Government Engineering College, Bharuch

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Assignment-1
Semester: I/II
Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (BE01000081)
Topic: Properties of Gases

1. In air compressor, air enters at 1.013 bar and 27 0C having volume of 5 m3/ kg and it is
compressed to 12 bar isothermally. Determine (i) work done (ii) heat transfer, and (iii)
change in internal energy (iv) change in enthalpy.

2. A balloon of spherical shape 6 m in diameter is filled with hydrogen gas at a pressure of 1

bar absolute and 20°C. At a later time, the pressure of gas is 94 per cent of its original
pressure at the same temperature: 1) What mass of original gas must have escaped if the
dimension of the balloon is not changed? 2) Find the amount of heat to be removed to
cause the same drop in pressure at constant volume. Take molecular weight for hydrogen,
M = 2 and specific heat constant volume for hydrogen, cv = 10400 J/kg.K

3. A cylinder contains 0.6 m3 of a gas at a pressure of 1 bar and 90 °C. The gas is
compressed to a volume of 0.18 m3 by the law PVn = C. The pressure of gas at the end of
compression is 5 bar. Calculate: (1) Mass of gas (2) value of index n (3) The change in
internal energy of the gas. (4) Work done (5) The heat received or rejected by the gas
during the process. Take γ =1.4 and R= 0.294 kJ/kg K.

4. One cubic meter of air at pressure of 1.5 bar and 80oC is compressed to final pressure 8
bar and volume 0.28 m3. Determine (i) mass of air (ii) index of ‘n’ compression (iii)
change in internal energy (iv)Heat transfer during compression. Take γ = 1.4 and R= 287
J/kg K.

5. Determine the work done in compressing one kg of air from a volume of 0.15m 3 at a
pressure of 1 bar to a volume of 0.05 m3, when the compression is 1) adiabatic 2)
isothermal. Take ᵞ = 1.4. Give your comments.

6. One kg of gas is compressed polytropically from 160 kpa pressure and 280 K temperature
to 760 KPa. The compression is according to law PV1.3= Constant. Find: (1) Final
Temperature (2) work done (3) change in internal energy (4) amount of heat transfer and
(5) change in enthalpy. Take R=0.287 KJ/Kg K and Cp= 1.002 KJ/Kg K.

7. 1 kg of air at 9 bar pressure and 80o C temperature undergoes a non-flow work polytropic
process. The law of expansion is PV1.1 = C. The pressure falls to 1.4 bar during process.
 Calculate (1) Final temperature (2) Work done (3) Change in internal energy (4) Heat
exchange. Take R=287 J/kg and γ = 1.4 for air.

8. A steel cylinder contains O2 at pressure of 25 bar and temperature of 270C, After using
some quantity of the gas the pressure was found to be 5 bar and temperature of 200C.700
liters of O2 was originally put in the cylinder at NTP Density of O2 at NTP is 1.43
gm/liter. Find the mass of O2 used.

9. 0.3m3 of air of mass 1 kg at an initial pressure of 5.5 bar expands to a final volume of
0.5m3 If the expansion is according to the law pv1.3= C, Find the work done, the change
in internal energy and heat received or rejected during the process. Take Cv = 0.708 kJ/kg
K and R = 0.287 kJ/kg K for air.
 Assignment-2
Semester: I/II
Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (BE01000081)
Topic: Properties of Steam

1 Determine the quality of steam for the following cases:

(i) P= 10 bar, v = 0.180 m3/kg
(ii) P= 10 bar, t= 200°C
(iii) P=25 bar , h = 2750 kJ/kg

2 Determine enthalpy and internal energy of 1 kg of steam at a pressure of 12 bar

when (i) the dryness fraction of steam is 0.8 (ii) steam is dry and saturated (iii)
steam is superheated to 280 °C. Take Cps = 2.1 kJ/kg K.
3 Find the internal energy of 1 kg of steam at a pressure of 15 bar when steam is
(1) Super-heated at a temperature of 400 °C and
(2) Wet with dryness fraction of 0.9.
Take specific heat of superheated steam as 2.1 kJ/kg-K.

4 Three kg of steam at a pressure of 10 bar exists in the following conditions.

Calculate its enthalpy and internal energy in each of the cases.
1. Steam with x = 0.91
2. Steam at temperature 200 °C

5 How much heat is needed to convert 4 kg of water at 20°C into steam at 8 bar
and 200 °C. Take Cp of superheated steam as 2.1 kJ/kg K and specific heat of
water as 4.187 kJ/kg K.

6 Calculate the total amount of heat required to produce 6 kg of steam at a

pressure of 6 bar and temperature of 258 °C from the water at 30 °C. Take
specific heat of steam = 2.1 kJ/kg-K. and the specific heat of water = 4.187
kJ/kg-K.

7 1.5 kg of steam at a pressure of 10 bar and temperature of 250 °C is expanded

until the pressure becomes 2.8 bar. The dryness fraction of steam is then 0.9.
Calculate change in internal energy.

8 Calculate the internal energy of 1 kg of superheated steam at a pressure of 10 bar

and 280°C. If this steam is to be expanded to a pressure of 1.6 bar and 0.8 kg
dry, determine the change in internal energy. Assume specific heat of
superheated steam as 2.1 kJ /kg K.

9 Calculate the internal energy per kg of superheated steam at 10 bar and a

temperature of 300°C. Find also change in internal energy if this steam is
expanded to 1.4 bar and dryness fraction 0.8.
10 1.5kg of steam at a pressure of 10bar and temperature of 250°C is expanded
until the pressure becomes 2.8 bars. The dryness fraction of steam is then 0.9.
Calculate change in Internal Energy.
 Assignment-3
Semester: I/II
Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (BE01000081)
Topic: Heat

(1) In an ideal Otto cycle the air at the beginning of isentropic compression is at 1 bar and 15
°C. The ratio of compression is 8. If the heat added during the constant volume process is
1000 kJ/kg, determine (a) the maximum temperature in the cycle, (b) the air standards
efficiency (C) work done per kg of air.

(2) Determine the efficiency of air standard Carnot cycle with the following data:
Minimum temperature of the cycle =27 °C
Minimum pressure in the cycle = 1 bar
Pressure after isothermal compression =4.5 bar
Pressure after isentropic compression =12 bar
Take R = 0.287 KJ/kg K. Determine also power produced if engine makes 3 cycle/sec.

(3) A Carnot cycle works with isentropic compression ratio of 6 and isothermal expansion
ratio of 2. The volume of air at the beginning of isothermal expansion is 0.2 m 3. If Tmax
and pmax is limited to 600 K and 20 bar respectively, determine: (i) minimum pressure
during the cycle, (ii) thermal efficiency of cycle. Show the T-s and p-v diagram.

(4) The compression ratio of an ideal air standard diesel cycle is 15. Heat supplied at
constant pressure is 1470 kJ/kg of air. Show the cycle on p-v diagram and determine the
cycle efficiency if inlet conditions are 300 K and 1 bar.

(5) Calculate the air standard efficiency of the diesel cycle where the pressure and
temperature at the beginning of compression process are 1 bar and 27 ℃ respectively.
The compression ratio is 14 and the constant pressure heat addition continues up to 7% of
the stroke volume. Draw this Diesel cycle on p-v diagram.

(6) Calculate the air standard efficiency of an Otto Cycle engine having a bore of 100 mm
and stroke length equal to 150 mm. The clearance volume of cylinder is equal to 250
cm3. Take ᵞ = 1.4.

(7) A diesel engine works on Diesel cycle with a compression ratio of 15 and cut off ratio of
1.75. Calculate the air standard efficiency. Assume ℽ= 1.4.
(8) In an Otto cycle the temperature at the beginning and end of the isentropic compression
are 316 K and 596 K respectively. Determine the air standard efficiency and compression
ratio. Assume γ=1.4

(9) An air standard Otto cycle has compression ratio of 6. The temperature at the start of
compression is 25 °C and pressure is 1 bar. If the maximum temperature of the cycle is
1150 °C. Calculate (a) the heat supplied and heat rejected per kg of air (b) network done
per kg of air and (c) thermal efficiency of cycle. Assume γ=1.4, Cv= 0.778 kJ/kg K for
air.

(10) The engine working on ideal Otto cycle. The temperature at the beginning and at
the end of compression is 500 °C and 4000 °C. Calculate the air standard efficiency and
compression ratio.

(11) Consider a steam power plant operating on the simple ideal Rankine cycle. Steam
enters the turbine at 3 MPa and 350°C and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of
74 kPa. Draw the T-s diagram and determine the thermal efficiency of this cycle. (Do not
neglect the pump work.)

(12) It is required to find out the efficiency of an air standard Carnot Cycle with the
following data. Minimum temperature of cycle 150 °C, minimum pressure in cycle 1 bar.
Pressure after isothermal compression 3.5 bar. Pressure after isentropic compression 10.5
bar. Assume R=0.287 KJ/kgK for air. What power would be produced if engine makes 2
cycles/second.

(13) An engine operation on an air-standard Otto cycle has a compression ratio equal
to 7. The conditions at the start of compression are 0.1 MPa and 300 K. The pressure at
the end of heat addition is 4 MPa. Determine: (i) thermal efficiency, (ii) net work done
per kg of air. Take Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg , and γ = 1.4
 Assignment-4
Semester: I/II
Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (BE01000081)
Topic: IC Engines
1. A petrol engine with a stroke length of 200 mm and diameter of 150 mm has a clearance
volume of 7 X 105 mm3. If the indicted thermal efficiency is 0.30, find the relation efficiency.
If the effective pressure is 5 bar and engine runs at 1000 rpm. Find the IP of the engine. take
γ=1.4

2. A 4 cylinder, 4 stroke marine oil engine has a cylinder diameter of 490 mm and a piston
stroke of 1000 mm. the engine uses 130 kg of fuel of calorific value 42000 KJ/kg in one hour
when running at 2 rev/sec. the torque transmitted at the engine coupling is 22 KN.m and
indicated mean effective pressure 710 KN/m2. Determine (1) Indicated power (2) Brake
power (3) Brake thermal efficiency (4) Mechanical efficiency (5) Indicated thermal
efficiency.

3. A two-cylinder four stroke petrol engine has swept volume of 1.1 x 10-3 m3. It run at 950 rpm
and consume 2.2 kg of petrol per hour having calorific value of 43000 KJ/kg. The mean
effective pressure in both cylinder is 7.5 bar. Determine indicated thermal efficiency if
clearance volume is 15% of swept volume.

4. Indicated power of a 6-cylinder 4-stroke engine is 150 kW at an average piston speed of 300
m/min. Stroke to bore ratio is 1.25. If mean effective pressure is 650 kN/m2, determine
crankshaft speed.

5. A 4-cylinder 4-stroke petrol engine has a bore 60 mm and a stroke of 90 mm. The rated
speed is 2800 rpm and torque is 55 N-m. Fuel consumption is 6.75 litre/hr. Specific gravity
of petrol is 0.76 and calorific value is 44200 kJ/kg. Calculate brake power, brake mean
effective pressure, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption.

6. A Diesel engine develops 5 kW brake power at a speed of 1000 rpm. The mechanical
efficiency of the engine is 75% and indicated thermal efficiency is equal to 30 %. The diesel
fuel having specific gravity = 0.87 and calorific value = 42700 kJ/kg is used. Calculate: 1.
Fuel consumption in kg/h. 2. Brake thermal efficiency 3. Brake specific fuel consumption.

7. The following readings were observed during a test on Two Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel
engine: Bore = 22 cm
Stoke = 28 cm
Speed = 350 rpm
Net brake load = 65 kg
Effective brake drum diameter = 100 cm
 Mean Effective Pressure = 3 bar
Fuel consumption = 4 kg/h
Calorific value of fuel = 43 MJ
Calculate: (1) Indicated Power (2) Brake Power (3) Mechanical Efficiency (4) Brake
thermal Efficiency

8. Determine the brake thermal efficiency of an engine with following data:

Brake Power = 80 kW
Fuel consumption rate = 20 kg/hour Calorific value of the fuel = 43 MJ/kg

9. During a trial on single cylinder oil engine, working on the four stroke cycle and fitted with
rope brake the following readings were taken, Effective diameter of brake wheel= 630mm,
dead load on the brake=200N, spring balance reading=30N, Speed =450rpm, Area of
indicator diagram=420mm2, length of indicator diagram=60mm, spring scale=1.1 bar per
mm, diameter of cylinder=100mm, stroke=150mm, quantity of oil used =0.815kg/hr,
calorific fuel of oil =42,000k J /kg, Calculate brake power, indicated power, mechanical
efficiency, brake thermal efficiency, and brake specific fuel consumption.

10. A 4-cylinder, two-stroke cycle petrol engine develops 30 kW at 2500 rpm. The mean
effective pressure on each piston is 8 bar and mechanical efficiency is 80%. Calculate the
diameter and stroke of each cylinder if stroke to bore ratio is 1.5. Also the fuel consumption
of engine, if brake thermal efficiency is 28% and calorific value is 43900 kJ/kg.

11. The following reading were taken during the test on a single cylinder four stroke oil engine:
Cylinder diameter =270 mm
Stroke length= 380 mm
Mean effective pressure= 6 bar
Engine speed=250 rpm
Net load on brake =1000 N
Effective mean diameter of brake=1.5 m
Fuel used = 10 kg/hr
C.V of fuel = 44400KJ/kg
Calculate: (1) Brake power (2) Indicated power (3) Indicated thermal efficiency

12. Two cylinder four stroke diesel has total swept volume of 870cm3
following data available with test on the engine.
Engine speed = 300rpm
Brake torque= 50 N-m
pm= 10bar
calculate (1) indicated power (2) brake power (3) Mechanical efficiency
13. A 4-stroke 6-cylinder IC engine has a stroke volume of 1.75 liters and is operating at a mean
effective pressure of 6 bar. At what crankshaft rpm will the engine develop 35 hp? (Take 1
hp = 736 watts)

14. A petrol engine has a compression ratio of 6 and develops 15 kW. Its brake thermal
efficiency is half of its air standard efficiency. Find the fuel consumption. Take calorific
value of petrol as 41500 kJ/kg. Why are more two-wheeler automobiles made with a 4-stroke
engine instead of a 2-stroke engine? Give three technical reasons for this.

15. A six-cylinder four stroke petrol engine develop 300 KW brake power at 2500 rpm. The
stroke to bore ratio is 1.25. Assuming the mechanical efficiency as 80% and mean effective
pressure of 9 bar, determine the bore and stroke of engine. Also find the fuel consumption in
kg/hr if indicated thermal efficiency is 30% and CV of fuel used is 41900 KJ/kg.

16. The following data were noted for a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke engine: Diameter = 101 mm, stroke
= 114 mm, engine speed = 1600 rpm, fuel consumption = 0.204 kg/min, heating value of fuel
= 41,800 kJ/kg, difference in either side of the brake pulley = 378 N, brake pulley radius =
3.35 m. Assume mechanical efficiency = 83%. Calculate: (i) brake thermal efficiency, (ii)
indicated thermal efficiency, (iii) fuel consumption per brake power.
 Assignment-5
Semester: I/II
Subject: Basic Mechanical Engineering (BE01000081)
Topic: Basic Terminology & Energy
1. Define:
1) Prime mover
2) Force
3) Weight
4) Density
5) Specific gravity
6) Specific weight
7) Heat
8) Work
9) Power
10) High grade energy
11) Low grade energy
12) Specific heat capacity
13) Melting point
14) Boiling point
15) Critical point
16) Triple point
17) Enthalpy
18) Temperature
19) Internal Energy
20) Zeroth law
21) First law of thermodynamics
2. Classify Prime movers with example.
3. Define System, Boundary and Surroundings with neat sketch.
4. Classify and define thermodynamics system with one suitable example of each.
5. Define Specific heat and latent heat with one suitable example.
6. Define Gauge pressure, Atmospheric pressure and Absolute pressure with neat sketch.
7. Define Process, Path and Cycle with neat sketch.
8. Define property and list its types with suitable example.
9. State similarities and dissimilarities between Work and Heat.
10. State thermodynamic equilibrium in details.
11. Give detailed classification of fuel.
12. Write short note on: CNG, LPG, Hydrogen gas, hydel energy, wind energy, solar energy,
bio-fuels, nuclear energy.
13. Define calorific value of fuel. Define H. C. V. and L. C. V.
14. List advantages and disadvantages of following source of energy
 a. Wind energy
b. Solar energy
c. Nuclear energy
d. Hydro energy/ hydro power/ water energy
15. Define following terms and list its causes and its effect on environment
a. Global warming
b. Ozone layer depletion
16. Compare solid fuels, liquid fuels and gaseous fuel in terms of storage, calorific value,
pollutions.
17. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable energy resources
18. State advantages and dis-advantages of liquid fuel over solid fuel and gaseous fuel over
liquid and solid
19. Write on greenhouse effect, its causes