assumed constant and 50.0
equal to 2500 N. The tension in the towrope between the transport
plane and the first glider is not to exceed 12,000 N. (a) If a speed of 25.0
40 mls is required for takeoff, what minimum length of runway is
needed? (b) What is the tension in the towrope between the two o 25.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 125.0 150.0
gliders while they are accelerating for the takeoff?
5.23. A 750.0-kg boulder is raised from a quarry 125 m deep by a
long uniform chain having a mass of 575 kg. This chain is of uni­ on this block as a function of the pull. (a) Identify the regions of
form strength, but at any point it can support a maximum tension the graph where static and kinetic friction occur. (b) Find the coef­
no greater than 2.50 times its weight without breaking. (a) What is ficients of static and kinetic friction between the block and the
the maximum acceleration the boulder can have and still get out of table. (c) Why does the graph slant upward in the first part but then
the quarry, and (b) how long does it take to be lifted out at maxi­ level out? (d) What would the graph look like if a 135-N brick
mum acceleration if it started from rest? were placed on the box, and what would be the coefficients of fric­
5.24. Apparent Weight. A 550-N physics student stands on a tion be in that case?
bathroom scale in an 850-kg (including the student) elevator that is 5.29. A stockroom worker pushes a box with mass 11.2 kg on a
supported by a cable. As the elevator starts moving, the scale reads horizontal surface with a constant speed of 3.50 m/s. The coeffi­
450 N. (a) Find the acceleration of the elevator (magnitude and cient of kinetic friction between the box and the surface is 0.20.
direction). (b) What is the acceleration if the scale reads 670 N? (a) What horizontal force must the worker apply to maintain the
(c) If the scale reads zero, should the student worry? Explain. motion? (b) If the force calculated in part (a) is removed, how far
(d) What is the tension in the cable in parts (a) and (c)? does the box slide before coming to rest?
5.25. A physics student playing with an air hockey table (a fric­ 5.30. A box of bananas weighing 40.0 N rests on a horizontal sur­
tionless surface) finds that if she gives the puck a velocity of face. The coefficient of static friction between the box and the sur­
3.80 mls along the length (1.75 m) of the table at one end, by the face is 0.40, and the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.20. (a) If no
time it has reached the other end the puck has drifted 2.50 cm to horizontal force is applied to the box and the box is at rest, how
the right but still has a velocity component along the length of large is the friction force exerted on the box? (b) What is the mag­
3.80 m/s. She correctly concludes that the table is not level and nitude of the friction force if a monkey applies a horizontal force of
correctly calculates its inclination from the given information. 6.0 N to the box and the box is initially at rest? (c) What minimum
What is the angle of inclination? horizontal force must the monkey apply to start the box in motion?
5.26. A 2540-kg test rocket is launched vertically from the launch (d) What minimum horizontal force must the monkey apply to
pad. Its fuel (of negligible mass) provides a thrust force so that its keep the box moving at constant velocity once it has been started?
vertical velocity as a function of time is given by v (t) = (e) If the monkey applies a horizontal force of 18.0 N, what is the
At + Bt 2, where A and B are constants and time is measured from magnitude of the friction force and what is the box's acceleration?
the instant the fuel is ignited. At the instant of ignition, the rocket 5.31. A crate of 45.0-kg tools rests on a horizontal floor. You exert
has an upward acceleration of 1.50 m/s 2 and 1.00 s later an upward a gradually increasing horizontal push on it and observe that the
velocity of 2.00 m/s. (a) Determine A and B, including their SI crate just begins to move when your force exceeds 313 N. After
units. (b) At 4.00 s after fuel ignition, what is the acceleration of that you must reduce your push to 208 N to keep it moving at a
the rocket, and (c) what thrust force does the burning fuel exert on steady 25.0 cm/s. (a) What are the coefficients of static and kinetic
it, assume no air resistance? Express the thrust in newtons and as a friction between the crate and the floor? (b) What push must you
multiple of the rocket's weight. (d) What was the initial thrust due exert to give it an acceleration of 1.10 m/s 2? (c) Suppose you were
to the fuel? performing the same experiment on this crate but were doing it
on the moon instead, where the acceleration due to gravity is
1.62 m/s2. (i) What magnitude push would cause it to move?
Section 5.3 Frictional Forces (li) What would its acceleration be if you maintained the push in
5.27. Free-Body Diagrams. The first two steps in the solution part (b)?
of Newton's second-law problems are to select an object for 5.32. An 85-N box of oranges is being pushed across a horizontal
analysis and then to draw free-body diagrams for that object. floor. As it moves, it is slowing at a constant rate of 0.90 m/s each
Draw free-body diagrams for the following situations: (a) a mass second. The push force has a horizontal component of 20 N and a
M sliding down a frictionless inclined plane of angle a, and (b) a vertical component of 25 N downward. Calculate the coefficient of
mass M sliding up a frictionless inclined plane of angle a; (c) a kinetic friction between the box and floor.
mass M sliding up an inclined plane of angle a with kinetic fric­ 5.33. You are lowering two boxes, one on top of the other, down
tion present. the ramp shown in Figure 5.53 by pulling on a rope parallel to the
5.21. In a laboratory experiment on friction, a 135-N block resting surface of the ramp. Both boxes move together at a constant speed
on a rough horizontal table is pulled by a horizontal wire. The pull of 15.0 cm/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the ramp
gradually increases until the block begins to move and continues to and the lower box is 0.444, and the coefficient of static friction
increase thereafter. Figure 5.52 shows a graph of the friction force between the two boxes is 0.800. (a) What force do you need to
 Exercises 171

Figure 5.53 Exercise 5.33. coefficient of kinetic friction between each crate and the surface is
f..tk' The cra~ are pulled to the right at constant velocity by a hori­
zontal force F. In !;rms of mAo mB, and f..tk. calculate (a) the magni­
tude of the force F and (b) the tension in the rope connecting the
blocks. Include the free-body diagram or diagrams you used to
determine each answer.
5.38. RoUing Friction. Two bicycle tires are set rolling with the

T same initial speed of 3.50 m/s on a long, straight road, and the dis­
tance each travels before its speed is reduced by half is measured.
One tire is inflated to a pressure of 40 psi and goes 18.1 m; the
other is at 105 psi and goes 92.9 m. What is the coefficient of
rolling friction f..tr for each? Assume that the net horizontal force is
due to rolling friction only.
5.39. Wheels. You find that it takes a horizontal force of 160 N
to slide a box along the surface of a level floor at constant speed.
I<f--~---- 4.75 m - - - - - - " - ' The coefficient of static friction is 0.52, and the coefficient of
kinetic friction is 0.47. If you place the box on a dolly of mass
5.3 kg and with coefficient of rolling friction 0.018, what horizon­
tal acceleration would that 16O-N force provide?
exert to accomplish this? (b) What are the magnitude and direction
of the friction force on the upper box? 5.40. You find it takes 200 N of horizontal force to move an empty
pickup truck along a level road at a speed of 2.4 m/s. You then
5.34. Stopping Distance. (a) If the coefficient of kinetic friction
load the pickup and pump up its tires so that its total weight
between tires and dry pavement is 0.80, what is the shortest dis­
increases by 42% while the coefficient of rolling friction decreases
tance in which you can stop an automobile by locking the brakes
by 19%. Now what horizontal force will you need to move the
when traveling at 28.7 m/s (about 65 mi/h)? (b) On wet pavement
pickup along the same road at the same speed? The speed is low
the coefficient of kinetic friction may be only 0.25. How fast
enough that you can ignore air resistance.
should you drive on wet pavement in order to be able to stop in the
same distance as in part (a)? (Note: Locking the brakes is not the 5.41. As shown in Fig. 5.54, block A (mass 2.25 kg) rests on a
safest way to stop.) tabletop. It is connected by a horizontal cord passing over a light,
frictionless pulley to a hanging block B (mass 1.30 kg). The coeffi­
5.35. Coefficient of Friction. A clean brass washer slides along
cient of kinetic friction between block A and the tabletop is 0.450.
a horizontal clean steel surface until it stops. Using the values from
After the blocks are released from rest. find (a) the speed of each
Table 5.1, how many times farther would it slide with the same ini­
block after moving 3.00 cm and (b) the tension in the cord. Include
tial speed if the washer were Teflon-coated?
the free-body diagram or diagrams you used to determine the
5.36. Consider the system shown in Fig. 5.54. Block A weighs
45.0 N and block B weighs 25.0 N. Once block B is set into down­ answers.
5.42. A 25.0-kg box of textbooks rests on a loading ramp that
ward motion, it descends at a constant speed. (a) Calculate the
makes an angle O! with the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic
coefficient of kinetic friction between block A and the tabletop.
(b) A cat, also of weight 45.0 N, falls asleep on top of block A. If friction is 0.25, and the coefficient of static friction is 0.35. (a) As
the angle O! is increased, find the minimum angle at which the box
block B is now set into downward motion, what is its acceleration
(magnitude and direction)? starts to slip. (b) At this angle, find the acceleration once the box
has begun to move. (c) At this angle, how fast will the box be mov­
ing after it has slid 5.0 m along the loading ramp?
5.43. A large crate with mass m rests on a horizontal floor. The
Figure 5.54 Exercises 5.36 and 5.41; Problem 5.77.
coefficients of friction between the crate and the floor are f..ts and
f..tk' A woman pushes downward at an angle (J below the horizontal
on the crate with a force F. (a) What magnitude of force F is
required to keep the crate moving at constant velocity? (b) If p., is
greater than some critical value, the woman cannot start the crate
moving no matter how hard she pushes. Calculate this critical
value of f..ts'
5.44. A box with mass m is dragged across a level floor having a
coefficient of kinetic friction f..tk by a rope that is pulled upward at
5.17. Two crates connected by a rope lie on a horizontal surface an angle (J above the horizontal with a force of magnitude F. (a) In
(Fig. 5.55). Crate A has mass mA and crate B has mass mB' The terms of m, f..tk, (J, and g. obtain an expression for the magnitude of
force required to move the box with constant speed. (b) Knowing
that you are studying physics, a CPR instructor asks you how
Figure 5.55 Exercise 5.37. much force it would take to slide a 90-kg patient across a floor at
constant speed by pulling on him at an angle of 25° above the hor­
izontal. By dragging some weights wrapped in an old pair of pants
down the hall with a spring balance, you find that f..tk = 0.35. Use
the result of part (a) to answer the instructor's question.
 172 CHAPTER 5 Applying Newton's laws

5.45. Blocks A, B, and C are placed as in Fig. 5.56 and connected Figure 5.57 Exercise 5.52.
by ropes of negligible mass. Both A and B weigh 25.0 N each, and
the coefficient of kinetic friction between each block and the sur­
face is 0.35. Block C descends with constant velocity. (a) Draw
two separate free-body diagrams showing the forces acting on A
and on B. (b) Find the tension in the rope connecting blocks A and
B. (c) What is the weight of block C? (d) If the rope connecting A
and B were cut, what would be the acceleration of C?

Figure 5.56 Exercise 5.45.

a point 3.00 m from the central shaft. (a) Find the time of one rev­
olution of the swing if the cable supporting a seat makes an angle
of 30.0° with the vertical. (b) Does the angle depend on the weight
i
'j of the passenger for a given rate of revolution?
5.53. In another version of Figure 5.58 Exercise 5.53.
5.46. Starting from Eq. (5.10), derive Eqs. (5.11) and (5.12). the "Giant Swing" (see Exer­
5.47. (a) In Example 5.19 (Section 5.3), what value of D is
required to make VI 42 m/s for the skydiver? (b) If the sky­
cise 5.52), the seat is con­ 1
nected to two cables as shown
diver's daughter, whose mass is 45 kg, is falling through the air in Fig. 5.58, one of which is
and has the same D (0.25 kg/m) as her father, what is the daugh­ horizontal. The seat swings in
ter's terminal speed? a horizontal circle at a rate of
5.48. You throw a baseball straight up. The drag force is propor­ 32.0 rpm (rev/min). If the
tional to v 2• In terms of g, what is the y-component of the ball's seat weighs 255 N and a 825-N
acceleration when its speed is half its terminal speed and (a) it is person is sitting in it, find the
moving up? (b) It is moving back down? tension in each cable.
5.54. A small button placed on
Section 5.4 Dynamics of Circular Motion a horizontal rotating platform
5.49. A machine part consists of a thin 40.0-cm-long bar with with diameter 0.320 m will
small 1.15-kg masses fastened by screws to its ends. The screws revolve with the platform when it is brought up to a speed of
can support a maximum force of 75.0 N without pulling out. This 40.0 rev/min, provided the button is no more than 0.150 m from
bar rotates about an axis perpendicular to it at its center. (a) As the the axis. (a) What is the coefficient of static friction between the
bar is turning at a constant rate on a horizontal frictionless surface, button and the platform? (b) How far from the axis can the button
what is the maximum speed the masses can have without pulling be placed, without slipping, if the platform rotates at 60.0 rev/min?
out the screws? (b) Suppose the machine is redesigned so that the 5.55. Rotating Space Stations. One problem for humans living
bar turns at a constant rate in a vertical circle. Will one of the in outer space is that they are apparently weightless. One way around
screws be more likely to pull out when the mass is at the top of the this problem is to design a space station that spins about its center at
circle or at the bottom? Use a free-body diagram to see why. a constant rate. This creates "artificial gravity" at the outside rim of
(c) Using the result of part (b), what is the greatest speed the the station. (a) If the diameter of the space station is 800 m, how
masses can have without pulling a screw? many revolutions per minute are needed for the "artificial gravity"
5.50. A flat (unbanked) curve on a highway has a radius of acceleration to be 9.80 m/s 2 ? (b) If the space station is a waiting
220.0 m. A car rounds the curve at a speed of 25.0 m/s. (a) What is area for travelers going to Mars, it might be desirable to simulate
the minimum coefficient of friction that will prevent sliding? the acceleration due to gravity on the Martian surface (3.70 m/s 2 ).
(b) Suppose the highway is icy and the coefficient of friction How many revolutions per minute are needed in this case?
between the tires and pavement is only one-third what you found 5.56. The Cosmoclock 21 Ferris wheel in Yokohama City, Japan,
in part (a). What should be the maximum speed of the car so it can has a diameter of 100 m. Its name comes from its 60 arms, each of
round the curve safely? which can function as a second hand (so that it makes one revolu­
5.51. A 1125-kg car and a 2250-kg pickup truck aproach a curve tion every 60.0 s). (a) Find the speed of the passengers when the
on the expressway that has a radius of 225 m. (a) At what angle Ferris wheel is rotating at this rate. (b) A passenger weighs 882 N
should the highway engineer bank this curve so that vehicles trav­ at the weight-guessing booth on the ground. What is his apparent
eling at 65.0 mi/h can safely round it regardless of the condition of weight at the highest and at the lowest point on the Ferris wheel?
their tires? Should the heavy truck go slower than the lighter car? (c) What would be the time for one revolution if the passenger's
(b) As the car and truck round the curve at 65.0 mi/h, find the nor­ apparent weight at the highest point were zero? (d) What then
mal force on each one due to the highway surface. would be the passenger's apparent weight at the lowest point?
5.52. The "Giant Swing" at a county fair consists of a vertical cen­ 5.57. An airplane flies in a loop (a circular path in a vertical plane)
tral shaft with a number of horizontal arms attached at its upper of radius 150 m. The pilot's head always points toward the center
end (Fig. 5.57). Each arm supports a seat suspended from a cable of the loop. The speed of the airplane is not constant; the airplane
5.00 m long, the upper end of the cable being fastened to the arm at goes slowest at the top of the loop and fastest at the bottom. (a) At
 Problems 173

the top of the loop, the pilot feels weightless. What is the speed of objects in the problem that you can safely ignore their mass. But if
the airplane at this point? (b) At the bottom of the loop, the speed the rope is the only object in the problem, then clearly you cannot
of the airplane is 280 km/h. What is the apparent weight of the ignore its mass. For example, suppose we have a clothesline
pilot at this point? His true weight is 700 N. attached to two poles (Fig. 5.61). The clothesline has a mass M,
5.58. A 50.0-kg stunt pilot who has been diving her airplane verti­ e
and each end makes an angle with the horizontal. What are (a) the
cally pulls out of the dive by changing her course to a circle in a tension at the ends of the clothesline and (b) the tension at the low­
vertical plane. (a) If the plane's speed at the lowest point of the cir­ est point? (c) Why can't we have e = O? (See Discussion Ques­
cle is 95.0 mIs, what is the minimum radius of the circle for the tion Q5.3.) (d) Discuss your results for parts (a) and (b) in the limit
acceleration at this point not to exceed 4.00g? (b) What is the e
that ~ 90°. The curve of the clothesline, or of any flexible cable
apparent weight of the pilot at the lowest point of the pullout? hanging under its own weight, is called a catenary. [For a more
5.59. Stay Dry! You tie a cord to a pail of water, and you swing advanced treatment of this curve, see K. R. Symon, Mechanics, 3rd
the pail in a vertical circle of radius 0.600 m. What minimum ed. (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1971), pp. 237-241.]
speed must you give the pail at the highest point of the circle if no
water is to spill from it? Figure 5.61 Problem 5.63.
5.60. A bowling ball weighing 71.2 N (16.0 lb) is attached to the
ceiling by a 3.80-m rope. The ball is pulled to one side and
released; it then swings back and forth as a pendulum. As the rope
swings through the vertical, the speed of the bowling ball is
4.20 m/s. (a) What is the acceleration of the bowling ball, in mag­
nitude and direction, at this instant? (b) What is the tension in the
rope at this instant?
5.64. Another Rope with Mass. A block with mass M is
Problems attached to the lower end of a vertical, uniform rope with mass m
and length L. A constant upward force F is applied to the top of the
5.61. Two ropes are connected to Figure 5.59 Problem 5.61. rope, causing the rope and block to accelerate upward. Find the
a steel cable that supports a hang­ tension in the rope at a distance x from the top end of the rope,
ing weight as shown in Fig. 5.59. where x can have any value from 0 to L.
(a) Draw a free-body diagram 5.65. A block with mass ml is placed on an inclined plane with
showing all of the forces acting at slope angle a and is connected to a second hanging block with mass
the knot that connects the two ropes m2 by a cord passing over a small, frictionless pulley (Fig. 5.62).
to the steel cable. Based on your The coefficient of static friction is IL. and the coefficient of kinetic
force diagram, which of the two friction is ILk' (a) Find the mass m2 for which block ml moves up
ropes will have the greater tension? the plane at constant speed once it is set in motion. (b) Find the
(b) If the maximum tension either mass m2 for which block m] moves down the plane at constant
rope can sustain without breaking is 5000 N, determine the maxi­ speed once it is set in motion. (c) For what range of values of m2
mum value of the hanging weight that these ropes can safely sup­ will the blocks remain at rest if they are released from rest?
port. You can ignore the weight of the ropes and the steel cable.
5.62. In Fig. 5.60 a worker lifts a weight w by pulling down on a Figure 5.62 Problem 5.65.
rope with a force F. The upper pulley is attached to the ceiling by a
chain, and the lower pulley is attached to the weight by another chain.
In terms of w, find the tension in each chain and the magnitude of
the force Fif the weight is lifted at constant speed. Include the free­
body diagram or diagrams you used to determine your answers.
Assume that the rope, pulleys, and chains all have negligible weights.

Figure 5.60 Problem 5.62. / a

5.66. (a) Block A in Fig. 5.63 weighs 60.0 N. The coefficient of

static friction between the block and the surface on which it rests is

Figure 5.63 Problem 5.66.

5.63. A Rope with Mass. In most problems in this book, the

ropes, cords, or cables have so little mass compared to other w
174 CHAPTER 5 Applying Newton's laws

0.25. The weight w is 12.0 N and the system is in equilibrium. Find support a maximum tension of 35.0 N. (a) Find the minimum time
the friction force exerted on block A. (b) Find the maximum for this rocket to reach the sound barrier (330 m/s) without break­
weight w for which the system will remain in equilibrium. ing the inside wire and the maximum vertical thrust of the rocket
5.67. Block A in Fig. 5.64 weighs 1.20 N and block B weighs engines under these conditions. (b) How far is the rocket above the
3.60 N. The coefficient of kinetic friction between all surfaces is earth's surface when it breaks the sound barrier?
0.300. Find the magnitude of the horizontal force F necessary to 5.71. You are standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator in a tall
drag block B to the left at constant speed (a) if A rests on Band building. Your mass is 72 kg. The elevator starts from rest and
moves with it (Fig. 5.64a) and (b) if A is held at rest (Fig. 5.64b). travels upward with a speed that varies with time according to
v{t):= (3.0m/s 2 )t+ (0.20 m/s3 )t 2 • Whent = 4.0s, what is the
Figure 5.64 Problem 5.67. reading of the bathroom scale?
5.72. Elevator Design. You are designing an elevator for a hos­
(a) (b)
pital. The force exerted on a passenger by the floor of the elevator
is not to exceed 1.60 times the passenger's weight. The elevator
accelerates upward with constant acceleration for a distance of
3.0 m and then starts to slow down. What is the maximum speed of
the elevator?
5.73. You are working for a shipping company. Your job is to
stand at the bottom of a 8.0-m-long ramp that is inclined at 37°
5.68. A window washer pushes Figure 5.65 Problem 5.68. above the horizontal. You grab packages off a conveyor belt and
his scrub brush up a vertical win­ propel them up the ramp. The coefficient of kinetic friction

~.
dow at constant speed by applying between the packages and the ramp is [Link] = 0.30. (a) What speed
a force F as shown in Fig. 5.65. do you need to give a package at the bottom of the ramp so that it
The brush weighs 12.0 N and the
coefficient of kinetic friction is
[Link] 0.150. Calculate (a) the
I has zero speed at the top of the ramp? (b) Your coworker is sup­
posed to grab the packages as they arrive at the top of the ramp, but
she misses one and it slides back down. What is its speed when it
magnitude of the force F and returns to you?
(b) the normal force exerted by 5.74. A hammer is hanging by a light rope from the ceiling of a
the window on the brush. bus. The ceiling of the bus is parallel to the roadway. The bus is
5.69. The FIying Leap of a traveling in a straight line on a horizontal street. You observe that
Flea. High-speed motion pic­ the hammer hangs at rest with respect to the bus when the angle
tures (3500 framesl second) of a
jumping [Link] flea yielded the
data to plot the flea's acceleration
l between the rope and the ceiling of the bus is 74°. What is the
acceleration of the bus?
5.75. A steel washer is suspended inside an empty shipping crate
as a function of time as shown in Fig. 5.66. (See "The Flying Leap from a light string attached to the top of the crate. The crate slides
of the Flea," by M. Rothschild et al. in the November 1973 down a long ramp that is inclined at an angle of 37° above the hor­
Scientific American.) This flea was about 2 mm long and jumped izontal. The crate has mass 180 kg. You are sitting inside the crate
at a nearly vertical takeoff angle. Use the measurements shown (with a flashlight); your mass is 55 kg. As the crate is sliding down
on the graph to answer the questions. (a) Find the initial net the ramp, you find the washer is at rest with respect to the crate
external force on the flea. How does it compare to the flea's when the string makes an angle of 68° with the top of the crate.
weight? (b) Find the maximum net external force on this jumping What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the ramp and the
flea. When does this maximum force occur? (c) Use the graph to crate?
find the flea's maximum speed. 5.76. Lunch Time! You are riding your motorcycle one day
down a wet street that slopes downward at an angle of 20° below
Figure 5.66 Problem 5.69.
the horizontal. As you start to ride down the hill, you notice a con­
150 struction crew has dug a deep hole in the street at the bottom of the
hill. A Siberian tiger, escaped from the City Zoo, has taken up resi­
dence in the hole. You apply the brakes and lock your wheels at the
100 top of the hill, where you are moving with a speed of 20 m/s. The
inclined street in front of you is 40 m long. (a) Will you plunge
a/g into the hole and become the tiger's lunch, or do you skid to a stop
before you reach the hole? (The coefficients of friction between
50 your motorcycle tires and the wet pavement are f.t. = 0.90 and
[Link] 0.70.) (b) What must your initial speed be if you are to stop
just before reaching the hole?
O~------------~---L------- 5.77. In the system shown in Fig. 5.54, block A has mass m A , block
o 0.5 1.0 1.5 B has mass mB' and the rope connecting them has a nonzero mass
TIme (ms) mrope ' The rope has a total length L, and the pulley has a very small
radius. You can ignore any sag in the horizontal part of the rope.
5.70. A 25,OOO-kg rocket blasts off vertically from the earth's sur­ (a) If there is no friction between block A and the tabletop, find the
face with a constant acceleration. During the motion considered in acceleration of the blocks at an instant when a length d of rope
the problem, assume that g remains constant (see Chapter 12). hangs vertically between the pulley and block B. As block B falls,
Inside the rocket, a 15.0-N instrument hangs from a wire that can will the magnitude of the acceleration of the system increase,
 Problems 115

decrease, or remain constant? Explain. (b) Let rnA 2.00 kg, 5.83. Block A in Fig. 5.68 weighs 1.40 N, and block B weighs
rnB '= 0.400 kg, rnrope = 0.160 kg, and L 1.00 m. If there is fric­ 4.20 N. The coefficient of kinetic friction between all surfaces is
tion between block A and the tabletop, with /-Lk == 0.200 and 0.30. Find the magnitude of the horizontal force F necessary to
/-L, = 0.250, find the minimum value of the distance d such that drag block B to the left at constant speed if A and B are connected
the blocks will start to move if they are initially at rest. (c) Repeat by a light, flexible cord passing around a fixed, frictionless pulley.
part (b) for the case rnrope == 0.040 kg. Will the blocks move in this
case? Figure 5.68 Problem 5.83.
5.78. If the coefficient of static friction between a table and a uni­
form massive rope is /-L" what fraction of the rope can hang over
the edge of the table without the rope sliding?
5.79. A 30.0-kg packing case is initially at rest on the floor of a
1500-kg pickup truck. The coefficient of static friction between the
case and the truck floor is 0.30, and the coefficient of kinetic fric­
tion is 0.20. Before each acceleration given below, the truck is
traveling due north at constant speed. Find the magnitude and
direction of the friction force acting on the case (a) when the truck
accelerates at 2.20 m/s2 northward and (b) when it accelerates at
5.14. You are part of a design team for future exploration of the
3.40 m/s 2 southward.
planet Mars, where g = 3.7 m/s2• An explorer is to step out of a
5.80. Traffic Court. You are called as an expert witness in the
survey vehicle traveling horizontally at 33 m/s when it is 1200 m
trial of a traffic violation. The facts are these: A driver slammed on
above the surface and then fall freely for 20 s. At that time, a
his brakes and came to a stop with constant acceleration. Measure­
portable advanced propulsion system (PAPS) is to exert a constant
ments of his tires and the skid marks on the pavement indicate that
force that will decrease the explorer's speed to zero at the instant
he locked his car's wheels, the car traveled 192 ft before stopping,
she touches the surface. The total mass (explorer, suit, equipment,
and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the road and his tires
and PAPS) is 150 kg. Assume the change in mass of the PAPS to
was 0.750. The charge is that he was speeding in a 45-mi/h zone.
be negligible. Find the horizontal and vertical components of the
He pleads innocent. What is your conclusion, guilty or innocent?
force the PAPS must exert, and for what interval of time the PAPS
How fast was he going when he hit his brakes?
must exert it. You can ignore air resistance.
5.11. Two identical 15.0-kg balls, each 25.0 cm in diameter, are
5.85. Block A in Fig. 5.69 has a mass of 4.00 kg, and block B has
suspended by two 35.0-cm wires as shown in Fig. 5.67. The entire
mass 12.0 kg. The coefficient of kinetic friction between block B
apparatus is supported by a single I8.0-cm wire, and the surfaces
and the horizontal surface is 0.25. (a) What is the mass of block C
of the balls are perfectly smooth. (a) Find the tension in each of the
if block B is moving to the right and speeding up with an accelera­
three wires. (b) How hard does each ball push on the other one?
tion 2.00 m/s2 ? (b) What is the tension in each cord when block B
has this acceleration?
Figure 5.67 Problem 5.81.
Figure 5.69 Problem 5.85.

\8.0

5.86. Two blocks connected by a cord passing over a small, fric­

tionless pulley rest on frictionless planes (Fig. 5.70). (a) Which
way will the system move when the blocks are released from rest?
(b) What is the acceleration of the blocks? (c) What is the tension
in the cord?

Figure 5.70 Problem 5.86.

5.82. Losing Cargo. A 12.0-kg box rests on the flat floor of a

truck. The coefficients of friction between the box and floor are
/-L. = 0.19 and /-Lk '= 0.15. The truck stops at a stop sign and then
starts to move with an acceleration of 2.20 m/s2 • If the box is
1.80 m from the rear of the truck when the truck starts, how much
time elapses before the box falls off the truck? How far does the
truck travel in this time?
 176 (HAPTE R 5 Applying Newton's Laws

5.87. In terms of m I, m2, and g, find the accelerations of each block 5.92. Two blocks with masses 4.00 kg and 8.00 kg are connected
in Fig. 5.71. There is no friction anywhere in the system. by a string and slide down a 30.0° inclined plane (Fig. 5.74). The
coefficient of kinetic friction between the 4.00-kg block and the
Figure 5.71 Problem 5.87.
plane is 0.25; that between the 8.00-kg block and the plane is 0.35.
(a) Calculate the acceleration of each block. (b) Calculate the ten·
sian in the string. (c) What happens if the positions of the blocks
are reversed, so the 4.00-kg block is above the 8.00-kg block?

Figure 5.74 Problem 5.92.

5.88. Block B, with mass 5.00 kg, rests on block A, with mass
8.00 kg, which in tum is on a horizontal tabletop (Fig. 5.72). There
is no friction between block A and the tabletop, but the coefficient
of static friction between block A and block B is 0.750. A light
string attached to block A passes over a frictionless, massless pul­
5.93. Block A, with weight 3w, slides down an inclined plane S of
ley, and block C is suspended from the other end of the string.
slope angle 36.9° at a constant speed while plank B, with weight w,
What is the largest mass that block C can have so that blocks A and
rests on top of A. The plank is attached by a cord to the wall
B still slide together when the system is released from rest?
(Fig. 5.75). (a) Draw a diagram of all the forces acting on block A.
Figure 5.72 Problem 5.88. (b) If the coefficient of kinetic friction is the same between A and B
and between S and A, determine its value.

Figure 5.75 Problem 5.93.

5.89. Two objects with masses 5.00 kg and 2.00 kg hang 0.600 m
above the floor from the ends of a cord 6.00 m long passing over a
frictionless pulley. Both objects start from rest. Find the maximum
height reached by the 2.00-kg object.
5.90. Friction in an Elevator. You are riding in an elevator on
the way to the 18th floor of your dormitory. The elevator is accel­
erating upward with a 1.90 m/s 2. Beside you is the box contain­
S.94. Accelerometer. The system shown in Fig. 5.76 can be
ing your new computer; the box and its contents have a total mass
used to measure the acceleration of the system. An observer riding
of 28.0 kg. While the elevator is accelerating upward, you push
on the platform measures the angle 0 that the thread supporting the
horizontally on the box to slide it at constant speed toward the ele­
light ball makes with the vertical. There is no friction anywhere.
vator door. If the coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and
(a) How is 0 related to the acceleration of the system? (b) If
the elevator floor is ILk == 0.32, what magnitude of force must you
m l == 250 kg and m2 == 1250 kg, what is O? (c) If you can vary ml
apply?
and m2, what is the largest angle 0 you could achieve? Explain
5.91. A block is placed against the vertical front of a cart as shown
how you need to adjust m l and m2 to do this.
in Fig. 5.73. What acceleration must the cart have so that block A
does not fall? The coefficient of static friction between the block
Figure 5.76 Problem 5.94.
and the cart is IL,. How would an observer on the cart describe the
behavior of the block?

Figure 5.73 Problem 5.91.

Ball

Horizontal sutface
 Problems 177

Banked Curve I. A curve with a 120-m radius on a level (d) Before reaching the ground, the monkey grabs the rope to stop
is banked at the correct angle for a speed of 20 m/s. If an her fall. What do the bananas do?
tOTIllotllle rounds this curve at 30 mis, what is the minimum 5.100. You throw a rock downward into water with a speed of
weffilCleltlt of static friction needed between tires and road to pre­ 3mglk, where k is the coefficient in Eq. (5.7). Assume that the rela­
skidding? tionship between fluid resistance and speed is as given in Eq. (5.7),
J,96. Banked Curve II. Consider a wet roadway banked as in and calculate the speed of the rock as a function of time.
Example 5.23 (Section 5.4), where there is a coefficient of static 5.101. A rock with mass m = 3.00 kg falls from rest in a viscous
friction of 0.30 and a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.25 between medium. The rock is acted on by a net constant downward force of
the tires and the roadway. The radius of the curve is R 50 m. 18.0 N (a combination of gravity and the buoyant force exerted by
(a) If the banking angle is (3 = 25°, what is the maximum speed the medium) and by a fluid resistance force f ku, where v is the
the automobile can have before sliding up the banking? (b) What speed in mls and k == 2.20 N . slm (see Section 5.3). (a) Find the
is the minimum speed the automobile can have before sliding down initial acceleration ao. (b) Find the acceleration when the speed is
the banking? 3.00 m/s. (c) Find the speed when the acceleration equals [Link].
5.97. Maximum Safe Speed. As you travel every day to campus, (d) Find the terminal speed v,. (e) Find the coordinate, speed, and
the road makes a large tum that is approximately an arc of a circle. acceleration 2.00 s after the start of the motion. (f) Find the time
You notice the warning sign at the start of the tum, asking for a max­ required to reach a speed 0.9v,.
imum speed of 55 mi/h. You also notice that in the curved portion 5.102. A rock with mass m slides with initial velocity Vo on a hori­
the road is level-that is, not banked at alL On a dry day with very zontal surface. A retarding force FR that the surface exerts on the
little traffic, you enter the tum at a constant speed of 80 mi/h and rock is proportional to the square root of the instantaneous veloc­
feel that the car may skid if you do not slow down quickly. You con­ ity of the rock (FR -ku IJ2 ). (a) Find expressions for the veloc­
clude that your speed is at the limit of safety for this curve and you ity and position of the rock as a function of time. (b) In terms of
slow down. However, you remember reading that on dry pavement m, k, and vo, at what time will the rock come to rest? (c) In terms
new tires have an average coefficient of static friction of about 0.76, of m, k, and Vo, what is the distance of the rock from its starting
while under the worst winter driving conditions, you may encounter point when it comes to rest?
wet ice for which the coefficient of static friction can be as low as 5.103. A fluid exerts an upward buoyancy force on an object
0.20. Wet ice is not unheard of on this road, so you ask yourself immersed in it. In the derivation of Eq. (5.9) the buoyancy force
whether the speed limit for the tum on the roadside warning sign is exerted on an object by the fluid was ignored. But in some situa­
for the worst-case scenario. (a) Estimate the radius of the curve tions, where the density of the object is not much greater than the
from your 80-mi/h experience in the dry tum. (b) Use this estimate density of the fluid, you cannot ignore the buoyancy force. For a
to find the maximum speed limit in the tum under the worst wet-ice plastic sphere falling in water, you calculate the tefOilinal speed to
conditions. How does this compare with the speed limit on the sign? be 0.36 mls when you ignore buoyancy, but you measure it to be
Is the sign misleading drivers? (c) On a rainy day, the coefficient of 0.24 m/s. The buoyancy force is what fraction of the weight?
static friction would be about 0.37. What is the maximum safe speed 5.104. The 4.00-kg block in Figure 5.78 Problem 5.104.
for the tum when the road is wet? Does your answer help you under­
stand the maximum-speed sign?
strings. When the system
:r
:~. ~:: i:yatt~::~s to v~:~ r1
5.98. You are riding in a school bus. As the bus rounds a flat curve I
at constant speed, a lunch box with mass 0.500 kg, suspended from rotates about the axis of the
the ceiling of the bus by a string 1.80 m long, is found to hang at rod, the strings are extended as
rest relative to the bus when the string makes an angle of 30.0° shown in the diagram and the
with the verticaL In this position the lunch box is 50.0 m from the tension in the upper string is 2.00 m 4.00 kg
center of curvature of the curve. 80.0 N. (a) What is the tension
What is the speed v of the bus? Figure 5.77 Problem 5.99. in the lower cord? (b) How
5.99. The Monkey and many revolutions per minute
Bananas Problem. A 20-kg does the system make? (c) Find 11
monkey has a firm hold on a the number of revolutions per J.......
light rope that passes over a minute at which the lower cord ,.,
frictionless pulley and is just goes slack. (d) Explain
attached to a 20-kg bunch of what happens if the number of revolutions per minute is less than
bananas (Fig. 5.77). The monkey in part (c).
looks up, sees the bananas, and 5.105. Equation (5.1 0) applies to the case where the initial velocity
starts to climb the rope to get is zero. (a) Derive the corresponding equation for Vy (t) when the
them. (a) As the monkey climbs, 20 kg falling object has an initial downward velocity with magnitude Vo.
do the bananas move up, down, (b) For the case where Vo < v" sketch a graph of v, as a function
or remain at rest? (b) As the of t and label v, on your graph. (c) Repeat part (b) for the case
monkey climbs, does the dis­ where Vo > v,.(d) Discuss what your result says about vA t) when
tance between the monkey and Vo = v,.
the bananas decrease, increase, 5.106. A small rock moves in water, and the force exerted on it by
or remain constant? (c) The the water is given by Eq. (5.7). The terminal speed of the rock is
monkey releases her hold on the measured and found to be 2.0 m/s. The rock is projected upward at
rope. What happens to the dis­ an initial speed of 6.0 m/s. You can ignore the buoyancy force on
tance between the monkey and the rock. (a) In the absence of fluid resistance, how high will the
the bananas while she is falling? rock rise and how long will it take to reach this maximum height?
 178 CHAPTER 5 Applying Newton's Laws j
,
(b) When the effects of fluid resistance are included, what are the the tires of the motorcycle are not to lose contact with the sphere?
answers to the questions in part (a)? (b) At the bottom of the circle, his speed is twice the value calcu­
5.107. You observe a 1350-kg sports car rolling along flat pave­ lated in part (a). What is the magnitude of the normal force exerted
ment in a straight line. The only horizontal forces acting on it are a on the motorcycle by the sphere at this point?
constant rolling friction and air resistance (proportional to the 5.113. Ulterior Motives. You are driving a classic 1954 Nash
square of its speed). You take the following data during a time Ambassador with a friend who is sitting to your right on the pas­
interval of 25 s: When its speed is 32 mIs, the car slows down at a senger side of the front seat. The Ambassador has flat bench seats.
rate of -0.42 m/s 2, and when its speed is decreased to 24 mIs, it You would like to be closer to your friend and decide to use physics
slows down at -0.30 m/s2 • (a) Find the coefficient of rolling fric­ to achieve your romantic goal by making a quick tum. (a) Which
tion and the air drag constant D. (b) At what constant speed will way (to the left or to the right) should you tum the car to get your
this car move down an incline that makes a 2.20 angle with the friend to slide closer to you? (b) If the coefficient of static friction
horizontal? (c) How is the constant speed for an incline of angle fJ between your friend and the car seat is 0.35, and you keep driving
related to the terminal speed of this sports car if the car drops off a at a constant speed of 20 m/s. what is the maximum radius you
high cliff? Assume that in both cases the air resistance force is pro­ could make your tum and still have your friend slide your way?
portional to the square of the speed, and the air drag constant is the 5.114. A small block with mass m rests on a frictionless horizontal
same. tabletop a distance r from a hole in the center of the table
5.108. A 70-kg person rides in a 30-kg cart moving at 12 mls at the (Fig. 5.79). A string tied to the small block passes down through
top of a hill that is in the shape of an arc of a circle with a radius of the hole, and a larger block with mass M is suspended from the
40 m. (a) What is the apparent weight of the person as the cart free end of the string. The small block is set into uniform circular
passes over the top of the hill? (b) Determine the maximum speed motion with radius r and speed v. What must v be if the large
that the cart may travel at the top of the hill without losing contact block is to remain motionless when released?
with the surface. Does your answer depend on the mass of the cart
or the mass of the person? Explain. Figure 5.79 Problem 5.114.
5.109. Merry-Go-Round. One December identical twins Jena
and Jaclde are playing on a large merry-go-round (a disk mounted
parallel to the ground, on a vertical axle through its center) in their
school playground in northern Minnesota. Each twin has mass
30.0 kg. The icy coating on the merry-go-round surface makes it
frictionless. The merry-go-round revolves at a constant rate as the
twins ride on it. Jena, sitting 1.80 m from the center of the merry­
go-round, must hold on to one of the metal posts attached to the
merry-go-round with a horizontal force of 60.0 N to keep from
M
sliding off. Jaclde is sitting at the edge, 3.60 m from the center.
(a) With what horizontal force must Jaclde hold on to keep from
falling off? (b) If Jaclde falls off, what will be her horizontal veloc­
ity when she becomes airborne?
5.110. A passenger with mass 85 kg rides in a Ferris wheel like that
in Example 5.24 (Section 5.4). The seats travel in a circle of radius
5.115. A small bead can slide without friction on a circular hoop
that is in a vertical plane and has a radius of 0.100 m. The hoop I
35 m. The Ferris wheel rotates at constant speed and makes one
complete revolution every 25 s. Calculate the magnitude and direc­
rotates at a constant rate of 4.00 revls about a vertical diameter
(Fig. 5.80). (a) Find the angle fJ at which the bead is in vertical ~1
J
tion of the net force exerted on the passenger by the seat when she equilibrium. (Of course, it has a radial acceleration toward the
is (a) one-quarter revolution past her lowest point and (b) one­
quarter revolution past her highest point.
axis.) (b) Is it possible for the bead to "ride" at the same elevation
as the center of the hoop? (c) What will happen if the hoop rotates j
5.111. On the ride "Spindletop" at the amusement park Six Flags at 1.00 rev/s?
Over Texas, people stood against the inner wall of a hollow verti­
cal cylinder with radius 2.5 m. The cylinder started to rotate, and Figure 5.80 Problem 5.115.
when it reached a constant rotation rate of 0.60 revIs, the floor on
which people were standing dropped about 0.5 m. The people
remained pinned against the wall. (a) Draw a force diagram for a
,>
person on this ride, after the floor has dropped. (b) What minimum
coefficient of static friction is required if the person on the ride is
not to slide downward to the new position of the floor? (c) Does
your answer in part (b) depend on the mass of the passenger?
(Note: When the ride is over, the cylinder is slowly brought to rest.
As it slows down, people slide down the walls to the floor.)
5.112. A physics major is worldng to pay his college tuition by per­
forming in a traveling carnivaL He rides a motorcycle inside a hol­
low transparent plastic sphere. After gaining sufficient speed. he
travels in a vertical circle with a radius of 13.0 m. The physics
major has mass 70.0 kg, and his motorcycle has mass 40.0 kg.
(a) What minimum speed must he have at the top of the circle if
 Challenge Problems 179

5.116. A model airplane with mass 2.20 kg moves in the xy-plane 5.119. A small block with mass Figure 5.83 Problem 5.119.
such that its x- and y-coordinates vary in time according to m is placed inside an inverted
x(t) Ct - f3t 3 and yet) := yt - 6t 2, where Ct J.50m, f3 = cone that is rotating about a ver­
0.120 mls3 , y := 3.00 mIs, and 6 = 1.00 m/s 2. (a) Calculate the tical axis such that the time for
x- and y-components of the net force on the plane as functions of one revolution of the cone is T
time. (b) Sketch the trajectory of the airplane between t = 0 and
t = 3.00 s, and draw on your sketch vectors showing the net force
on the airplane at t = 0, t = 1.00 s, t = 2.00 s, and t = 3.00 s. For
(Fig. 5.83). The walls of the
cone make an angle f3 with the
vertical. The coefficient of static
./m
each of these times, relate the direction of the net force to the
direction that the airplane is turning, and to whether the airplane is
speeding up or slowing down (or neither). (c) What are the magni­
friction between the block and
the cone is ILs' If the block is to
remain at a constant height h
T
h
I.~'
tude and direction of the net force at t = 3.00 s? above the apex of the cone, what \
5.117. A particle moves on a frictionless surface along a path as are the maximum and minimum , I
\1
shown in Fig. 5.81. (The figure gives a view looking down on the values of T?
surface.) The particle is initially at rest at point A and then begins
to move toward B as it gains speed at a constant rate. From B to C,
the particle moves along a circular path at a constant speed. The
Challenge Problems f>
I
speed remains constant along the straight-line path from C to D. 5.120. Moving Wedge. A wedge
From D to E, the particle moves along a circular path, but now its with mass M rests on a frictionless, horizontal tabletop. A block
speed is decreasing at a constant rate. The speed continues to with mass m is placed on the wedge (Fig. 5.84a). There is no fric­
decrease at a constant rate as the particle moves from E to F; the tion between the block and the wedge. The system is released from
particle comes to a halt at F. (The time intervals between the rest. (a) Calculate the acceleration of the wedge and the horizontal
marked points are not equal.) At each point marked with a dot, and vertical components of the acceleration of the block. (b) Do
draw arrows to represent the velocity, the acceleration, and the net your answers to part (a) reduce to the correct results when M is
force acting on the particle. Draw longer or shorter arrows to rep­ very large? (c) As seen by a stationary observer, what is the shape
resent vectors of larger or smaller magnitude. of the trajectory of the block?

Figure 5.84 Challenge Problems 5.120 and 5.121.

Figure 5.81 Problem 5.117.
(a) (b)
1--.----...... --1-­
A B .... ,
\
•
-t c
\ 4f 1.....- '4f
•
I
TD
~
5.121. A wedge with mass M rests on a frictionless horizontal
tabletop. A block with mass m is placed on the wedge and a hori­
zontal force F is applied to the wedge (Fig. 5.84b). What must the
magnitude of F be if the block is to remain at a constant height
5.118. A small remote-control car with mass 1.60 kg moves at a
above the tabletop?
constant speed of u = 12.0 mls in a vertical circle inside a hollow
[Link]. A box of weight w is accelerated up a ramp by a rope that
metal cylinder that has a radius of 5.00 m (Fig 5.82). What is the
exerts a tension T. The ramp makes an angle Ct with the horizontal,
magnitude of the normal force exerted on the car by the walls of
and the rope makes an angle 0 above the ramp. The coefficient of
the cylinder at (a) point A (at the bottom of the vertical circle) and
kinetic friction between the box and the ramp is ILk' Show that no
(b) point B (at the top of the vertical circle)?
matter what the value of Ct, the acceleration is maximum if
o arctanILk (as long as the box remains in contact with the
Figure 5.82 Problem 5.118. ramp).
5.123. Angle for Minimum Force. A box with weight w is

"',
B
pulled at constant speed along a level floor by a force F that is at
an angle 0 above the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction

v~m/s ~, between the floor and box is ILk' (a) In terms of 0, ILk' and w, calcu­
late F. (b) For w '= 400 Nand f.1-k = 0.25, calculate F for 0 rang­
5.00m ing from 0° to 90° in increments of 10°. Graph F versus O.
/ (c) From the general expression in part (a), calculate the value of

) ofor which the value of F, required to maintain constant speed, is

a minimum. (Hint: At a point where a function is minimum, what
are the first and second derivatives of the function? Here F is a
function of 0.) For the special case of w 400 N and ILk 0.25, 0=

evaluate this optimal 0 and compare your result to the graph you
A constructed in part (b).
180 CHAPTER 5 Applying Newton's laws

5.124. Falling Baseball. You drop a baseball from the roof of a your expressions give for the special case of ml = m2 and m3 =
tall bUilding. As the ball fails, the air exerts a drag force propor­ ml + m2? Is this sensible?
tional to the square of the ball's speed (j = Du 2 ). (a) In a dia­ 5.126. The masses of blocks A and B in Fig. 5.86 are 20.0 kg and
gram, show the direction of motion and indicate, with the aid of 10.0 kg, respectively. The blocks are initially at rest on the floor
vectors, aU the forces acting on the ball. (b) Apply Newton's sec­ and are connected by a massless string passing over a massless
ond law and infer from the resulting equation the general proper­ and frictionless pulley. An upward force F is applied to the pul­
ties of the motion. (c) Show that the ball acquires a terminal speed ley. Find the accelerations aAof block A and a8
ofblockB when F
that is as given in Eq. (5.13). (d) Derive the equation for the speed is (a) 124 N; (b) 294 N; (c) 424 N.
at any time. (Note:
Figure 5.86 Challenge Problem 5.126.
J
where
eX - e -x e2x - 1
tanh(x) = eX +e x
=
+ I
defines the hyperbolic tangent.)
5.125. Double Atwood's Machine. In Fig. 5.85 masses m 1 and
m2 are connected by a light string A over a light, frictionless pulley
B. The axle of pulley B is connected by a second light string Cover
a second light, frictionless pulley D to a mass m3' Pulley D is
suspended from the ceiling by an attachment to its axle. The sys­ 20.0 kg 10.0 kg
tem is released from rest. In terms of ml, m2. m3, and g, what are
(a) the acceleration of block m3; (b) the acceleration of pulley B;
(c) the acceleration of block m l ; (d) the acceleration of block m2; 5.127. A ball is held at rest at position A in Fig. 5.87 by two light
(e) the tension in string A; (f) the tension in string C? (g) What do strings. The horizontal string is cut and the ball starts swinging as a
pendulum. Point B is the farthest to the right the ball goes as it
Figure 5.85 Challenge Problem 5.125. swings back and forth. What is the ratio of the tension in the sup­
porting string in position B to its value at A before the horizontal
string was cut?

Figure 5.87 Challenge Problem 5.127.